【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习强化训练：专题1阅读理解3 18页

第一编　专题一　考点3‎ 真题题组 A ‎(2017·全国Ⅲ，D)‎ The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. ‎ Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well－being among older people，leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. ‎ Led by Professor Phil Blythe，the Newcastle team are developing in－vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life. ‎ These include custom－made navigation(导航) tools，night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains： “For many older people，particularly those living alone or in the country，driving is important for preserving their independence，giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. ”‎ ‎“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to. ”‎ Dr Amy Guo，the leading researcher on the older driver study，explains： “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. ‎ ‎”For example，most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly，we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that. ‎ ‎“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel. ”‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室，研究老年人开车存在的问题和难点，帮助老年人安全驾驶。‎ ‎❶　What is the purpose of the DriveLAB？ __C__‎ A．To explore new means of transport. ‎ B．To design new types of cars. ‎ C．To find out older driver’s problems. ‎ D．To teach people traffic rules. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句中的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知，建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地方，故选C。 ‎ ‎❷　Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？ __A__‎ A．It keeps them independent. B．It helps them save time. ‎ C．It builds up their strength. D．It cures their mental illnesses. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“For many older people，particularly those living alone or in the country，driving is important for preserving their independence，giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others”可知，对于老年人来说，开车对保持他们生活的独立性至关重要，故选A。‎ ‎❸　What do researchers hope to do for older drivers？ __B__‎ A．Improve their driving skills. ‎ B．Develop driver－assist technologies. ‎ C．Provide tips on repairing their cars. ‎ D．Organize regular physical checkups. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“the Newcastle team are developing in—vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life”可知，研究者正在研发车载式的技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车，故选B。‎ ‎❹　What is the best title for the text？ __D__‎ A．A new Model Electric Car B．A Solution to Traffic Problems C．Driving Services for Elders D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road 解析：考查标题归纳。本文的关键词是老年人驾车，重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾车所进行的研究。故选D。‎ B ‎(2017·天津，A)‎ Suppose you’re in a rush，feeling tired，not paying attention to your screen，and you send an email that could get you in trouble. ‎ Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame. ‎ What to do？ Here are four common email accidents，and how to recover. ‎ Clicking “send” too soon Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored. ‎ Writing the wrong name The sooner you notice，the better. Respond quickly and briefly，apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured： don’t handle it too lightly，as people can be offended，especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i. e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names). ‎ Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner，or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance，the best solution is to send a quick，light－hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse，when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance，step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down. ‎ Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone，intending to send it to a friend，but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case，ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person. ‎ 文章大意：这是一篇应用文。匆忙之中或心不在焉时发送电子邮件出现错误怎么办？比如，邮件还没写好就发送了，把收件人的名字拼写错了，个人邮件被你误发给了所有人，或者把埋怨的邮件误发给了被你吐槽的那个人。本文告诉我们出现这些情况时我们该如何补救。‎ ‎❺　After realising an email accident，you are likely to feel __C__. ‎ A．curious 　 B．tired ‎ C．awful D．funny ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“realising an email accident”可把答案定位在第二段。该段说，在你点击“发送”数秒钟之后你就会意识到自己的错误，结合下文的“freeze in horror and burn with shame”可知，人们意识到“邮件事故”后，可能会感觉糟糕，因此选C。‎ ‎❻　If you have written the wrong name in an email，it is best to __A__. ‎ A．apologise in a serious manner B．tell the receiver to ignore the error C．learn to write the name correctly D．send a short notice to everyone 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“written the wrong name”可把答案定位在第五段，该部分提出建议说，此时赶紧给对方发一个简短的回复，为自己的错误道歉(apologising for your mistake)，而且要注意道歉的语调(don’t handle it too lightly)，这与A项的陈述是一致的。‎ ‎❼　What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” ‎ email？ __B__‎ A．Try offering other choices. B．Avoid further involvement. ‎ C．Meet other staff members. D．Make a light－hearted apology. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干的内容可把答案定位至第六段，这部分提到，如果你不小心点了“回复所有人”，可能有人会就此开始回复不太友好的话，此时你最好离开电脑键盘(step away from your keyboard)，以便让大家都冷静下来。这与B项的陈述相吻合，表示“避免继续卷入(这样的对话)”。‎ ‎❽　How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email？ __D__‎ A．By promising not to offend the receiver again. ‎ B．By seeking support from the receiver’s friends. ‎ C．By asking the receiver to control his anger. ‎ D．By talking to the receiver face to face. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“offensive email”可把答案定位在最后一段。这部分提到，在出现冒犯对方的情况时，要尽快亲自向对方道歉。故选D。‎ ‎❾　What is the passage mainly about？ __C__‎ A．Defining email errors. B．Reducing email mistakes. ‎ C．Handling email accidents. D．Improving email writing. ‎ 解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文，尤其是第三段的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是发送电子邮件出现问题时人们该如何面对和补救，因此C项最能概括本文的主题。‎ C ‎(2017·浙江，A)‎ Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days，a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush. ‎ The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. ‎ The_cat’s_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year，one of Benjamin’s cousins，Mr. Pennington，came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. ‎ In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr. Pennington returned for another visit . He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. ‎ In the city，Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams，a well－known painter，came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student. But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night. ” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine－year－old boy decided then that he would be an artist. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明·韦斯特是如何开始他的艺术生涯的。‎ 　What is the text mainly about？ __C__‎ A．Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia. ‎ B．Williams’ influence on Benjamin. ‎ C．The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist. ‎ D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. ‎ 解析：主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C。‎ 　What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest？ __D__‎ A．The cat would be closely watched. ‎ B．The cat would get some medical care. ‎ C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly. ‎ D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon. ‎ 解析：推理判断题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。‎ 　What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent？ __B__‎ A．He took him to see painting exhibitions. ‎ B．He provided him with painting materials. ‎ C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. ‎ D．He taught him how to make engravings. ‎ 解析：细节理解题。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. ”，接着下一段又谈到“. . . Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. ”，由此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选B项。‎ 　Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to __D__. ‎ A．master the use of paints B．appreciate landscape paintings C．get to know other painters D．make up his mind to be a painter 解析：细节理解题。由文章最后两句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine－year－old boy decided then that he would be an artist. ”可知，这两本书是他通往古典绘画的指引，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选D项。‎ D ‎(2017年11月浙江，B)‎ It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way we think. Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful，crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights(领悟). ‎ So if moving the body can have these effects，what about the clothes we wear？ We’re all well aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more attractive，sporty or professional，depending on the clothes we wear，but can the clothes actually change cognitive(认知的) performance or is it just a feeling？‎ Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat on people’s powers of attention. The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists，who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail. ‎ What they found was that people wearing white coats performed better than those who weren’t. Indeed，they made only half as many errors as those wearing their own clothes on the Stroop Test (one way of measuring attention ). The researchers call the effect “enclothed cognition”，suggesting that all manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in many different ways. ‎ This opens the way for all sorts of clothes－based experiments. Is the writer who wears a fedora more creative？ Is the psychologist wearing little round glasses and smoking a cigar more insightful？ Does a chef’s hat make the resultant food taste better？‎ From now on I will only be editing articles for PsyBlog while wearing a white coat to help keep the typing error count low. Hopefully you will be doing your part by reading PsyBlog in a cap and gown (学位服). ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了“具衣认知”理论，该理论认为人们的衣着会影响人们的认知表现。‎ 　What is the main idea of the text？ __C__‎ A．Body movements change the way people think. ‎ B．How people dress has an influence on their feelings. ‎ C．What people wear can affect their cognitive performance. ‎ D．People doing different jobs should wear different clothes. ‎ 解析：考查主旨大意。根据文章第四段中的“The researchers call the effect ’enclothed cognition’，suggesting that all manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in many different ways”并结合全文可知，人们的衣着能够影响人们的认知表现，故C项能概括全文主旨。‎ 干扰项分析：文章第一段说明肢体动作会影响人们的思维方式，但这只是为了引入话题，并不是文章的主旨，故A项错误；文章第二段提出衣着会真正改变人们的认知表现还是这只是一种感觉的疑问，由第四段中的“suggesting that all manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in many different ways”可知，衣着可能会影响人们的认知而不是感觉，故B项错误；第五段说明了“具衣认知”理论为各种以衣着为基础的实验打开了新的思路，但并不是说从事不同职业的人应该穿不同的衣服，故D项错误。‎ 　Adam and Galinsky’s experiment tested the effect of clothes on their wearers’ __C__‎ A．insights B．movements C．attention D．appearance 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat on people’s powers of attention”可知，该实验主要测试的是穿着实验室白袍对人们的注意力的影响，由此选C项。‎ 　How does the author sound in the last paragraph？ __B__‎ A．Academic. B．Humorous. ‎ C．Formal. D．Hopeful. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。作者最后一段提到从现在开始他要穿着白外套来编辑文章，以此来保持低的打字出错率，并希望读者穿着学位服阅读文章。因此，作者是在用幽默风趣的语言来表达自己和读者在现实生活中如何运用“具衣认知”理论，故选B项。‎ E ‎(2017·全国Ⅰ，C)‎ Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music，its significance，and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures. ‎ Despite the celebrations，though，in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. ‎ It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for ‎ jazz，Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz，make the music more accessible，and preserve its history and culture. ‎ ‎“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black or white anymore. It’s actually colorful，and it’s actually digital. ”‎ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran. ‎ Last year，Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party，“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran. “For me，it’s the recontextualization. In music，where does the emotion(情感) lie？ Are we，as humans，gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts？ Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran，“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster. ”‎ 文章大意：本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。‎ 　Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day？ __D__‎ A．To remember the birth of jazz. ‎ B．To protect cultural diversity. ‎ C．To encourage people to study music. ‎ D．To recognize the value of jazz. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music，its significance，and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。‎ 　What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to？ __C__‎ A．Jazz becoming more accessible. ‎ B．The production of jazz growing faster. ‎ C．Jazz being less popular with the young. ‎ D．The jazz audience becoming larger. ‎ 解析：考查词意猜测。根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段“Despite the ‎ celebrations，though，in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。‎ 　What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz？ __C__‎ A．It will disappear gradually. ‎ B．It remains black and white. ‎ C．It should keep up with the times. ‎ D．It changes every 50 years. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。故选C。‎ 　Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ __A__‎ A．Exploring the Future of Jazz B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz C．The Story of a Jazz Musician D．Celebrating the Jazz Day 解析：考查主旨大意。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。‎ 模拟题组 A ‎(2018·福州市毕业班质检)‎ Steve Brosnihan is the “resident cartoonist” at the Children’s Hospital，who wanders from room to room drawing and chatting and doing whatever else he can think of to cheer up the sick children. During one visit，he was saying good night to a teenage patient when he had a bright idea. ‎ Steve told the teenager to look out of the window after he left. Outside，Steve flickered(闪烁) his bike light up toward the hospital. To his surprise，the teen responded，flickering his own room lights right back. ‎ Every night after that，Steve flickered his light，and more and more kids flickered back. When he mentioned it to a friend working at a restaurant，the owner said he wanted in too. He started to flicker the restaurant sign for one minute every night at 8： 30. Soon enough，the customers started joining in with flashlights and cell phones. Almost_by_accident，_a_simple_action_was_changing_into_a_powerful_connection_between_local_people_and_sick_children. ‎ Now more than 20 groups are on board for the 8：30 p．m. flicker. Every Wednesday night，police officers line up their cars and flash them. Even boats on the river join in to give their bright good－night wave to kids who are going through frightening situations and sleeping in a strange place. ‎ ‎“It is all I look forward to basically all day，” says Abigail Waldron，aged ten. “It just shows you that somebody is helping you through your whole experience in the hospital. ”‎ ‎“It would be very hard not to do this，” says Steve，“once you start. ” The most powerful of all，he adds，comes from the families of children who have died. They continue to return to the hospital to flicker a light outside in support of children who are still patients. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Steve Brosnihan在儿童医院外向医院闪烁车灯使生病的孩子振作起来的故事，后来更多的人参与到闪烁灯光的活动中。‎ ‎❶　Why did Steve Brosnihan flicker his bike light？ __B__‎ A．To get light for the hospital. ‎ B．To comfort a teenage patient. ‎ C．To inform the patients of his leaving. ‎ D．To expect a response from a teenager. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Steve Brosnihan is the ’resident cartoonist’ at the Children’s Hospital，who wanders from room to room drawing and chatting and doing whatever else he can think of to cheer up the sick children”和最后一段中的“They continue to return to the hospital to flicker a light outside in support of children who are still patients”可以推知，Steve Brosnihan在医院外闪烁车灯是为了使生病的孩子高兴起来，是为了安慰生病的孩子。故答案选B项。‎ ‎❷　What does the last sentence in Paragraph. 3 mean？ __A__‎ A．A small action can make a difference. ‎ B．Actions speak louder than words. ‎ C．Love makes the world go round. ‎ D．Great minds think alike. ‎ 解析：考查句意理解。句子的字面意思是：几乎是偶然间，一个简单的动作正在变为当地人和生病的孩子们之间的强有力的纽带。再根据本段中提到的Steve Brosnihan把自己所做的事告诉朋友后带来的影响可以推出A选项(一个小小的动作可以产生影响)符合文意。‎ ‎❸　What can we learn from Waldron’s words？ __C__‎ A．He likes to flicker lights. ‎ B．He is frightened of treatment. ‎ C．He gets warmth from the lights. ‎ D．He likes the boat light. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。Waldron所说的话的意思是基本上来讲这是“我”一整天所期待的，那完全向你表明有人正在帮你度过你在医院那段难熬的时间；根据上下文可知，闪烁灯光这件事是为了使生病而住院的孩子们高兴起来，Waldron表达的意思是闪烁灯光这件事对生病的他来说，是有所期待的，使自己感到受了帮助，得到了温暖，故答案为C选项。‎ ‎❹　Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ __C__‎ A．Treatment for Sick Children B．A Warmhearted Cartoonist C．The Powerful Lights D．Lights Flickering in the Hospital 解析：考查标题归纳。纵观整篇文章可知，Steve Brosnihan偶然有一个医院外向医院闪烁车灯以使生病的孩子高兴起来的想法，之后在实施该想法的过程中，得到越来越多生病的孩子的回应，并且后来，更多的人参与到该活动中，再根据最后两段内容可知，这个行为影响很大，C选项能够突出主题，故选C。‎ 干扰项分析：A选项的意思是生病孩子的治疗。文章只是提到通过闪烁车灯的方式以使生病的孩子高兴起来，A项不符合主题；B选项意思是一个热心的漫画家，文章确实提到Steve Brosnihan帮助生病的孩子，但重要的是讲在医院外向医院闪烁车灯以使生病的孩子高兴起来这种行为的影响，该选项内容宽泛，不能突出本文主题；D选项意思是在医院内闪烁灯光，和文章内容在医院外闪烁灯光有出入，故该选项也不能选。‎ B ‎(2018·石家庄市一模)‎ Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Most time the task is easily accomplished with parents reading or talking to their babies. However，in some cases that is not possible due to busy work schedules or when kids are born deaf. Now，an adorable blue eyed robot，a human avatar，and some high－tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task. ‎ The Robot AVatar thermal－Enhanced system，or RAVE，is the brainchild of a team of researchers led by Laura－Ann Petitto，an educational neuroscientist，at Washington，D．C．’s Gallaudet University. The learning process begins when the robot’s camera，which is focused on the baby’s face，detects tiny changes in his/her body temperature. This，combined with the baby’s facial expression，causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby’s attention to a computer screen on which a human avatar，starts to communicate with the baby，much like a parent would. For example，if the baby points towards the screen，the avatar might respond，“ Are you pointing to me？” and follow that up with a nursery rhyme，fairy tale，or some ‎ essential social communication，all in American Sign Language (ASL). The “conversation” continues until the kid loses interest. ‎ The researchers，who have been testing the system for three years，found that babies as young as 6 to 8 months old began to move their hands in a rhythm similar to ASL after interacting with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language，whether communicated through speech or sign，activates the same parts of the brain and believes the rhythmic motions prove the babies are learning the essential elements of communication. ‎ What sets this technique apart from other methods，such as showing educational videos or television shows，is its interactive nature and real－time response to the baby’s actions. The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the system’s long－term influence on baby communication，the initial response has been very encouraging. Next，they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助父母教婴儿学习语言的系统，以及该系统的工作原理、效果评价和研究人员对这种技术的展望。‎ ‎❺　What can the RAVE system help parents do？ __C__‎ A．Improve babies’ health condition. ‎ B．Take good care of babies. ‎ C．Develop babies’ language skills. ‎ D．Keep babies company. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies”可知，专家认为教孩子语言技能的最佳时间是孩子的婴儿时期；结合第一段尾句“Now，an adorable blue－eyed robot，a human avatar，and some high－tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task”以及第二段中的“The Robot. . . a team of researchers”可知，RAVE系统可以帮助父母完成教婴儿学习语言的任务，故C项正确。‎ ‎❻　What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？ __D__‎ A．How babies learn ASL effectively. ‎ B．How parents educate their babies. ‎ C．How robots talk and read to babies. ‎ D．How the RAVE system works. ‎ 解析：考查段落大意。根据第二段第二、第三句“The learning. . . her body temperature. This，combined with the baby’s facial expression，causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby’s attention to a computer screen，on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby，much like a parent would”‎ 可知，机器人的摄像头可以检测到婴儿细微的体温变化并与婴儿的面部表情相结合，使机器人转动头部，引导婴儿注意电脑屏幕，在电脑屏幕上，一个人类的形象开始与婴儿交流，就像父母一样；结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了RAVE系统的工作原理，故D项正确。‎ ‎❼　What indicates babies are learning with the help of the RAVE system？ __D__‎ A．Interest in videos and TV shows. ‎ B．Changes in their body temperature. ‎ C．Improvement in their natural language. ‎ D．Hand movements in a rhythm like ASL. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“babies as young. . . a few minutes”可知，在和这种系统交流互动之后，婴儿就会开始以类似于ASL的节奏晃动他们的手，故D项正确。‎ ‎❽　What do the researchers think of the RAVE system？ __A__‎ A．Promising. B．Impractical. ‎ C．Satisfactory. D．Disappointing. ‎ 解析：考查观点态度。根据第四段第二、第三句“The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the system’s long－term influence on baby communication，the initial response has been very encouraging. Next，they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies”可知，尽管对这种系统培养婴儿交流技能的长期影响进行评价为时过早，但是其初期的表现令人鼓舞，研究人员将在下一步推出可以用手语和口语与婴儿交流的形象。所此可知，研究人员对这种系统的发展是充满着希望的，A项意为“很有前途的，大有希望的”，符合语境，故A项正确。‎ C ‎(2018·太原市二模)‎ I was in the middle of coding a web page when my wife emailed me these questions： Ever wonder what it would be like to have the face，the brains，the personality and the body？ What would it be like to have everyone stop when you walk into a room？ What would it be like to be able to get anything or anyone you want？ I stopped for a moment and thought about them because my wife wouldn’t email me these unless something had driven her to do so. I emailed her back with what I thought were pretty good answers. Here are what I wrote her back. ‎ Yes，I had thought many times about what it would be like to be one of the beautiful people. To be able to take your breath away when I walked into a room，or to be the life of the party and have everyone fawning (奉承) over me as I wore only the finest clothes and sported the perfect body？ But then I always came back to the realization that a lifestyle like that is so fragile. As you get older，your body changes； as you get older，the money changes. Your body never looks the same； the clothes become more and more expensive to maintain. And once you have crossed the ‎ line，suddenly you are out. The next fresh face comes in and you are quickly forgotten. ‎ All through growing up I was never an attractive person. I was overweight and picked on. But that didn’t stop me from being a nice person—a good，clean，funny and helpful person. I was the person who you came to when you needed a friend after a breakup. I was the one you came to when you needed a joke to brighten up your day. And in the long run，I will be the one you remember，not the new face，or the fresh style. ‎ In closing，I would like to say that we，as people，have developed into looking for things that are bigger and better instead of what will last. I don’t know about you，but I will remember the friend who helped me when I was down，more than the hot girl I just saw walking down the street. ‎ I wish I could tell the world some more jokes. ‎ 文章大意：我就妻子询问的关于漂亮的人的问题论述了自己的观点：漂亮的人不在于美丽的外表和光鲜的衣着，漂亮的人应该是善良、风趣、爱干净的、乐于助人的人。‎ ‎❾　How did the author react to his wife’s questions？ __A__‎ A．He took them seriously. ‎ B．He went on coding the page. ‎ C．He replied to them right away. ‎ D．He wondered why she had done so. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段倒数第二和第三段“I stopped for a moment and thought about them because my wife wouldn’t email me these unless something had driven her to do so. I emailed her back with what I thought were pretty good answers”可知，我停了一会儿，思考了妻子问的问题，因为我的妻子不会给我发这些，除非有什么驱使她这样做；我用我认为是很好的答案回复了她。结合下文给出的详细的解答可知，A项正确。‎ 　What can we learn about the author？ __C__‎ A．He cares much about appearance. ‎ B．He has a clever and beautiful wife. ‎ C．He is always ready to help others. ‎ D．He doesn’t like beautiful women. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句“But that didn’t stop me from being a nice person—a good，clean，funny and helpful person”可知，没有什么能阻止我成为一个好人——一个善良、爱干净、风趣、乐于助人的人，故C项正确。‎ 　According to the text，the author would agree that one should ‎ __D__. ‎ A．try a new and fresh lifestyle B．tell jokes to live a meaningful life C．wear fancy clothes to attract people D．be the person who brings joy to others 解析：考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“I wish I could tell the world some more jokes”可知，我希望多讲几个笑话给世人听；据此可推知，作者是一个将快乐带给他人的人，故D项正确。‎ 　Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ __B__‎ A．What Is Wisdom？ B．What Will Last？‎ C．Three Questions D．Three Answers 解析：考查标题归纳。通读全文可知，我就妻子问的三个问题论述了自己的观点：让人永久难忘的漂亮的人并不是有着美丽的外表、光鲜的衣着的人，而是善良、爱干净、风趣、乐于助人的人，那才是关于“漂亮”的永久的东西，故B项最适合作文章的标题。‎ D ‎(2018·南昌市 、长沙市第一次联合模拟)‎ Watching what you eat can be easier said than done，but a recent study shows it might not just be about what’s on your plate—it could be about how quickly it disappears. ‎ Japanese researchers followed 1,083 adults for five years，splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate： slow，normal，and fast. They also answered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study，sharing their diet，physical activity，and medical history. In the beginning，none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome (新陈代谢综合征) meaning at least three risk factors—which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes. ‎ When the participants reported back five years later，84 had been diagnosed (诊断) with metabolic syndrome—and their eating speed was a major predictor，according to the results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow and normal eaters. Just 2. 3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis，compared to 11. 6 percent of fast eaters. But that’s not all. Fast eaters also saw more weight gain，larger waistlines，and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters. ‎ The researchers say gobbling makes it easier not to take notice of fullness before your body has a chance to signal you to stop. “So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat，” said Takayuki Yamaji，MD，study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement. ‎ Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating，too. One study of New Zealand women found fast eaters have higher body－mass indexes (指数)，and a Chinese study found that both healthy and fat men ate less when told to chew 40 times instead of 15 times before swallowing. Initial research even suggests chewing your food longer could burn more calories—up to about 1,000 extra every month. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。不只吃什么影响健康，吃的速度也影响健康。‎ 　What are the participants divided by？ __D__‎ A．Medical history. B．Health condition. ‎ C．Physical activity. D．Eating speed. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate：slow，normal，and fast”可知，按照参与者吃饭的速度，研究者将他们分为吃得慢、正常、快三个类别。‎ 　Which may be the result of the study？ __D__‎ A．Fast eaters are 4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome. ‎ B．Normal and slow eaters don’t have metabolic illness. ‎ C．89% of fast eaters have higher blood pressure. ‎ D．Slow eaters are healthier than fast eaters. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Fast eaters also saw more weight gain，larger waistlines，and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters”可知，比起吃得慢的人，吃得快的人体重增加更多、腰围更大、血糖水平也更高，反向推知，吃得慢的人比吃得快的人健康。‎ 　What does the underlined word “gobbling” in Paragraph 4 best mean？ __C__‎ A．Tasting slowly. B．Digesting quickly. ‎ C．Eating greedily. D．Cooking carefully. ‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat”可知，吃得快可能会让人吃得过多。所以这个词的意思应是“狼吞虎咽地吃”，故选C项。‎ 　What does the last paragraph tell us？ __B__‎ A．The importance of eating speed. ‎ B．The advantage of eating slowly. ‎ C．The result of a Chinese study. ‎ D．Fast eating and overeating. ‎ 解析：考查段落大意。根据文章最后一段的中心句“previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating，too”及下文内容可知，本段主要讲慢点吃的好处。‎ E ‎(2018·石家庄市一模)‎ Supermarket shelves are filled with plant－based alternatives to cow milk，including soy，nuts，and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows’ milk for health reasons，as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy－free (非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee，they fail miserably when it comes to making milk－based products like cheese or yogurt. However，‎ these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past，thanks to a new company in California，which has figured out how to create animal－free milk in a laboratory！‎ Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows’ milk－free alternatives，particularly for cheese. For Gandhi，who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns，the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy－free cream cheese on his sandwich. ‎ The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy－based products. In their university lab，the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA and then inserting it into yeast(酵母). This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats. ‎ The dairy－free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier，has a longer shelf life and，most important of all，is Earth－friendly. According to the company’s website，when compared to conventional milk production，their process uses 65% less energy，creates 84% less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and 98% less water！ Best of all，since it contains real milk proteins，the product behaves like the cow－producing version，which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas. ‎ The company plans to bring their creation to the market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows’ milk alternatives available to consumers. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。虽然豆奶、椰奶等非动物乳制品受到了不能喝牛奶和环保人士的青睐，但是人们很难成功制作非动物乳制品的奶酪和酸奶；麻省理工学院生物医学工程学家创立的公司取得了技术突破，成功研制了非动物乳制品的奶，并计划生产第一代产品。‎ 　The underlined word “those” in Paragraph 1 refers to __B__. ‎ A．alternatives B．people C．products D．reasons 解析：考查代词指代。根据第一段第二句“These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows’ milk for health reasons，as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability”可知，这些产品受到那些因为健康原因而不能喝牛奶的消费者和那些关注动物福利和环境可持续性的消费者的欢迎；据此可知，该句中的those指代“人们”。故B项正确。‎ 干扰项分析：A项意为“替代品”，C项意为“产品”，D项意为“理由”，都与语境不符。‎ 　Ryan Pandya was motivated to make the new product because of __D__. ‎ A．his deep concern for the environment B．his worry that farm animals were poorly treated C．the overconsumption of the dairy－based products D．the poor taste of dairy－free cheese presently available 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some ’really bad’ dairy－free cream cheese on his sandwich”可知，Pandya在吃了三明治上“非常糟糕”的非乳制奶酪后便开始采取行动。据此可知，Pandya受到了现有的口感差的非乳制奶酪的激发，开始生产这种新产品，故D项正确。‎ 　What can be inferred from Paragraph 4？ __C__‎ A．The dairy－free milk cannot be stored for a long time. ‎ B．The new products will taste better than dairy－based ones. ‎ C．Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage. ‎ D．The dairy－free milk will be more expensive than cows’ milk. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段第二句“According to the company’s website，when compared to conventional milk production，their process uses 65% less energy，creates 84% less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and 98% less water”可知，根据该公司网站，与传统的牛奶生产相比，他们的生产过程少消耗了65%的能源，减少了84%的温室气体排放，减少了91%的土地和98%的水；据此可以判断，传统的牛奶生产对环境造成了一定的影响，故C项正确。‎ 干扰项分析：根据第四段第一句的“The dairy－free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier，has a longer shelf life and，most important of all，is Earth－friendly”可知，该牛奶保持期长，故A项与文意相反；B、D项在第四段没有被提及。‎ 　Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ __D__‎ A．Healthier Cheese B．New Milk Saves Planet C．Fresher Milk，Better Future D．Making Milk Without Cows 解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了加利福尼亚的一家公司成功研制了非动物乳制品的产品，填补了技术空白，并将于今年晚些时候生产第一代产品；据此可知，D项最适合作文章的标题。‎