2019届高考英语考前培训：写作素能培养第5讲写好非谓语动词 22页

写作素能培养 第三部分 第五讲　写好非谓语动词 众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。 一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句 写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用 “ 三步法 ” ： 第一步：写出两个简单句。 第二步：找准两个简单句的对接点，让一个句子作为主干，另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写。 第三步：判断应用何种非谓语动词，把握好时态和语态，最后连接起来。 示例： 第一步：写出两个简单句。 ① The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine. ②It drives the constant growth in the box office income. 第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。 第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词 drive 与主语 it 之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。 The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box office income. (2017 · 江苏高考书面表达 ) 其他几个转换的例子如下： 1 ．我为那事感到非常遗憾，开始考虑做些什么来帮一下。 I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help. →Feeling quite sorry for that ， I begin to think about what to do to help. ( 现在分词作状语 ) 2 ．另一方面，我将帮着建立英语角，提供给我们学生一个练习英语口语的平台。 On the other hand ， I will help set up the English corner.I will provide us students a platform to practice our oral English. →On the other hand ， I will help set up the English corner ， providing us students a platform to practice our oral English. ( 现在分词作状语 ) 3 ．这儿的人都喜欢汤姆写的那本小说。 All the people here like the novel.It is written by Tom. →All the people here like the novel written by Tom. ( 过去分词作定语 ) 4 ．我们应该多讲英语。我们认为这是很重要的。 We should speak more English.We think it is very important. →We think it very important to speak more English. (it 作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语 ) 5 ．我们应该如何提高我们的英语口语水平？这是个问题。 How should we improve our spoken English ？ It is a question. →How to improve our spoken English is a question. ( 不定式短语作主语 ) →The question is how to improve our spoken English. ( 不定式短语作表语 ) 运用非谓语动词转换简单句 1 ． We were touched by the teacher's words.We decided to work hard. Touched by the teacher's words ， we decided to work hard. 2 ． I didn't receive her letter.I had to write again. Not having received her letter ， I had to write again. 3 ． The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher very angry. The boy's coming to school late again made the teacher very angry. 4 ． The boys were making the most of time.They wanted to finish the work earlier. The boys were making the most of time (so as) to finish the work earlier. 5 ． I saw an old granny.She lay on the ground.I went over to help her. Seeing an old granny lying on the ground ， I went over to help her. 二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句 用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。 示例： 第一步：写出复合句。 Since you have realized that your time is limited, you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 第二步：把 since 引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词， realize 与 you 之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。 Having realized that your time is limited, you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 其他几个转换的例子如下： 1 ．惊诧于他们的熟练程度，我决心要像他们一样好。 Because I was amazed at how skillful they were ， I determined to be just as good. →Amazed at how skillful they were ， I determined to be just as good. ( 过去分词作状语 ) 2 ．看到一辆车朝她而来，我伸出手把她拉了回来。 When I saw a car running towards her ， I reached my hand out and pulled her back. →Seeing a car running towards her ， I reached my hand out and pulled her back. ( 现在分词作状语 ) 3 ．练习了接近两个月篮球后，我们强烈渴望获得一场胜利。 After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months ， we strongly desired to be the winner. →Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months ， we strongly desired to be the winner. ( 现在分词作状语 ) 4 ．这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。 There was a large factory ， which produced fertilizer.Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas ， which polluted the environment. →There was a large factory ， which produced fertilizer.Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas ， polluting the environment. 注意： “ 原句 ” 中分别由 which 引导两个定语从句，重复且单调，将第二个定语从句转换为现在分词短语作状语后，不仅表达多样，而且言简意明。 5 ．因为手里没拿着什么东西，他们不敢与狼搏斗。 Because they had nothing on their hand, they didn't dare to fight against the wolf. →With nothing on their hand, they didn't dare to fight against the wolf. (2017 · 浙江高考书面表达 ) 〔 名师点拨 〕 在所有的高级语法中，阅卷老师几乎都喜欢看到独立主格和分词结构，其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构。如果你的作文中有状语从句，学会下面的口诀，就可以改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。 On seeing a few people still in the burning house 　 it possible for them to master one 　 3 ． I took part in the meeting ， which was held in Beijing last Friday.It was very instructive ， which was hosted by a manager who came to our company yesterday. →I took part in the meeting ___________________last Friday.It was very instructive ， which was hosted by a manager ________________________________. 4 ． Mother went to work in a hurry ， and she didn't have breakfast.She was as busy as a bee these days and came back home very late. →Mother went to work in a hurry ____________________________.She was as busy as a bee these days ， ______________________________. held in Beijing 　 coming to our company yesterday 　 without having breakfast 　 coming back home very late 　 一般表达： There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing.They serve passengers heart and soul.They play an important part in the traffic of Beijing.They make some money.They work from dawn till night.One day ， I left my cellphone in the taxi I took.I got in touch with the driver.He drove to my home and gave it back to me.I was very excited. 高级表达： There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing ， serving passengers heart and soul and playing an important part in the traffic of Beijing.In order to make some money to support their families ， they work from dawn till night.One day ， I got out of the taxi in a hurry with my cellphone left in the taxi I took.On hearing what had happened ， the taxi driver drove to my home as fast as possible and gave the cellphone back to me.Seeing my cellphone again ， I was too excited to say a word. 2 ．大城市里高楼大厦林立，房价越来越高。一方面，很多人无房居住，另一方面，大量房子却卖不出去。不少人即使买了一套住房，恐怕也要一辈子辛辛苦苦工作来还银行贷款。我们希望政府采取措施，关心这些收入不高的人群。 一般表达： There are more and more tall buildings in big cities.Their prices are going up day by day.On one hand ， there are still lots of people.They have no houses to live in.On the other hand ， many apartments are hard to sell out.Even if you buy an apartment ， I'm afraid you have to pay off the money you borrow from the bank.You will work hard day and night all your life.I do hope our government take strong measures to solve the housing problem and take care of the people.Their incomes are low. 高级表达： There are more and more tall buildings in big cities ， with their prices going up day by day.On one hand ， there are still lots of people having no houses to live in.On the other hand ， many apartments are hard to sell out.Even if you have bought an apartment ， I'm afraid you have to try to pay off the money borrowed from the bank ， working hard day and night all your life.I do hope our government can take strong measures to solve the housing problem ， showing great concern for the people whose incomes are not high enough.