2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：Unit 22　Environmental Protection 31页

www.ks5u.com Unit 22　Environmental Protection ‎1．resident n. 居民　2.habitant n. 居民；居住者 ‎3．immigrant n. 移民 4.migration n. 迁移；移居 ‎5．ageing n．& adj. 老龄化；变老的 ‎6．decrease vi. 减少 ‎7．decline vi. 降低；下降 8.settle in 迁入；安顿下来 ‎9．birth/death rate 出生/死亡率 ‎10．floating population 流动人口 ‎11．atmosphere n. 大气 12.waste n. 废料；垃圾 ‎13．radiation n. 放射；放射物 14.emission n. 排放 ‎15．recycle vt. 回收；循环利用 16.replace/substitute vt. 取代 ‎17．environmentally friendly adj. 环保的 ‎18．soil erosion 水土流失 ‎19．alternative energy 替代能源 ‎20．solar energy/power 太阳能 ‎21．nuclear energy/power 核能 ‎22．be/live in harmony with 与……和谐共处 ‎23．bring...under control 把……控制住 ‎24．be/become aware of 意识到 ‎25．raise the awareness of 提高……意识 ‎26．live a low carbon life 过低碳生活 ‎27．population density 人口密度 ‎28．universal twochild policy 全面二孩政策 ‎1．live in harmony with...　与……和谐相处 ‎2．raise the awareness of...　唤醒……的意识 ‎3．protect...from...　保护……不受……(危害)‎ ‎4．be covered with　被……覆盖 ‎5．be crowded with　挤满，拥塞 ‎6．turn off　关掉 ‎7．die out　灭亡；逐渐消失 ‎8．tear down　拆掉；拆毁 ‎9．save energy　节约能源 ‎10．get damaged　遭到破坏 ‎1．It is necessary for us to protect our environment.‎ 对我们来说，保护环境是必要的。‎ ‎2．Only in this way can we live in harmony with the animals.‎ 只有这样我们才能与动物和谐相处。‎ ‎3．Water resources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use.‎ 水资源已经被污染得如此严重，以至于一些水已经不适合饮用或使用。‎ ‎1．It_is_wellknown_that the global water shortage is becoming ‎ increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.‎ 众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。‎ ‎2．It is urgent to stop damaging the earth and spare_no_effort_to_protect_it and make it a lovely place to live in.‎ 形势紧急，破坏地球的行为应该叫停了，应不遗余力地保护地球，把地球变成一个适宜居住的美丽的地方。‎ ‎3．It_is_well_acknowledged that the severely polluted environment and the increase of cars contribute a lot to smog.‎ 人们公认严重污染的环境和车辆的增加极大地导致了雾霾。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎ 教材单词 写准并记牢 高考与教材 Ⅰ.重点单词 ‎1．trap vt. 使困住　　 　　　　　2.threaten vt. 威胁 ‎3．substitute n. 代替品，代用品 4.seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取 ‎5．means n. 方法 6.recycle vt. 回收利用 ‎7．carve vt. 雕刻 8.slide vi. 滑行 ‎9．potential n. 可能性；潜在性 10.roll vi. 转动；滚动 ‎11．politics n. 政治 12.behalf n. 代表 Ⅱ.拓展单词 ‎1．agriculture n. 农业→agricultural ‎ ‎1.(2019·天津卷)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized (seize) me.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling (roll) it, sitting on it, throwing it.‎ ‎3．(2018·江苏卷)But in agriculture (agricultural), small farmers can get the best of the major players.‎ ‎4．(2018·江苏卷)The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes (change) to the industry.‎ ‎5．(2018·浙江卷)Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to ‎ adj. 农业的 ‎2．coincident adj. 一致的，巧合的→coincidence n. 巧合 ‎3．separate vt. 分离；分开 adj. 分开的→separately adv. 分开地→separation n. 分离，分开 ‎4．adopt vt. 采用；收养→adoption n. 采用；采纳；收养 ‎5．reserve v. 保留→reservation n. 保护区 ‎6．dust n. 灰尘，尘土→dusty adj. 多灰尘的 ‎7．relevant adj. 有关的→irrelevant adj. 不相关的，不恰当的 ‎8．construct vt. 建造→construction n. 建造；建筑 ‎9．consider vt. 思考，考虑→considerate adj. 想得周到的，体贴的→consideration n. 考虑；思考→considering prep. 考虑到；鉴于 ‎10．sharp adj. 锋利的；尖锐的；敏锐的→sharply adv. 严厉地；明确地→sharpen vt. 削尖→sharpener n. 卷笔刀 ‎11．change vt. 改变→changeable adj. 多变的 ‎12．irrigate vt. 灌溉→irrigation n. 灌溉 Ⅲ.阅读单词 purchase paper bags, which are_recycled (recycle) easily.‎ ‎6．(2017·天津卷)That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated (separate) only by a thin square of glass.‎ ‎1．ecology n．　　　生态 　　　　　　2.botanical adj.　　植物的 ‎3．consultant n. 顾问 4.boycott n. 抵制 ‎5．rough adj. 艰难的 6.advocate vt. 主张，提倡 ‎7．principle n. 原则；道德准则 8.catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难 ‎9．sacrifice vt.‎& vi. 牺牲；献出 10.negative adj. 消极的，负面的 ‎11．finance n. 资金 12.allocate vt. 分配，配给 ‎13．evolution n. (生物)进化 ‎ 教材短语 写准并记牢 高考与教材 ‎1.in_turn 依次；反过来 ‎2．lead_to 引起，导致 ‎3．look_ahead 展望未来，向前看 ‎4．take_action 采取行动 ‎5．ahead_of 在……前面 ‎6．on_sb.'s_behalf 代表……‎ ‎7．carry_off 掠去，夺走 ‎8．all_in_all 总的来说 ‎9．apart_from 除……以外 ‎10．answer_for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任 ‎11．call_for_an_end_to_sth.‎ ‎1.(2019·江苏卷)As the number of tourists has grown, so has the amount of traffic on the roads.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created.‎ ‎4．(2018·天津卷)Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fires.‎ ‎ 要求结束……‎ ‎12．earn_one's_living 谋生 ‎13．as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上 ‎14．break_away_from 摆脱；脱离(团体、组织、某种思想体系)‎ ‎15．a_number_of 一些；许多 ‎16．beyond_one's_control 超出……的控制，不受……的控制 ‎17．result_in 导致 ‎18．refer_to 参考；查阅 ‎ 教材句式 写准并记牢 高考与教材 ‎1.in the last few decades 常与现在完成时态搭配 In_the_last_few_decades,_scientists have_reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth's climate...‎ 在过去的几十年里，科学家们一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化……‎ ‎2．动词ing形式作状语和定语 Looking_ahead,_scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing_the_21st_century.‎ ‎1.(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members has_given_ten_performances (已经完成了十场演出) in the last three months.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)It_seems_that (看起来好像) none of these have much chance of survival.‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C. newcomers and locals looking_to_experience_Washington_D．C. (想要感受华盛顿) in a healthy way with minimum effort.‎ ‎4．(2018·江苏卷)It had also given me a choice, either to ‎ 展望未来，科学家们相信全球变暖可能会是面对21世纪的最大环保问题之一。‎ ‎3．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun's rays would bounce back into space leaving_the_earth_cold_and_impossible_to_live_on.‎ 如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空中去，使地球处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。‎ ‎4．given prep.考虑到；It seems that...主语从句 Given this data, it_seems_that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.‎ 鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。‎ ‎5．时间/地点名词＋saw/have/has seen＋宾语表示时间/地点见证了……‎ The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.‎ 近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。‎ ‎6．with复合结构 leave_that_page_blank (让那张纸空着) or to keep writing the story with hope.‎ Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with_a_growing_number_of_hurricanes_hitting_the_US,_and_Central_America.‎ 暴风雨也在各地变得越来越糟糕，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和美洲中部。‎ 焦sub开头单词 ‎①substitute n. 代替品 ‎②subconscious adj. 下意识的 ‎③subheading n. 小标题 ‎④subjective adj. 主观的 ‎⑤submit v. 提交；呈递 ‎⑥subscribe v. 定期订购 ‎2．“相似词”小结 ‎①principle n. 原则→principal n. 校长 ‎②tissue n. 组织→issue n. 问题；发行 ‎③affect vt. 影响→effect n. 影响 ‎④dessert n. 甜点→desert v. 舍弃 n. 沙漠 ‎⑤borrow v. 借→sorrow n. 悲痛 ‎⑥wander v. 漫步→wonder v. 想知道 ‎⑦fellow n. 家伙→follow v. 跟随 ‎3．盘点含en后缀的高频动词 ‎①sharpen (使)锋利 ‎②weaken 变弱 ‎③strengthen 加强 ‎④lengthen 延长 ‎⑤widen (使)变宽 ‎⑥shorten 使缩短 ‎4．“环境”相关词全扫描 ‎①conservation n. 保护 ‎②reserve n. 保护区 ‎③atmosphere n. 大气层 ‎④species n. 物种 ‎⑤resource n. 资源 ‎⑥recycle v. 回收利用 ‎⑦habitat n. 栖息地 ‎⑧ecology n. 生态 ‎5．后缀er名词表示行为的主动者或与某事有关的人 ‎①banker 银行家 ‎②singer 歌唱家 ‎③writer 作家 ‎④thinker 思想家 ‎⑤leader 领导者 ‎⑥waiter 服务员 ‎⑦villager 村民 ‎⑧beginner 初学者 ‎⑨murderer 凶手 ‎⑩researcher 研究者 ‎6．后缀er名词表示物品或机器 ‎①washer 洗衣机 ‎②lighter 打火机 ‎③cutter 切削器 ‎④cooker 厨具 ‎⑤boiler 煮器 ‎⑥heater 加热器 ‎⑦printer 打印机 ‎⑧mixer 搅拌器 ‎⑨sharpener 卷笔刀 ‎⑩drier 吹风机；干燥剂 ‎7．“许多，大量”词汇扫描 ‎①修饰不可数名词：much, a great deal of, a good amount of, large amounts of ‎②修饰可数名词：a number of, a few, many a ‎③既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词：lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 高频词汇精讲 ‎1．trap vt. 使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；圈套 Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.‎ 因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使地球的气温上升。‎ ‎(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事 be/get trapped in/into (doing) sth. 被困在……中；被诱骗(做)某事 ‎(2)fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套 fall into the trap of doing sth.落入……的圈套；做某事不明智 set/lay traps/a trap for (doing)/to do sth. 为(做)……设圈套 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Don't fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.‎ ‎②Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped (trap) in powerless highrise buildings.‎ ‎③The hunter set traps (trap) to catch foxes.‎ ‎④He felt he had been trapped into accepting (accept) the terms of the contract.‎ ‎(2)句式升级(用分词结构作状语改写)‎ He was trapped in a traffic jam, so he had to be patient, waiting.‎ ‎→Trapped_in_a_traffic_jam,_he_had_to_be_patient,_waiting.‎ ‎2．reserve vi.储备；保存；保留；预订 n．保护区；储备 Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use.‎ 首先，我认为一个有效的方法就是用科学的方法把水贮存起来以备将来使用。‎ ‎(1)reserve sth. for sb./sth.为某人/某物保留、预订某物 ‎(2)in reserve 贮存；备用 ‎(3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)‎ make a reservation 预订(座位、房间等)‎ without reserve/reservation 毫无保留地 ‎(4)reserved adj. 预订的，保留的 be reserved for 留作，(专)供……之用 完成句子 ‎①Jiu zhaigou Valley is a nature_reserve located in China's Sichuan Province.‎ 九寨沟是位于中国四川省的自然保护区。‎ ‎②The seats are_reserved_for the old and the disabled.‎ 这些座位是为老人和残疾人保留的。‎ ‎3．beyond prep.超出；在(或向)……的远处 Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.‎ 我们的成功远远超出了我们估计的范围。‎ ‎(1)beyond expression 难以表达 beyond repair 难以修复 beyond description 难以描述 beyond compare 无与伦比 ‎(2)be beyond sb. 使某人无法理解 ‎(3)beyond one's control 超出某人的控制 beyond one's power 超出某人权限 beyond one's reach 使某人够不到 完成句子 ‎①I am afraid it is beyond_my_power to do what you are asking.‎ 我恐怕无力做你要求做的事。‎ ‎②It's quite beyond_me why such things have been allowed to happen.‎ 我不能理解为什么会发生这样的事情。‎ ‎③Finally, if you find pressure is nearly beyond_your_control,_you'd better turn to professional psychological guidance.‎ 最后，如果你发现压力几乎超出了你的控制范围，你最好寻求专业的心理指导。‎ ‎4．look ahead 展望未来；预测未来 We should look ahead and spare a thought for future generations.‎ 我们应该向前看，多为子孙后代着想。‎ look up to 尊重；敬仰 look into 调查 look down on/upon 轻视；瞧不起 look on/upon...as 把……看作；把……视为 look through 浏览；快速查看 look out (for sth.) 当心 look back on/upon 回顾；回想 完成句子 ‎①Looking_ahead,_we expect changes to be made in our system of education.‎ 展望未来，我们期待对教育体制进行变革。‎ ‎②He was already looking_forward_to practising the new music.‎ 他已经在期待练习新音乐了。‎ ‎③The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police now are looking_into the matter.‎ 街角的那栋建筑昨晚着火了。警察现在正在调查这件事。‎ ‎④I looked_through all my papers but I still can't find my notes.‎ 我翻遍了我所有的文件，可还是没找到我的笔记。‎ ‎5．in turn 依次；轮流；相应地；反过来 They answered the teacher's questions in turn.‎ 他们依次回答了老师的问题。‎ by turns 轮流地；时而……时而……‎ in one's turn 轮到某人 take turns to do/doing sth. 依次/轮班/轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了 完成句子 ‎①People use their cars for convenience but this in_turn caused other problems.‎ 人们用汽车是为了便利，但这反过来又引起了其他问题。‎ ‎②The book is, by_turns,_funny and very sad.‎ 这本书时而妙趣横生，时而悲悲戚戚。‎ ‎③We have started the job. Now we will take_turns to do it.‎ 我们已开始这项工作。现在我们要轮流做这件事。‎ ‎6．lead to 通向；导致，致使 Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change.‎ 全球变暖指的是地球平均温度升高，进而导致气候变化。‎ lead to (doing) sth.导致(做)某事 lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 lead/live a．..life 过……样的生活 lead...into... 把……领进……‎ lead the way 引路；带路 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①In class, I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to_practice (practice) speaking English in an interesting way.‎ ‎②Ironically, this may lead to doing (do) more instead of less.‎ ‎③The discovery of the new evidence eventually led to the official's being_arrested (arrest)．‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①A lack of confidence can lead_to a lot of suffering.‎ 缺乏自信会导致许多痛苦。‎ ‎②He decided to lead_a_new_life after the unusual experience.‎ 这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。‎ ‎③All roads lead_to_Rome.‎ ‎(谚)条条大道通罗马。‎ ‎7．condemn vt.谴责，宣判，使……注定，迫使……接受困境 If you don't learn from the past, you are condemned to repeat its mistakes.‎ 如果你不从过去吸取教训的话，就注定要重复以前的错误。‎ ‎(1)condemn sb./sth. for/as sth.因……而谴责某人或某事 condemn sb. to... 某人注定……‎ be condemned/sentenced to death 被判处死刑 ‎(2)be condemned to do sth.迫使……接受(困境)，注定……‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①She knew that society will condemn her for leaving her children.‎ ‎②As an old person, one is often condemned to_live (live) alone.‎ ‎③He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.‎ ‎8．sacrifice vt. & vi.牺牲；献出 n．牺牲；祭品，祭祀 Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education.‎ 为了让她接受良好的教育，她的父母做了很多牺牲。‎ ‎(1)sacrifice...for... 为……而牺牲……；牺牲……而换得……‎ sacrifice...to do sth.为做某事而牺牲……‎ ‎(2)make sacrifices/a sacrifice 做出牺牲 at the sacrifice of... 以牺牲……为代价 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Last summer I sacrificed my holiday to_help (help) the old.‎ ‎②He is always ready to sacrifice his personal interest for the group benefit.‎ ‎③He saved the child at the sacrifice of his life.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①It's not worth sacrificing_your_health for wealth.‎ 你为财富牺牲健康是不值得的。‎ ‎②The soldiers were prepared to make_sacrifices in defence of freedom.‎ 这些士兵已经准备好为保卫自由做出牺牲。‎ ‎9．advocate vt. 主张，提倡 n．提倡者，拥护者 Experts advocate that each person (should) play their part.‎ 专家们主张每个人都要发挥自己的作用。‎ ‎(1)advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事 advocate that... 主张……[从句谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形]‎ ‎(2)an advocate of/for ……的提倡者/拥护者 单句语法填空 ‎①Many experts advocate reducing (reduce) the amount of children's homework and also advocate that children (should)_be_given (give) more free time.‎ ‎②She has always been an advocate of changes to English spelling.‎ ‎10．substitute n．代替者；代用品 vt.(用……)代替 vi.替代，取代 After all, there's no substitute for our Earth.‎ 毕竟，没有任何东西可以代替地球。‎ ‎(1)a substitute for... ……的替代者 ‎(2)substitute A for B＝substitute B with/by A 用A代替/取代B substitute for 代替，取代 单句语法填空 ‎①The manager was unable to attend but sent his assistant as a substitute.‎ ‎②Nothing could substitute for mother's love.‎ ‎③We substitute the blue balls with/by the red ones, to see if the baby would notice.‎ ‎11．threaten vt. 威胁，恐吓 They threatened to close our credit lines if we don't reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we produce.‎ 如果我们不降低二氧化碳的排放量，他们威胁说将取消我们的信用额度。‎ ‎(1)threaten sb. with... 用……威胁某人 threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事 threaten that... 威胁……‎ ‎(2)threat n. 威胁，恐吓 a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁 ‎(3)threatening adj. 威胁的，危险的 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①The hijackers (劫持犯) threatened to_kill (kill) one passenger every hour if their demands were not met.‎ ‎②We were threatened with dismissal if we didn't cooperate.‎ ‎③The fighting is a major threat to stability in the region.‎ ‎(2)句式升级 He was threatened by terrorists and didn't dare to vote for the president.‎ Threatened_by_terrorists,_he didn't dare to vote for the president.(用过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎12.apart from(＝aside from) 除……以外 Apart from the few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of mainland China.‎ 除了在动物园里看到的几只外，熊猫只生活在中国大陆中部的竹林里。‎ take sth. apart 将……拆卸开，拆分 tell A and B apart 分辨出A与B fall apart 破裂；断裂；散开 set sb. apart 使某人与众不同 用apart短语的适当形式填空 ‎①Apart_from Beijing and Shanghai, we also visited some other cities during the holiday.‎ 除了北京和上海，假期里我们还参观了一些其他城市。‎ ‎②He took_apart the case but found nothing in it.‎ 他拆开箱子，却发现里边什么也没有。‎ ‎③You can tell my twins brother and me apart by this mark on my face.‎ 你可以根据我脸上的疤痕分辨出我和我的孪生兄弟。‎ ‎④He had a deep voice, which set him apart_from others in our small town.‎ 他那深沉的声音把他和我们小镇上的其他人区别开来。‎ ‎⑤This house was too old and soon fell_apart.‎ 这房子太旧了，很快就坍塌了。‎ ‎13．answer for 对……负责；为……受谴责 Hunters in general have a lot to answer for in terms of endangered animals.‎ 就濒危动物而言，猎人通常应负许多责任。‎ in answer(to sth.)＝as a reply 作为回应 answer(sb.) back 反驳；回嘴；顶嘴；为自己辩护 answer to sb.(for sth.) 向某人(为某事)负责；对某人承担(某事的)责任 完成句子 ‎①They shall answer_for their behavior.‎ 他们应对自己的行为负责。‎ ‎②He was given the chance to answer_back in a TV interview.‎ 在一次电视访谈中他得到了辩白的机会。‎ ‎14．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺取；依法没收，扣押 She tried to seize the gun from him.‎ 她试图夺他的枪。‎ seize sth. from sb. 从某人那里夺过某物 seize sb. by the... 抓住某人的……‎ seize on/upon 抓住，利用 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会 完成句子 ‎①The elephant seized_a_nearby_branch and put it into her mouth.‎ 大象抓住附近的一个树枝，把它放进嘴里。‎ ‎②Before he could run away, she seized_him_by the collar.‎ 在他逃跑之前，她抓住了他的衣领。‎ ‎③They seized_the_airport in a surprise attack.‎ 他们突袭攻占了机场。‎ ‎15．all in all 总的来说 All in all, it had been one of the most miserable days of Henry's life.‎ 总的来说，这是亨利一生中最悲惨的日子之一。‎ (1)at all根本；无论如何，一点儿(常用于否定句和条件从句中以加强语气) after all 毕竟；终究 in all 总共 first of all 首先，第一 above all 首先，最重要的是 (2)表示“总的来说”的词组及与其相近词组还有：on the whole， in general， in short， in a word， on balance， as a whole 完成句子 ‎①He has his faults, but, all_in_all,_he is a good helper.‎ 他有缺点，但总的说来，他是一个好帮手。‎ ‎②Max is fair, hardworking, and above_all honest.‎ 麦克斯公正、勤劳，最重要的是诚实。‎ ‎③Why are you so anxious? It isn't your problem after_all.‎ 你为什么那么着急？那毕竟不是你的问题。‎ ‎④It's not at_all certain whether I'll come tomorrow.‎ 我明天是否会来还不确定。‎ ‎16．means n. 方法；手段 People in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities.‎ 农业区的人们没有谋生手段时便向城市搬迁。‎ means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法、途径 by means of 借助……的手段 by all means 可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必 by no means 决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后倒装)‎ 名师指南：means 表示“方法，方式，手段”时，其单复数同形。当means 作主语且有every, each 等词修饰时谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few 等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Every possible means has_been_tried (try), but none worked.‎ ‎②I'll forgive you this time, by no means shall you make the mistake again.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①She tried to explain it by_means_of body language.‎ 她试图通过肢体语言来解释。‎ ‎②Furthermore, punishment is by_no_means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.‎ 而且，惩罚绝不是帮助他们身心健康成长的明智选择。‎ ‎17．adopt vt. 采用，采纳；收养 The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans.‎ 中国政府已采用了好几项噪声控制方案。‎ ‎(1)adopt a policy/habit 采用某项政策/养成某种习惯 adopt one's suggestion/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法 adopt a method/measures 采用某种方法/采取措施 adopt an orphan 收养孤儿 ‎(2)adopted adj. 收养的 adoption n. 收养；采纳 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①The adoption (adopt) of the new technology improved the production.‎ ‎②Paul's mother had him adopted (adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself.‎ ‎③He was cheated into believing that he was an adopted (adopt) son.‎ ‎④Having_adopted (adopt) a new method, they worked more efficiently.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 Pupils should be helped to adopt_a_positive_attitude to the environment.‎ 应帮助学生对环境采取积极的态度。‎ ‎18．considerate adj. 体贴的，考虑周到的 She is always polite and considerate towards her employees.‎ 她对员工总是很有礼貌、体贴入微。‎ ‎(1)consideration n. 考虑；体谅，关心，体贴 under consideration 在考虑中 take...into consideration 把……考虑在内；考虑……‎ ‎(2)considerable adj.相当大的；相当多的 ‎(3)considering prep. 考虑到 ‎(4)consider v. 考虑；认为 consider sb./sth. to be/as...认为……是……；把……看作……‎ consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Considering (consider) your salary, you should put aside at least 100 dollars a week.‎ ‎②Everything taken into consideration (consider), they believed themselves more qualified for the job.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 It_was_considerate_of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.‎ 迈克尔很体贴地通知我们他的延误，以防我们担心。‎ ‎19．break away from 摆脱；脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)‎ I strongly hope that you can consider my suggestion and break away from computer games as soon as possible.‎ 我强烈希望你考虑我的建议，尽快摆脱电脑游戏。‎ break down 出故障；(身体)垮掉；失败；分解 break out 爆发；突然发生 break in 闯入；插话 break off 折断；中止 break through 突破 break up 解散；结束；破裂 完成句子 ‎①It is important for us to break_away_from the old beliefs which are out of date and impractical.‎ 摆脱过时且不实用的陈旧传统观念对我们来说是很重要的。‎ ‎②A fire broke_out during the night.‎ 夜间突发了火灾。‎ ‎③Scientists say they're beginning to break_through in the fight against cancer.‎ 科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。‎ ‎④He broke_into the discussion with a shout of warning.‎ 他大声警告，打断了讨论。‎ ‎⑤You should break_away_from_such_bad_habits as soon as possible. Only in this way will_you_have_a_strong_body.‎ 你应该尽快改掉这样的坏习惯，只有这样，你才会有健康的体魄。‎ 重点词汇点拨 ‎1．relevant adj. 相关的；切题的；有意义的 ‎(1)be relevant to 和……有关 ‎(2)relevance n. 相关性；关联；实用性 have relevance to 与……有关 I don't think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.‎ ‎→I don't think what he said has_relevance_to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.‎ ‎2．coincidence n. 巧合；同时发生；一致 ‎(1)by coincidence 碰巧，巧合的是 pure coincidence 纯属巧合 It is/was a coincidence that ... ……是巧合的 What a coincidence! 真巧！‎ ‎(2)coincident adj. 巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的 ‎①By_coincidence,_they met again after losing contact for twenty years.‎ 由于巧合，他们在失去联系20年后又相遇了。‎ ‎②It was simply one of those things, pure_coincidence.‎ 这是没办法的事，纯属巧合。‎ ‎3．on somebody's behalf 代表……‎ on behalf of sb.＝on sb.'s behalf 代表……‎ in behalf of sb.＝in sb.'s behalf [US]做某人的代表或代言人；为了帮助某人 On_behalf_of my whole family, I thank you for your help.‎ 我代表我全家，感谢你的帮助。‎ ‎4．arm vt. 武装 arm sb. with... 用……武装　　　be armed with... 装备有 arms n. 武器，兵器 appeal to arms 诉诸武力 take up arms 拿起武器 lay down arms 放下武器 改写句子(用过去分词作状语)‎ The soldiers who were armed with bows and arrows were preparing for the next battle.‎ ‎→Armed_with_bows_and_arrows,_the soldiers were preparing for the next battle.‎ ‎5．rough adj.艰难的；混乱的；粗糙的；粗俗的；粗略的；未加工的；狂暴的 ‎(1)be rough on 对……粗暴苛刻 in rough 概略地；粗略地 ‎(2)roughly speaking 大致说来；粗略地说 ‎①The boss was_rough_on him, which made him angry.‎ 老板对他很苛刻，这让他很生气。‎ ‎②Roughly_speaking，I would say that about 100 people attended the exhibition.‎ 粗略地说来，我想大约有100人参观了展览。‎ 典型句式精析 ‎1．In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus... ‎ 在过去的几十年里，科学家们一致认为……‎ 句中时间状语in the last few decades 常与现在完成时搭配。‎ 下列时间状语常与完成时连用：‎ ‎①in/over/during/for the last(past)few days/weeks/months/years ‎②recently/lately/just/already/yet/up to now/till now/so far/these days ‎③for＋一段时间 ‎④since＋时间点 单句语法填空 ‎①In the last decade, China has_seen (see) a great many changes.‎ ‎②I have_heard (hear) from her now and then in the past few years.‎ ‎③Rents in that city have_shot (shoot) up in the last few months.2.Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.‎ 如果考虑到这些数据，人类的活动与全球升温似乎不仅仅是一种巧合。‎ 本句中given 为介词，意思为“鉴于；考虑到”。‎ ‎(1)given that...“考虑到”，连词，引导条件状语从句。当given为形容词时，意为“特定的，预定的”。‎ ‎(2)与given that...用法相似的表达还有：‎ ‎①considering (that) ... 考虑到，鉴于 ‎②seeing (that)．.. 既然，鉴于 ‎③provided/providing (that)．.. 假定……‎ ‎④assuming (that)．.. 假设，如果 ‎⑤suppose/supposing (that)．.. 假如，如果 单句语法填空 ‎①Given (give) the present conditions, I think she's done rather well.‎ ‎②Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.‎ ‎③At a given (give) time we'll all start shouting and cheering.‎ ‎④We will be there provided (provide) we don't waste time.‎ ‎⑤Considering (consider) the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.‎ ‎3．The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.‎ 近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。‎ 句中the last few years作主语，see作谓语，意为“经历；目睹”，这种拟人修辞手法表达既简练又生动。‎ ‎(1)see 意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常用表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词或短语作主语，表示某时或某地目睹、发生、经历了某事。‎ ‎(2)与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, say, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①The National Day of 2019 saw (see) so many traffic jams on the expressway.‎ ‎②Our hometown has_witnessed (witness) great changes since the reform and opening policies started.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 The two stone lions standing in front of Tian'anmen saw/witnessed many great historic events.‎ ‎ 天安门前的这两只石狮目睹了许多重大的历史事件。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The man trapped (困住) under the mine for 170 hours was rescued by the soldiers in the end.‎ ‎2．All children should be encouraged to develop their full potential (潜能)．‎ ‎3．A paper relevant (与……有关) to this research was published by him.‎ ‎4．You mustn't sacrifice (牺牲) environment to promote economic growth.‎ ‎5．He is a person strongly advocating (提倡) living a peaceful life, because he is a peace lover and against any types of war.‎ ‎6．If you cannot go yourself, please find someone to substitute (代替) you.‎ ‎7．The terrorists are threatening (威胁) to blow up the building if we don't meet their demands.‎ ‎8．Experts suggest that we should adopt (采用)the new educating system to meet the development of the economy.‎ ‎9．They are potential (潜在的) powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgement, creative ideas—even physical strength greater than most of us realize.‎ ‎10．For most people, the car is still their main means (方式) of transport.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎(一)单元知识点 ‎1．During the civil war thousands of people fled (flee) the country.‎ ‎2．In other words, the energy and agricultural (agriculture) policies of the developed world are to burn food.‎ ‎3．The conservation (conserve) of the wild animals deserved to be paid attention to.‎ ‎4．Because of illegal (legal) logging, and forest fires, the world's forests are disappearing.‎ ‎5．He sharpened (sharp) his knife before he cut up the wood.‎ ‎6．It's considerate (consider) of the waitress to warm the plate before she serves the food.‎ ‎7．It was not until I completed the form that I realized that half the questions were not relevant to me.‎ ‎8．The changeable (change) weather is bad for the growth of the crops.‎ ‎9．We should raise people's awareness (aware) of protecting the river.‎ ‎10．It is roughly (rough) estimated that five thousand people died in the earthquake.‎ ‎11．He looked puzzled because what the teacher said in class was far beyond his understanding.‎ ‎12．He avoided quarrelling (quarrel) with his wife by keeping silent.‎ ‎13．We have a team armed (arm) with both capital and human resources.‎ ‎14．Due to the injury, he was_condemned (condemn) to spend the rest of the football season on the bench.‎ ‎15．The separation (separate) between us has proved to be a blessing for me.‎ ‎(二)单元语法 ‎16．The food will get burned/burnt (burn) if you don't take it away from the fire.‎ ‎17．Despite being_taken (take) from very different sources, the results are remarkably consistent.‎ ‎18．I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was_held (hold) back thankfully by the shop window.‎ ‎19．Apple Days are being_held (hold) at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards.‎ ‎20．In the late 1980s, the last few condors were_taken (take) from the wild to be bred.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Without air, human being will not be able to survive.will改为would ‎2．Seizing the chance, otherwise you'll regret it.Seizing改为Seize ‎3．In the past few years thousands of films have produced all over the world.have后加been ‎4．We must obey the principle all men are innocent until they are proved guilty.all前加that ‎5．Having trapped in the traffic jam for hours, he became impatient.Having后加been Ⅳ.选词填空 in turn， earn one's living， apart from， answer for， look ahead， carry off， ahead of， lead to， refer to， by coincidence ‎1．This policy will lead_to greater instability in the region.‎ ‎2．Apart_from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.‎ ‎3．Your attitude affects others, which in_turn affects you.‎ ‎4．His parents died when he was 17, so he had to earn_his_living on his own.‎ ‎5．If you go on doing this, you will answer_for the consequences.‎ ‎6．Look_ahead in the distance, and you can see the lights of the village.‎ ‎7．I thought we'd be late for the concert, but we ended up getting there ahead_of time.‎ ‎8．Thieves carried_off the farmer's sheep during the night.‎ ‎9．By_coincidence,_I met the person we'd been discussing the next day.‎ ‎10．The girl always refers_to the reference books as her good friends and helpers.‎ Ⅴ.完成句子 ‎1．As we all know, success lies in hard work while laziness leads_to failure.‎ 众所周知成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。‎ ‎2．Without your help, I wouldn't_have_passed_the_test.‎ 没有你的帮助，我是不可能通过考试的。‎ ‎3．The number of unemployed people in Poland ‎ has_grown_by_more_than_a_quarter in the last month.‎ 上个月，波兰的失业人数增长超过了1/4。‎ ‎4．By_means_of the Internet, we can keep in touch by sending emails.‎ 借助于网络，我们可以通过发电子邮件保持联系。‎ ‎5．The_last_30_years_have_witnessed/seen the rapid development of China.‎ 过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。‎ ‎6．My mother encouraged me and insisted that I_(should)_continue_my_education.‎ 妈妈鼓励我，而且坚持要求我继续我的教育。‎ ‎7．It_is_our_turn_to look after our families since we have grown up.‎ 既然我们已经长大了，该轮到我们照顾我们的家庭了。‎ ‎8．Given_her_interest_in_children，I'm sure teaching is the right career for her.‎ 考虑到她对孩子的关注，我可以肯定教书是适合她的职业。‎ Ⅵ.课文语法填空 Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature, __1__ in turn leads to climate change. Scientists hold the view that it could be one of the biggest environmental problems __2__ (face) the 21st century. Some of the scientists have reported that it is human beings that __3__ (cause) changes in the Earth's climate; for in the last 50 years, gases pumped into the Earth's atmosphere by the factories and vehicles __4__ (be) speeding up the process of global warming. It seems that the link between human activities and __5__ (rise) global temperatures is not __6__ (mere) a coincidence according to some data. If we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge __7__ (quantity), we are condemning life on Earth __8__ should expect severe consequences. After all, there's no substitute __9__ our Earth, so each person should take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide together with the governments __10__ (save) the Earth.‎ ‎1．which　2.facing　3.are_causing　4.have_been ‎5．rising　6.merely　7.quantities　8.and ‎9．for　10.to_save Ⅶ.话题写作 假如你是李华，近日你所在的学校开展了“为建设节约型社会献一计”主题活动，同学们提出了许多建议。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文。‎ ‎1．不浪费粮食和纸张；‎ ‎2．尽量不使用方便筷、塑料袋；‎ ‎3．毕业生将书赠给低年级同学循环使用。‎ 注意：1.不要逐字翻译，可适当增加细节；‎ ‎2．词数：100左右，开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3．参考词汇：方便筷 disposable chopsticks。‎ Recently, there has been an activity of “doing your bit for an energysaving society” in our school. Our_schoolmates_are_highly_concerned_about_the_increasing_lack_of_energy_and_provide_their_own_suggestions.‎ Some_students_suggest_that_we_shouldn't_waste_any_food_or_paper,_though_they_appear_very_easy_to_get._Meanwhile,_some_other_students_think_it_advisable_to_refuse_to_use_disposable_chopsticks_and_plastic_bags._Besides,_it_is_also_strongly_recommended_that_those_used_textbooks_as_well_as_reference_books_of_graduates,_which_are_still_in_good_condition,_not_be_thrown_but_recycled._Actually,_there_are_still_quite_a_lot_that_we_can_easily_do:_say,_try_to_take_buses_or_ride_bicycles_instead_of_driving_cars,_etc._All_of_these_will_definitely_help_to_build_an_energysaving_society.‎ 学习至此，请完成课时作业43～44‎