外研版八年级下册英语同步教学课件-Present Perfect Tense Revision 30页

可参考语言材料 • Have you read …yet? • Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. • Has he/she read …yet? • Yes, he/she has. • No, he/she hasn’t. Have you read these books? the water park the zoo the amusement park 可参考语言材料 • A: Have you ever been to…? • B: Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. • A: I’ve been to …many times. • B: Me, too. toy bear Do you have …at home? How long have you had the …? I have had …for …years./since …years ago. for+时间段；since+过去的时间点， 是现在完成时的标志词。 old bookscap 一、现在完成时的结构： 动词的过去分词的变化规则 （一）规则变化： （助动词）have/has+动词的过去分词 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。 如：like → liked → liked; phone → phoned → phoned 如： pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; 3.以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i， 再加-ed。如： 4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动 词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如： stop → stopped → stopped; plan → planned → planned 不规则变化： 1. AAA式，如： let → let → let cut → cut → cut put → put → put cost → cost → cost 2. ABB式，如： feel → felt → felt keep → kept → kept 3. ABA式如： 4. ABC式如： be → was/were → been swim →swam →swum drink →drank →drunk come → came → come beat → beat → beaten 5.AAB式如： Write the forms of the past tense and past participle: be _________ ______ see ______ ______ read ______ ______ leave ______ ______ come ______ ______ was/were been saw seen read read left left came come １.“完成法”（基本用法）：表示过去发生或已经完成的 某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 标志词:already、 never、 ever、just、 yet 、before 、 twice, so far等。 ２.“未完成法”：表示动作或状态从过去已经开始，持 续到现在并有可能延续到将来。 标志词:for＋一段时间； since＋过去时间状语或一般过去时的句子。 二、现在完成时的用法： 三、现在完成时的各种句式： 　１.陈述句： 　２.否定句： 3.一般疑问句： 4.特殊疑问句： 主语＋ have/has+过去分词＋其它成分。 主语＋have/has +not+过去分词＋其它成分。 Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋其它成分？ Yes，主语＋ have/has. No,主语＋haven’t / hasn’ t. 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语+过去分词+其它成分？ 四、中考考点解读： 考点一：考查基本用法 例如： His parents look very sad . Maybe they ____what's happened to him . 　　Ａ. knew 　　　 Ｂ. have known 　　Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 　简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造 成的影响，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大， 往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上 两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。 Ｂ 考点二：考查时间状语 （　） 例1. Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. before Ｂ. ago Ｃ. just Ｄ. a moment ago 　 （　）例2.—Our country has changed a lot ______. 　 —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . 　 Ａ.so far; well 　　　 Ｂ. before ; good 　　Ｃ. so far; better 　　 Ｄ. before ; better （　）例3. Zhao Lan has already studied in this school_______. 　Ａ. two years 　　 　 Ｂ. since two years 　　 　　Ｃ. for two years 　　　 Ｄ. two years ago （　）例4. We have known Xiao Li_____ she was a little girl . Ａ. for Ｂ. while Ｃ. since Ｄ. when （　）例5. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I have seen it_____ . Ａ. two 　Ｂ. twice Ｃ. second Ｄ.a second A Ｃ Ｃ Ｃ Ｂ 现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类： ⑴现在完成时常与（已经) ,（刚刚，正好） ， （曾经） ,（从来，也不；从不） ,（以前) ， （仍然） 等连用。 　 (2)现在完成时时常与“ +时间段或 +过去时间点”连用 （或+过去时从句）。 　 (3)现在完成时还与（一次） ,（两次） ， （三次) 等表示重复次数的词语连用。 (4)现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last +一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表 示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一 时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。 already just ever never before yet for since once twice three times 考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别 例1.—These farmers have been to the United States . 　　—Really ? When ___ there ? Ａ. will they go 　　　Ｂ. did they go 　 Ｃ. do they go 　　　　Ｄ. have they gone 例2.—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . Ａ. Did ; do ; finished 　 　B. Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished 　 Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 简析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的 动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个 时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在 于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现 在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故例１、 ２的正确答案皆为B。 B B 现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和 since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，非延续性 动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列方法： 考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法 将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法 1)直接用延续性动词 buy– put on-- catch (get) a cold – borrow— come/go /become— 2)转换成be+名词 join the Party – have wear have a cold keep be be a party member 3)转换成be+形容词或副词 die— finish – begin— leave – fall asleep – close – 4)转换成 be+介词短语 go to school– be in school join the army – be in the army be dead be over be on be away (from) be asleep be closed 非延续性动词的用法中考真题 1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 2. Hurry up! The play ________ for ten minutes . Ａ.has begun Ｂ.had begun Ｃ.has been on Ｄ.began 3.—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months . Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived D C A 非延续性动词的用法中考真题 4. His uncle died two years ago .（同义句） His uncle has ______ _______ for two years. 5. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother ______ the Party three years _____ . been dead joined ago √ × × × √ × √ √ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) a.I have bought a new dictionary for a week. b.I have had a new dictionary for a week. 我买一本新词典已有一星期了。 b.They have come here for two days. a.They have been here for two days. 他们来这儿已经两天了。 a.He has joined the Party for two years. b.He has been a Party member for two years. 他已入党两年了。 a.The man has been dead for several years. b.The man has died for several years. 这个人已经死了几年了。 考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与 have/has gone to的区别 例1. Miss Green isn‘t in the office . She_______ to the library . Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 例2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to　 Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ.have been 简析：“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地 （还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时 间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去 过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。 A A 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.She ____ _______ (finish) her homework already. 2._____ you ever______ ( see) my pen? 3.Jim’s father __________(live) in London for 20 years. 4. ---- ______ you______ (be) to France? --- Yes, I ______ (go) there last year. 5. They _____ _____ (have) the building since three years ago. 6. ----______Mr Green _______ (write) the novel? ----Not yet. has finished Have seen has lived Have been went have had Has written 二、现在完成时的用法 一、现在完成时的结构 三、现在完成时的各种句式 四、中考考点解读 § 课后提升 § 1、必做作业：巩固本节所复习的语法内容，把错题整理在 错题本上。 § 2、你对现在完成时态还有什么疑惑？ § _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________