初三英语上册unit1知识点复习 10页

Unit 1 How do you study for a test ?‎ ‎（一）学习目标（Language Goal）‎ ‎ 1. Talk about how to study . 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。‎ ‎ 2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。‎ ‎（二）语言结构（Language Structures）‎ ‎ 1. Verb + by with gerund by＋动名词短语 表示“通过…途径，方法”‎ ‎ 2. How questions have引导的特殊疑问句 ‎（三）目标语言（Target Language）‎ ‎ 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的？‎ ‎ Well , I study by working with my classmates. ‎ ‎ 哦，我和同学们一起学习。‎ ‎ 2. Have you ever studied with a group ? ‎ ‎ 你曾经参加过学习小组吗？‎ ‎ Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way . ‎ ‎ 是的，参加过。通过这种方式我学了许多。‎ ‎ 3. I don’t have a partner to practice English with . ‎ ‎ 我没有同伴可以练习英语。‎ ‎ Maybe you should join an English club. ‎ ‎ 或许，你应该参加一个英语俱乐部。‎ ‎ 4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ? ‎ ‎ 大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？‎ ‎ Why don’t you join an English language club ? ‎ ‎ 你为什么不参加一个英语俱乐部呢？‎ ‎（四）Key words and phrases （重点词汇）‎ ‎ 1. flashcard n. 抽认卡 ‎ 2. frustrating a. 令人沮丧的 ‎ 3. memorize v. 记忆，背诵 ‎ 4. aloud adv. 出声地、高声地 ‎ 5. comma n. 逗号 ‎ 6. pronunciation n. 发音 ‎ 7. solution n. 解决办法 ‎ 8. not at all 根本（不） 全然（不）‎ ‎ 9. end up 结束，告…终 ‎ 10. make mistakes 犯错 ‎ 11. later on 以后；随后 ‎ 12. be afraid to 害怕去做 ‎ 13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）‎ ‎ 14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 ‎ 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做…‎ ‎ 16. native speaker 说本族语的人 ‎ 17. make up 组成、构成 ‎（四）重点、难点：（Key points and difficulties）‎ ‎ 1. by 介词，表示“通过…方法或途径”的意思，译成“靠、通过”‎ ‎ by后面可以加名词或动名词短语 ‎ eg. ‎ ‎ （1）The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。‎ ‎ （2）travel by air （land , sea）航空（陆路、航海）旅行。‎ ‎ （3）go by train （boat , bus）乘火车（船，公共汽车）去 ‎ （4）shake sb by the hand 和某人握手 ‎ （5）I study English by watching English movies. 我通过看英文电影学英语。‎ ‎ 另外，by做为介词的含义有很多，我们也已经学习过一些用法，总结如下 ‎ （1）在…旁边、靠近 ‎ eg. There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个电厂。‎ ‎ （2）沿着、经由eg. come by the highway 由公路来 ‎ （3）由于 eg. by mistake 由于差错 ‎ （4）被、由 eg. some articles written by Luxun. 一些由鲁迅写的文章 ‎ （5）（表示面积）eg. a room 5m,by4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间 ‎ （6）逐批 eg. One by one 一个接一个 ‎ （7）表示方法、途径 如上 ‎ 2. “How”questions ‎ How 引导特殊疑问句，有两种含义 ‎ （1）表示问候 ‎ ‎ eg. How do you do ? ‎ ‎ How are you ? ‎ ‎ How’s everything going ? ‎ ‎ （2）表示“怎样”‎ ‎ eg. How is your new house ? ‎ ‎ 你的新房子怎么样？‎ ‎ It’s great. ‎ ‎ 它太棒了。‎ ‎ How do you learn English ? ‎ ‎ 你是怎样学英文的？‎ ‎ I learn English by reading lots of English magazines. ‎ ‎ 我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文。‎ ‎ 请同学们注意how和what引导的疑问句是不一样的，不能混淆。‎ ‎ how通常对程度或方式进行提问，意为“怎么样”，回答通常做状语或表语，what 常对动作的发出者或接受者进行提问，意为“什么”，回答通常主语或宾语。‎ ‎ 试比较：‎ ‎ （1）How is your summer holiday ? It is perfect. （表程度，表语）‎ ‎ （2）How did you travel around the world ? ‎ ‎ I travelled by bike. （表方式，状语）‎ ‎ （3）What do you learn at school ? ‎ ‎ I learn Chinese , English , Maths and other subjects. ‎ ‎ （学习的科目，做宾语）‎ ‎ 3. 在这一单元中出现的话题是“讨论如何学习”。这个话题既有趣又实用，既能锻炼我们的口语表达能力，又能使我们学到一些实用的方法，对自身的学习大有帮助。如何向别人请教学习方法呢？又如何回答呢？‎ ‎ 请诵读下面的目标句型：‎ ‎ How do you study English ? （运用特殊疑问句）‎ ‎ I study by listening to cassetts. （听录音带）‎ ‎ I study by studying with a group. （和小组一起学习）‎ ‎ by watching English programs on TV. （看英语电视节目）‎ ‎ by enjoying English songs. （听英文歌）‎ ‎ by taking part in English classes after school . （上课外英语班）‎ ‎ by getting an English tutor. （请英语家教）‎ ‎ by reading English magazines and newspaper . （读英文杂志、报纸）‎ ‎ by surfing the internet. （网上冲浪）‎ ‎ by making flashcards. （制作单词认读卡片）‎ ‎ by reading the textbook. （读教科书）‎ ‎ by asking the teacher for help. （请教老师）‎ ‎ by making vocabulary lists. （列单词表）‎ ‎ by taking notes carefully . （认真记笔记）‎ ‎ by having the English class carefully . （认真上课）‎ ‎ by finishing my homework seriously . （认真完成作业）‎ ‎ Do you learn English by …? （用一般疑问句）‎ ‎ Yes , I do . / No , I don’t. ‎ ‎ Have you ever studied with a group ? （用完成时态）‎ ‎ Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way. ‎ ‎ What about listening to cassettes ? ［用what about ＋动名词 提问］‎ ‎ I do that sometimes. I think it helps. ‎ ‎ 4. 学会评价各种学习方法的优劣（Comment on the ways of learning English）‎ ‎ 看到了上面各种各样的学习方法，有些眼花缭乱。其实，并不是所有的方法都适合自己。我们要学会判断、评价，然后才能选择最适合自己的 ‎ 用哪些语言才能表达自己的评价呢？请看下面的目标句型：‎ I think studying English by …is…because …‎ ‎ 如：I think studying English by working with a group is a good way because you can ask others when you have questions. ‎ ‎ I think surfing the internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer and always waste your time. ‎ ‎ …‎ ‎ 这个句型较长是个复合句，出现了由because ‎ 引导的原因状语从句。进入初三后，我们在写作表达时，要避免再使用仅仅由because 引导的句子，而要写完整的句子。‎ ‎ 如：不能写Because I slept late . 意思不完整，不清晰 ‎ 要写成I missed the early bus because I slept late . ‎ ‎ 这样，有原因，有结果，才是完整的句子。‎ ‎ 5. 找出自己在英语学习中的困难 （Find out your own difficulties in learning English）‎ ‎ 要选择适合自己的学习方法，还必须清楚自己的困难所在，然后才能有的放矢。‎ ‎ learning English can be difficult . What things are difficult for you ? ‎ ‎ 我们如何来表达自己学习与遇到的困难呢？如何给出建议呢？‎ ‎ 请诵读下面的目标句型：说出困难：‎ ‎ I have a problem . I can’t remember the new words. ‎ ‎ I can’t pronounce some of the words. ‎ ‎ I can’t understand spoken English . ‎ ‎ I always make mistakes in grammer. ‎ ‎ I read very slowly. ‎ ‎ I don’t know how to speak English well. ‎ ‎ 给出建议：‎ ‎ You should read English aloud. ‎ ‎ Listening can help. ‎ ‎ Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking. ‎ ‎ Would you mind remembering new words by flashcards. ‎ ‎ Please try to talk with your friends in English as much as possible. ‎ ‎ （请注意不同句式的运用）‎ ‎ 6. 选择适合自己的学习方法（Choose your suitable learning ways）‎ ‎ 通过以上各个环节的学习，我们终于可以完成最后的目标－－选择适合自己的方法。‎ ‎ 如何表达呢？目标句型如下：（注意要给出原因，练习使用because）‎ I (don’t) think I can study English by … , because …‎ ‎ （1）I think I can study English by listening to English songs because I love music too. ‎ ‎ （2）I don’t think I can get an English tutor because I want to learn by myself at home. ‎ ‎ 找到适合自己的方法，写出至少五句。‎ ‎（六）3a in Section A 疑难解释 ‎ 1. ‎ ‎ eg. He asked his mother to buy him a new bicycle. ‎ ‎ 他请求他母亲给他买一辆新自行车。‎ ‎ 2. Many said they learnt by using English . ‎ ‎ 许多（学生）说他们通过使用英语来学习。‎ ‎ Many在这里是代词，而不是形容词，意为Many students. ‎ ‎ Many is a large number of something. ‎ ‎ 例如：We can put away many of these plates . We don’t need this many. ‎ ‎ 我们可以把许多盘子收起来，用不着这么多。‎ ‎ 3. ‎ ‎ eg. I felt frustrated at that time. 那时，我觉得很沮丧。‎ ‎ 类似的还有 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 请同学们在学习中注意收集 ‎ 4. not at all 根本不，全然不 ‎ eg. My brother did not like the scarf at all. ‎ ‎ not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 ‎ 5. get excited 变得兴奋起来 get是系动词，有“逐渐变得”的含义 ‎ get + adj ‎ ‎ eg. get mad 生气 ‎ get clear变得清楚了 ‎ The long journey got the children all tired. ‎ ‎ 长途旅行使得孩子们疲惫不堪。‎ ‎ 6. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 后面加动名词短语 ‎ 相当于finish doing sth . ‎ ‎ 但要注意与stop doing sth 的区别 ‎ ‎ ‎ eg. We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door. ‎ ‎ 另外，end up with … 以…结束 ‎ The party ended up with her singing. ‎ ‎ 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。‎ ‎ 7. 在3a中，出现了大量的动名词。我们有必要了解动名词的结构及用法，动名词即动词的ing形式，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。‎ ‎ eg. ‎ ‎ （1）I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of learning. ‎ ‎ doing …为动名词短语，做从句中的主语，而listening 做定语，修饰practice. ‎ ‎ （2）I’m enjoying learning English . （动名词短语做宾语）‎ ‎ （3）Seeing is believing 眼见为实（Seeing 做主语，believing 做表语）‎ ‎（七）3a in Section B 疑难解析 ‎ 1. First of all , it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher. ‎ ‎ 首先，对我而言，听懂老师的话并不容易。‎ ‎ first of all 首先 ‎ It is (was) …for sb to do sth . ‎ ‎ 在这个句型中，不定式做真正的主语，it是形式主语。‎ ‎ 2. 一些词组 ‎ laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 ‎ take notes 记笔记 ‎ enjoy doing sth 乐意做某事 ‎ be impressed 深受感动的 ‎ 3. 在这篇文章中，出现了许多表示顺序或承接的连词或词组。这些词使全文流畅、生动、层次清晰，条理清楚。在写作中，正确使用连接词，会使文章增色不少，提高档次。在文章中，出现的词有：‎ ‎ first of all 首先 ‎ to begin with 一开始 ‎ later on 后来、随 ‎ also 也、而且（用于肯定句）‎ ‎ either 也（用于否定句）‎ ‎ so 因此 ‎ then然后 同步达纲练习 I.‎‎ 翻译下列单词或词组 ‎ 1. 令人沮丧的________ 2. 背诵、记忆________‎ ‎ 3. 出声地、高声地________ 4. 发音（v.）________‎ ‎ 5. 解决方法________ 6. 根本不________‎ ‎ 7. 结束做某事________ 8. 犯错________‎ ‎ 9. 害怕做某事________ 10. 说本族语的人________‎ ‎ 11. 笑话某人________ 12. 做笔记________‎ ‎ 13. 喜欢、乐意做某事________‎ ‎ 14. 组成、构成________‎ II. 连词成句 ‎ 1. study , How , you , do , for , test a ‎ ‎ __________________________ ? ‎ ‎ 2. by study listening to , I , cassettes ‎ __________________________. ‎ ‎ 3. you , do , by , learn , reading , English , aloud ‎ ‎ __________________________? ‎ ‎ 4. should , find , you , pen pal a ‎ ‎ __________________________. ‎ ‎ 5. can’t , a lot of , I , new , words , memorize ‎ __________________________‎ III. 将下列方法及理由搭配起来，组成相应的句子 ‎ Ways ‎ ‎ 1. by memorizing the words of pop songs ‎ 2. by reading English magazines ‎ 3. by using English ‎ ‎ 4. by studying grammar ‎ 5. by watching English movies ‎ 6. by joining the English club at school ‎ ‎ 7. by having conversations with friends ‎ Reasons : ‎ ‎ A. because we can practice more and study English well. ‎ ‎ B. because the native speakers speak too quickly . ‎ ‎ C. because it is a great way to learn sentence structures. ‎ ‎ D. because we can get lots of practice and also have fun . ‎ ‎ E. because it is the best way to learn new words ‎ F. because we get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese ‎ G. because it can help us learn new words ‎ Model : （1）I think I can study English by listening to English because I love music . ‎ ‎ （2）I don’t think I can study English by getting an English tutor because I will spend too much money . ‎ ‎ 1. __________________________‎ ‎ 2. __________________________‎ ‎ 3. __________________________‎ ‎ 4. __________________________‎ ‎ 5. __________________________‎ ‎ 6. __________________________‎ ‎ 7. __________________________‎ IV. 写作：谈一谈自己学习的情况，包括你遇到的困难，你的解决方法以及未来的学习计划。50字左右 My English learning ‎（A）‎ ‎ People living in different countries made different kinds of words . Today there are about fifteen hundred languages in the world . Each contains many thousands of words . A very large dictionary , for example , contains four or five hundred thousand words . But we do not need all these . To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words . Before you leave school , you will learn only one thousand or more . ‎ ‎ The words you know are called your vocabulary . You should try to make your vocabulary bigger . Read as many books as you can . There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read . You will enjoy them . When you meet a new word , find it in your dictionary . Your dictionary is your most useful book . ‎ ‎ Training Base （阅读理解练习）‎ ‎ 根据短文选择最佳答案：‎ ‎ 1. The number of different languages spoken is about ______. ‎ ‎ A. 150 B. 15,000‎ ‎ C. 500 D. 1,500‎ ‎ 2. Before you leave your school , you’ll learn _____. ‎ ‎ A. only two thousand words ‎ B. five hundred thousand words ‎ C. more than one thousand words ‎ D. three or four thousand words ‎ 3. To make your vocabulary bigger , you must ______. ‎ ‎ A. get as many dictionaries as you can ‎ ‎ B. read as many books as you can ‎ ‎ C. buy a lot of books ‎ D. have a very large English dictionary ‎ ‎ 4. You will enjoy ______. ‎ ‎ A. the books written in easy English ‎ B. your dictionary ‎ C. your new words ‎ D. finding new words in a dictionary ‎ 根据短文翻译下列句子：‎ ‎ 5. A very large dictionary , for example , contains four or five hundred thousand words. ‎ ‎ ___________________________________‎ ‎ 6. There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read. ‎ ‎ ____________________________‎ ‎（B）限时阅读 ‎ Small children often laugh at the short ones or at someone who isn’t dressed as well as they are . But as they grow up , they learn not to hurt people’s feelings by laughing at their problems . They learn to laugh at other things . Most important they learn to laugh at themselves. ‎ ‎ Suppose （假设）you’re playing a game . You make a mistake and lose . Do you become angry ? Or can you laugh at yourself and hope to do better next time ? Suppose you are at a special dinner . You at times spill （溅）some food . Why keep worrying about how clumsy （笨拙）you looked ? Why not laugh it off and enjoy yourself any way ? If you can , it’s a good sign you’ve really grown up . ‎ Answer the questions ‎（ ）1. This article is mostly about ______. ‎ ‎ A. why laughter is good for your body ‎ ‎ B. what you should laugh at ‎ ‎ C. where you may laugh ‎ D. who you may laugh ‎（ ）2. The writer says small children laugh at people who ______. ‎ ‎ A. have problems B. not to be worried ‎ C. dress well D. play games ‎（ ）3. Next the writer shows how laughter could help you ______. ‎ ‎ A. not to spill food B. not to be worried ‎ C. not to enjoy yourself D. to grow up ‎（ ）4. The most important thing is to learn how to laugh at ______. ‎ ‎ A. jokes B. pictures ‎ C. children D. yourself ‎（ ）5. The writer shows how laughter could help you not to ______. ‎ ‎ A. make a mistake B. lose game ‎ C. become angry D. try again 参考答案:‎ I. 1. frustrating 2. memorize 3. aloud ‎ 4. pronounce 5. solution 6. not at all ‎ 7. end up doing sth 8. make mistakes ‎ 9. be afraid to 10. native speaker ‎ 11. laugh at sb 12. take notes ‎ 13. enjoy doing sth 14. make up ‎ II. ‎ ‎ 1. How do you study for a test ? ‎ ‎ 2. I study by listening to cassettes . ‎ ‎ 3. Do you learn English by reading aloud ? ‎ ‎ 4. You should find a pepal . ‎ ‎ 5. I can’t memorize a lot of new words.‎ ‎ （答案不唯一）‎ III. ‎ ‎ 1. I think I can study English by memorizing the words of pop songs because it is the best way to learn new words. ‎ ‎ 2. I think I can study English by reading English magazines because it can help us learn new words . ‎ ‎ 3. I think I can study by using English because we can practice more and study English well . ‎ ‎ 4. I think I can study by studying grammar because it is a great way to learn sentence structures. ‎ ‎ 5. I don’t think I can learn English by watching English movies because the native speakers speak too quickly . ‎ ‎ 6. I don’t think I can study English by having conversations with friends because we get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. ‎ ‎ 7. I think I can learn English by joining the English club at school because we can get lots of practice and also have fun . ‎ IV. 略 V. 阅读 ‎ A. 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A ‎ 5. 比如，一本大字典包含40万到50万个单词 ‎ 6. 有大量的简易英语读物，你可以阅读。‎ ‎ B. 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C