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初三英语上册unit1知识点复习

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Unit 1 How do you study for a test ?‎ ‎(一)学习目标(Language Goal)‎ ‎ 1. Talk about how to study . 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。‎ ‎ 2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。‎ ‎(二)语言结构(Language Structures)‎ ‎ 1. Verb + by with gerund by+动名词短语 表示“通过…途径,方法”‎ ‎ 2. How questions have引导的特殊疑问句 ‎(三)目标语言(Target Language)‎ ‎ 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的?‎ ‎ Well , I study by working with my classmates. ‎ ‎ 哦,我和同学们一起学习。‎ ‎ 2. Have you ever studied with a group ? ‎ ‎ 你曾经参加过学习小组吗?‎ ‎ Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way . ‎ ‎ 是的,参加过。通过这种方式我学了许多。‎ ‎ 3. I don’t have a partner to practice English with . ‎ ‎ 我没有同伴可以练习英语。‎ ‎ Maybe you should join an English club. ‎ ‎ 或许,你应该参加一个英语俱乐部。‎ ‎ 4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ? ‎ ‎ 大声朗读来练习发音怎么样?‎ ‎ Why don’t you join an English language club ? ‎ ‎ 你为什么不参加一个英语俱乐部呢?‎ ‎(四)Key words and phrases (重点词汇)‎ ‎ 1. flashcard n. 抽认卡 ‎ 2. frustrating a. 令人沮丧的 ‎ 3. memorize v. 记忆,背诵 ‎ 4. aloud adv. 出声地、高声地 ‎ 5. comma n. 逗号 ‎ 6. pronunciation n. 发音 ‎ 7. solution n. 解决办法 ‎ 8. not at all 根本(不) 全然(不)‎ ‎ 9. end up 结束,告…终 ‎ 10. make mistakes 犯错 ‎ 11. later on 以后;随后 ‎ 12. be afraid to 害怕去做 ‎ 13. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人)‎ ‎ 14. take notes 做笔记,做记录 ‎ 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做…‎ ‎ 16. native speaker 说本族语的人 ‎ 17. make up 组成、构成 ‎(四)重点、难点:(Key points and difficulties)‎ ‎ 1. by 介词,表示“通过…方法或途径”的意思,译成“靠、通过”‎ ‎ by后面可以加名词或动名词短语 ‎ eg. ‎ ‎ (1)The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。‎ ‎ (2)travel by air (land , sea)航空(陆路、航海)旅行。‎ ‎ (3)go by train (boat , bus)乘火车(船,公共汽车)去 ‎ (4)shake sb by the hand 和某人握手 ‎ (5)I study English by watching English movies. 我通过看英文电影学英语。‎ ‎ 另外,by做为介词的含义有很多,我们也已经学习过一些用法,总结如下 ‎ (1)在…旁边、靠近 ‎ eg. There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个电厂。‎ ‎ (2)沿着、经由eg. come by the highway 由公路来 ‎ (3)由于 eg. by mistake 由于差错 ‎ (4)被、由 eg. some articles written by Luxun. 一些由鲁迅写的文章 ‎ (5)(表示面积)eg. a room 5m,by4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间 ‎ (6)逐批 eg. One by one 一个接一个 ‎ (7)表示方法、途径 如上 ‎ 2. “How”questions ‎ How 引导特殊疑问句,有两种含义 ‎ (1)表示问候 ‎ ‎ eg. How do you do ? ‎ ‎ How are you ? ‎ ‎ How’s everything going ? ‎ ‎ (2)表示“怎样”‎ ‎ eg. How is your new house ? ‎ ‎ 你的新房子怎么样?‎ ‎ It’s great. ‎ ‎ 它太棒了。‎ ‎ How do you learn English ? ‎ ‎ 你是怎样学英文的?‎ ‎ I learn English by reading lots of English magazines. ‎ ‎ 我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文。‎ ‎ 请同学们注意how和what引导的疑问句是不一样的,不能混淆。‎ ‎ how通常对程度或方式进行提问,意为“怎么样”,回答通常做状语或表语,what 常对动作的发出者或接受者进行提问,意为“什么”,回答通常主语或宾语。‎ ‎ 试比较:‎ ‎ (1)How is your summer holiday ? It is perfect. (表程度,表语)‎ ‎ (2)How did you travel around the world ? ‎ ‎ I travelled by bike. (表方式,状语)‎ ‎ (3)What do you learn at school ? ‎ ‎ I learn Chinese , English , Maths and other subjects. ‎ ‎ (学习的科目,做宾语)‎ ‎ 3. 在这一单元中出现的话题是“讨论如何学习”。这个话题既有趣又实用,既能锻炼我们的口语表达能力,又能使我们学到一些实用的方法,对自身的学习大有帮助。如何向别人请教学习方法呢?又如何回答呢?‎ ‎ 请诵读下面的目标句型:‎ ‎ How do you study English ? (运用特殊疑问句)‎ ‎ I study by listening to cassetts. (听录音带)‎ ‎ I study by studying with a group. (和小组一起学习)‎ ‎ by watching English programs on TV. (看英语电视节目)‎ ‎ by enjoying English songs. (听英文歌)‎ ‎ by taking part in English classes after school . (上课外英语班)‎ ‎ by getting an English tutor. (请英语家教)‎ ‎ by reading English magazines and newspaper . (读英文杂志、报纸)‎ ‎ by surfing the internet. (网上冲浪)‎ ‎ by making flashcards. (制作单词认读卡片)‎ ‎ by reading the textbook. (读教科书)‎ ‎ by asking the teacher for help. (请教老师)‎ ‎ by making vocabulary lists. (列单词表)‎ ‎ by taking notes carefully . (认真记笔记)‎ ‎ by having the English class carefully . (认真上课)‎ ‎ by finishing my homework seriously . (认真完成作业)‎ ‎ Do you learn English by …? (用一般疑问句)‎ ‎ Yes , I do . / No , I don’t. ‎ ‎ Have you ever studied with a group ? (用完成时态)‎ ‎ Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way. ‎ ‎ What about listening to cassettes ? [用what about +动名词 提问]‎ ‎ I do that sometimes. I think it helps. ‎ ‎ 4. 学会评价各种学习方法的优劣(Comment on the ways of learning English)‎ ‎ 看到了上面各种各样的学习方法,有些眼花缭乱。其实,并不是所有的方法都适合自己。我们要学会判断、评价,然后才能选择最适合自己的 ‎ 用哪些语言才能表达自己的评价呢?请看下面的目标句型:‎ I think studying English by …is…because …‎ ‎ 如:I think studying English by working with a group is a good way because you can ask others when you have questions. ‎ ‎ I think surfing the internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer and always waste your time. ‎ ‎ …‎ ‎ 这个句型较长是个复合句,出现了由because ‎ 引导的原因状语从句。进入初三后,我们在写作表达时,要避免再使用仅仅由because 引导的句子,而要写完整的句子。‎ ‎ 如:不能写Because I slept late . 意思不完整,不清晰 ‎ 要写成I missed the early bus because I slept late . ‎ ‎ 这样,有原因,有结果,才是完整的句子。‎ ‎ 5. 找出自己在英语学习中的困难 (Find out your own difficulties in learning English)‎ ‎ 要选择适合自己的学习方法,还必须清楚自己的困难所在,然后才能有的放矢。‎ ‎ learning English can be difficult . What things are difficult for you ? ‎ ‎ 我们如何来表达自己学习与遇到的困难呢?如何给出建议呢?‎ ‎ 请诵读下面的目标句型:说出困难:‎ ‎ I have a problem . I can’t remember the new words. ‎ ‎ I can’t pronounce some of the words. ‎ ‎ I can’t understand spoken English . ‎ ‎ I always make mistakes in grammer. ‎ ‎ I read very slowly. ‎ ‎ I don’t know how to speak English well. ‎ ‎ 给出建议:‎ ‎ You should read English aloud. ‎ ‎ Listening can help. ‎ ‎ Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking. ‎ ‎ Would you mind remembering new words by flashcards. ‎ ‎ Please try to talk with your friends in English as much as possible. ‎ ‎ (请注意不同句式的运用)‎ ‎ 6. 选择适合自己的学习方法(Choose your suitable learning ways)‎ ‎ 通过以上各个环节的学习,我们终于可以完成最后的目标--选择适合自己的方法。‎ ‎ 如何表达呢?目标句型如下:(注意要给出原因,练习使用because)‎ I (don’t) think I can study English by … , because …‎ ‎ (1)I think I can study English by listening to English songs because I love music too. ‎ ‎ (2)I don’t think I can get an English tutor because I want to learn by myself at home. ‎ ‎ 找到适合自己的方法,写出至少五句。‎ ‎(六)3a in Section A 疑难解释 ‎ 1. ‎ ‎ eg. He asked his mother to buy him a new bicycle. ‎ ‎ 他请求他母亲给他买一辆新自行车。‎ ‎ 2. Many said they learnt by using English . ‎ ‎ 许多(学生)说他们通过使用英语来学习。‎ ‎ Many在这里是代词,而不是形容词,意为Many students. ‎ ‎ Many is a large number of something. ‎ ‎ 例如:We can put away many of these plates . We don’t need this many. ‎ ‎ 我们可以把许多盘子收起来,用不着这么多。‎ ‎ 3. ‎ ‎ eg. I felt frustrated at that time. 那时,我觉得很沮丧。‎ ‎ 类似的还有 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 请同学们在学习中注意收集 ‎ 4. not at all 根本不,全然不 ‎ eg. My brother did not like the scarf at all. ‎ ‎ not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾 ‎ 5. get excited 变得兴奋起来 get是系动词,有“逐渐变得”的含义 ‎ get + adj ‎ ‎ eg. get mad 生气 ‎ get clear变得清楚了 ‎ The long journey got the children all tired. ‎ ‎ 长途旅行使得孩子们疲惫不堪。‎ ‎ 6. end up doing sth 终止做某事,结束做某事 后面加动名词短语 ‎ 相当于finish doing sth . ‎ ‎ 但要注意与stop doing sth 的区别 ‎ ‎ ‎ eg. We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door. ‎ ‎ 另外,end up with … 以…结束 ‎ The party ended up with her singing. ‎ ‎ 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。‎ ‎ 7. 在3a中,出现了大量的动名词。我们有必要了解动名词的结构及用法,动名词即动词的ing形式,相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。‎ ‎ eg. ‎ ‎ (1)I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of learning. ‎ ‎ doing …为动名词短语,做从句中的主语,而listening 做定语,修饰practice. ‎ ‎ (2)I’m enjoying learning English . (动名词短语做宾语)‎ ‎ (3)Seeing is believing 眼见为实(Seeing 做主语,believing 做表语)‎ ‎(七)3a in Section B 疑难解析 ‎ 1. First of all , it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher. ‎ ‎ 首先,对我而言,听懂老师的话并不容易。‎ ‎ first of all 首先 ‎ It is (was) …for sb to do sth . ‎ ‎ 在这个句型中,不定式做真正的主语,it是形式主语。‎ ‎ 2. 一些词组 ‎ laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 ‎ take notes 记笔记 ‎ enjoy doing sth 乐意做某事 ‎ be impressed 深受感动的 ‎ 3. 在这篇文章中,出现了许多表示顺序或承接的连词或词组。这些词使全文流畅、生动、层次清晰,条理清楚。在写作中,正确使用连接词,会使文章增色不少,提高档次。在文章中,出现的词有:‎ ‎ first of all 首先 ‎ to begin with 一开始 ‎ later on 后来、随 ‎ also 也、而且(用于肯定句)‎ ‎ either 也(用于否定句)‎ ‎ so 因此 ‎ then然后 同步达纲练习 I.‎‎ 翻译下列单词或词组 ‎ 1. 令人沮丧的________ 2. 背诵、记忆________‎ ‎ 3. 出声地、高声地________ 4. 发音(v.)________‎ ‎ 5. 解决方法________ 6. 根本不________‎ ‎ 7. 结束做某事________ 8. 犯错________‎ ‎ 9. 害怕做某事________ 10. 说本族语的人________‎ ‎ 11. 笑话某人________ 12. 做笔记________‎ ‎ 13. 喜欢、乐意做某事________‎ ‎ 14. 组成、构成________‎ II. 连词成句 ‎ 1. study , How , you , do , for , test a ‎ ‎ __________________________ ? ‎ ‎ 2. by study listening to , I , cassettes ‎ __________________________. ‎ ‎ 3. you , do , by , learn , reading , English , aloud ‎ ‎ __________________________? ‎ ‎ 4. should , find , you , pen pal a ‎ ‎ __________________________. ‎ ‎ 5. can’t , a lot of , I , new , words , memorize ‎ __________________________‎ III. 将下列方法及理由搭配起来,组成相应的句子 ‎ Ways ‎ ‎ 1. by memorizing the words of pop songs ‎ 2. by reading English magazines ‎ 3. by using English ‎ ‎ 4. by studying grammar ‎ 5. by watching English movies ‎ 6. by joining the English club at school ‎ ‎ 7. by having conversations with friends ‎ Reasons : ‎ ‎ A. because we can practice more and study English well. ‎ ‎ B. because the native speakers speak too quickly . ‎ ‎ C. because it is a great way to learn sentence structures. ‎ ‎ D. because we can get lots of practice and also have fun . ‎ ‎ E. because it is the best way to learn new words ‎ F. because we get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese ‎ G. because it can help us learn new words ‎ Model : (1)I think I can study English by listening to English because I love music . ‎ ‎ (2)I don’t think I can study English by getting an English tutor because I will spend too much money . ‎ ‎ 1. __________________________‎ ‎ 2. __________________________‎ ‎ 3. __________________________‎ ‎ 4. __________________________‎ ‎ 5. __________________________‎ ‎ 6. __________________________‎ ‎ 7. __________________________‎ IV. 写作:谈一谈自己学习的情况,包括你遇到的困难,你的解决方法以及未来的学习计划。50字左右 My English learning ‎(A)‎ ‎ People living in different countries made different kinds of words . Today there are about fifteen hundred languages in the world . Each contains many thousands of words . A very large dictionary , for example , contains four or five hundred thousand words . But we do not need all these . To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words . Before you leave school , you will learn only one thousand or more . ‎ ‎ The words you know are called your vocabulary . You should try to make your vocabulary bigger . Read as many books as you can . There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read . You will enjoy them . When you meet a new word , find it in your dictionary . Your dictionary is your most useful book . ‎ ‎ Training Base (阅读理解练习)‎ ‎ 根据短文选择最佳答案:‎ ‎ 1. The number of different languages spoken is about ______. ‎ ‎ A. 150 B. 15,000‎ ‎ C. 500 D. 1,500‎ ‎ 2. Before you leave your school , you’ll learn _____. ‎ ‎ A. only two thousand words ‎ B. five hundred thousand words ‎ C. more than one thousand words ‎ D. three or four thousand words ‎ 3. To make your vocabulary bigger , you must ______. ‎ ‎ A. get as many dictionaries as you can ‎ ‎ B. read as many books as you can ‎ ‎ C. buy a lot of books ‎ D. have a very large English dictionary ‎ ‎ 4. You will enjoy ______. ‎ ‎ A. the books written in easy English ‎ B. your dictionary ‎ C. your new words ‎ D. finding new words in a dictionary ‎ 根据短文翻译下列句子:‎ ‎ 5. A very large dictionary , for example , contains four or five hundred thousand words. ‎ ‎ ___________________________________‎ ‎ 6. There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read. ‎ ‎ ____________________________‎ ‎(B)限时阅读 ‎ Small children often laugh at the short ones or at someone who isn’t dressed as well as they are . But as they grow up , they learn not to hurt people’s feelings by laughing at their problems . They learn to laugh at other things . Most important they learn to laugh at themselves. ‎ ‎ Suppose (假设)you’re playing a game . You make a mistake and lose . Do you become angry ? Or can you laugh at yourself and hope to do better next time ? Suppose you are at a special dinner . You at times spill (溅)some food . Why keep worrying about how clumsy (笨拙)you looked ? Why not laugh it off and enjoy yourself any way ? If you can , it’s a good sign you’ve really grown up . ‎ Answer the questions ‎( )1. This article is mostly about ______. ‎ ‎ A. why laughter is good for your body ‎ ‎ B. what you should laugh at ‎ ‎ C. where you may laugh ‎ D. who you may laugh ‎( )2. The writer says small children laugh at people who ______. ‎ ‎ A. have problems B. not to be worried ‎ C. dress well D. play games ‎( )3. Next the writer shows how laughter could help you ______. ‎ ‎ A. not to spill food B. not to be worried ‎ C. not to enjoy yourself D. to grow up ‎( )4. The most important thing is to learn how to laugh at ______. ‎ ‎ A. jokes B. pictures ‎ C. children D. yourself ‎( )5. The writer shows how laughter could help you not to ______. ‎ ‎ A. make a mistake B. lose game ‎ C. become angry D. try again 参考答案:‎ I. 1. frustrating 2. memorize 3. aloud ‎ 4. pronounce 5. solution 6. not at all ‎ 7. end up doing sth 8. make mistakes ‎ 9. be afraid to 10. native speaker ‎ 11. laugh at sb 12. take notes ‎ 13. enjoy doing sth 14. make up ‎ II. ‎ ‎ 1. How do you study for a test ? ‎ ‎ 2. I study by listening to cassettes . ‎ ‎ 3. Do you learn English by reading aloud ? ‎ ‎ 4. You should find a pepal . ‎ ‎ 5. I can’t memorize a lot of new words.‎ ‎ (答案不唯一)‎ III. ‎ ‎ 1. I think I can study English by memorizing the words of pop songs because it is the best way to learn new words. ‎ ‎ 2. I think I can study English by reading English magazines because it can help us learn new words . ‎ ‎ 3. I think I can study by using English because we can practice more and study English well . ‎ ‎ 4. I think I can study by studying grammar because it is a great way to learn sentence structures. ‎ ‎ 5. I don’t think I can learn English by watching English movies because the native speakers speak too quickly . ‎ ‎ 6. I don’t think I can study English by having conversations with friends because we get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. ‎ ‎ 7. I think I can learn English by joining the English club at school because we can get lots of practice and also have fun . ‎ IV. 略 V. 阅读 ‎ A. 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A ‎ 5. 比如,一本大字典包含40万到50万个单词 ‎ 6. 有大量的简易英语读物,你可以阅读。‎ ‎ B. 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C