初三英语被动语态知识精讲 8页

初三英语被动语态 ‎【本讲主要内容】‎ 被动语态 ‎【知识总结归纳】‎ 一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。‎ 二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 ‎ We Visited that factory last summer 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 ‎ 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 am / is / are + P.P.‎ ‎（1）Do they speak French ?‎ ‎（2）They don’t use the room .‎ Is French spoken by them ?‎ The room isn’t used by them .‎ 一般过去时 was / were + p.p.‎ ‎（1）The hunter killed a tiger .‎ ‎（2）He wrote many stories last year .‎ A tiger was killed by the hunter .‎ Many stories was written by him last year .‎ 现在进行时 am / is / are +being +p.p.‎ ‎（1）These workers are building a new bridge . ‎ ‎（2）He is mending his car .‎ A new bridge is being built by these workers . ‎ His car is being mended by him .‎ 过去进行时 was / were + being + p.p.‎ ‎（1）He was selling books .‎ ‎（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .‎ Books were being built by him . ‎ The plan was being discussed by them at that time .‎ 现在完成时 have / has + been + p. p.‎ ‎（1）She has learned many English words .‎ ‎（2）He has finished the work .‎ Many English words have been learned by her . ‎ The work has been finished by him . ‎ 过去完成时 had + been + p.p.‎ ‎（1）They has solved the problem .‎ ‎（2）We had told him the news by then . ‎ The problem had been solved by them . ‎ The news had been told to him by us .‎ 一般将来时 shall / will be + p.p.‎ ‎（1）I shall make a plan . ‎ ‎（2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .‎ A plan will be made by me . ‎ The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . ‎ 过去将来时 ‎（1）He told me they would ‎ He told me the room would be ‎ would be + p.p.‎ was/ were going to be + p.p.‎ paint the room . ‎ ‎（2）They were going to put on a play the next week . ‎ painted by them . ‎ A play was going to be put by them the next week .‎ 情态动词 can / may / must / should ‎ ‎+ be + p.p.‎ ‎（1）We should hand in our homework .‎ ‎（2）You must answer the question in English .‎ Our homework should be handed in by us .‎ The question must be ‎ answered in English by you .‎ 四. 如何正确使用被动语态 ‎1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。‎ eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）‎ ‎ （被动语态）‎ ‎▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass等。‎ ‎2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。‎ eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）‎ ‎▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。‎ ‎3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”‎ 比较：（1）‎ ‎  （2）‎ ‎4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。‎ eg. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【题型展示】‎ ‎1. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week . ‎ A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 答案：C （2003天津市）‎ ‎2. To make our city more beautiful , rubbish into the river . ‎ A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown ‎ C. can’t throw D. may not throw 答案：B （2003重庆市）‎ ‎3. You may go fishing if your work .‎ A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done 答案：A （2003河北省）‎ ‎4. The trees must three times a week . ‎ A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters 答案：C （2003长沙市）‎ ‎5. — I won’t come to the party unless Sue , too .‎ ‎ — You mean if Sue comes you’ll come ? ‎ A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 答案：D （2003江西省）‎ ‎6. I like my new bike . It very well . ‎ A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden 答案：A （2003江西省）‎ ‎7. Mr. Chen has a lond voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom . ‎ ‎ A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard ‎ 答案：B （2003台湾省）‎ ‎8. — It’s time to do your homework , Jack . ‎ ‎     — Yes , Mum . I’ll turn off the TV as soon as the programme .‎ A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end 答案：A （2003广州市）‎ ‎9. You to the meeting , why didn’t you go ?‎ A. be invited B. will be invited C. were invited D. are invited 答案：C （2003山西省）‎ ‎10. A lot of trees along the river last year . ‎ A. planted B. are planted C. were planted ‎ 答案：C （2003四川省）‎ ‎【实战模拟】‎ 一. 选择填空 ‎1. The rivers smells terrible People must dirty things into it .‎ A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop form throwing ‎2. Paper first invented in China . ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎3. — Do you like the flower ? — Yes , it sweet . ‎ A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells ‎4. It snowed heavily last night . The ground thick snow .‎ A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. covered with ‎5. The light in the room before you leave . ‎ A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off ‎6. the kind of question often in your class , Ann ? ‎ A. Does , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , ask ‎7. The bridge in three weeks . ‎ A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds ‎8. The old men and the children must in our country . ‎ A. take good care B. be taken good care ‎ C. take good care of D. be taken good care of ‎9. Paul doesn’t have to be made He always works hard . ‎ A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning ‎10. The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the class . ‎ A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at ‎ ‎11. We that the English test next Monday . ‎ A. are told , gives B. tell , will give ‎ C. are told , will be given D. told , is going to be given ‎12. Great changes place in China since 1978 . ‎ A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took ‎13. the red pencil-box by your father last week ?‎ A. Has , bought B. Was , bought C. Does , buy D. Did , buy ‎14. Mary many songs at the party . ‎ A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing ‎15. trees usually in April ?‎ A. Have , planted B. Are , planted C. Do , plant D. Were , planted ‎16. When we got there , the broken road repaired .‎ A. is being B. was being C. has been D. /‎ ‎17. The windows of the room once a week .‎ A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning ‎18. In 1620 , about half the USA forests . ‎ A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with ‎19. The young tree the stick . ‎ A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with ‎20. A present me by my friend on my birthday . ‎ A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to ‎21. By was the book ?‎ A. who , wrote B. whom , write C. whom , written D. whom , writing ‎22. Films about crime and violence（暴力与犯罪） by young children . ‎ A. should not see B. should be not seen ‎ C. should not be seen D. should be seen ‎23. In warm weather fruit and meat long . ‎ A. can’t be kept B. don’t keep C. is not kept D. aren’t keeping ‎24. Half the world’s telephone calls in English .‎ A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made ‎25. That building now . ‎ A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds ‎26. The trees in our school every Friday afternoon . ‎ A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water ‎27. More “ Great Green Walls ” must all over the world . ‎ A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built ‎28. His school bag by a woman ten minutes ago . ‎ A. took away B. was taken away C. was taken off D. is taken ‎29. It that she very clever . ‎ A. was said , is B. was said , were C. is said , is D. is said , is being ‎30. Yesterday a visitor something about his hometown . ‎ A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked ‎31. Do you like this kind of paper ? Yes , it very nice . ‎ A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels ‎32. These books well . ‎ A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell ‎33. The boy lost on his way home yesterday . ‎ A. got B. is C. gets D. has ‎34. Though the coat is a bit large now , it me very soon . ‎ A. will be fit B. will fit C. fit D. fits ‎35. Football everywhere in the world . ‎ A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays ‎36. Everybody here was a present . ‎ A. gave B. given C. To give D. Giving ‎37. A new factory in our city last year . ‎ A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building ‎38. All trees must well when it is dry . ‎ A. be watered B. are watered C. water D. be watering ‎39. This shirt silk . ‎ A. must be made in B. make by C. must be made of D. must be made by ‎40. These books good care of . ‎ A. must taken B. must take C. have to take D. must be taken ‎41. Stamps by people for sending letters . ‎ A. use B. in using C. used D. are used ‎42. More trees next year . ‎ A. will be planted B. will plant C. have planted D. are planting ‎43. — When the People’s Republic of China ?‎ ‎  — On October 1.1949 . ‎ ‎ A. did …found B. was …found C. was … founded D. is … founded ‎44. Today , too many trees are still in the world . ‎ A. cutting down B. cut down C. being cut down D. cutted ‎45. This kind of machine Japan . ‎ A. is made by B. is made from C. is made in D. is made of ‎46. The teacher says that the man will .‎ A. be well taken care B. well look after C. take care well D. be well looked after ‎47. — I think the shop .‎ ‎       — No , It’s open . It at six . ‎ A. is close … close B. is closed … closes C. closed … closes D. is closed ‎48. I was astonished（吃惊）to hear that the colour TV set 5 , 000 yuan . ‎ A. has cost B. cost C. costed D. was cost ‎49. Great changes place since he came here . ‎ A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. has taken ‎ ‎50. He was seen something from the shop . ‎ A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed ‎ ‎51. She has by her classmates . ‎ A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at ‎ 二. 用正确的时态和语态填空 ‎1. Nearly everybody here （know）when the old museum （build）.‎ ‎2. The building can （see）from every part of the city ; It （build）many years ago . ‎ ‎3. Yesterday Tom （tell）me that his bike （break）last week . ‎ ‎4. The students often （tell）to take care of their desks and chairs . ‎ ‎5. Now he （be）asked if the meeting （hold）next Friday . ‎ ‎6. It is known to all that the moon （turn）round the earth . ‎ ‎7. Miss Li often （use）a recorder in her English class . But she （not use）it tomorrow . ‎ ‎8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits （sell）in this shop . ‎ ‎9. English （speak）here . ‎ ‎10. The song （like）by us all twenty years ago . ‎ ‎11. The pictures （take）by Jack tomorrow . ‎ ‎12. The computer （can use）in the room .‎ ‎13. The room （paint）now . ‎ ‎14. The novel （translate）into many languages since it was published . ‎ ‎15. That clock （call）Big Ben . ‎ ‎16. Last week , when I （ask）about English culture , I couldn’t answer it well . ‎ ‎17. What language （speak）in your country ? ‎ ‎18. School football games often （hold）on Friday evenings . ‎ ‎19. The film （show）again sometime next week . ‎ ‎20. If anything （happen）to him , let me know . ‎ ‎21. the pair of new shoes （suit）you ? ‎ ‎22. The bottle （break）by the cat yesterday . ‎ ‎23. A tall tree （can , see）in the picture . ‎ ‎24. The sports meeting （hold）last week . ‎ ‎25. We （tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from Australia . ‎ ‎26. Look , Mr Smith （take）to the station by Mark in his car . ‎ ‎27. These trees should （water）after they （plant）.‎ ‎28. The TV set （make）in Beijing . It （make）last April . ‎ ‎29. Colour TVs （sell）in that shop . ‎ ‎30. When the People’s Republic of China （found）?‎ ‎31. Have you moved into the new house ? ‎ ‎ Not yet . The rooms （paint）now . ‎ ‎32. An American film often （show）on TV on Sundays . ‎ ‎33. She （tell）the good news as soon as she arrived . ‎ ‎34. Look ! A big modern bridge （build）over the river . ‎ ‎35. Dr Bethune （remember）by the Chinese people for ever . ‎ ‎36. A recorder often （use）in our English class . ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[参考答案]‎ http//www.dearedu.com 一. 选择填空 ‎1—5 BCDAD 6—10 BCDBD 11—15 CBBDB 16—20 BCBAB ‎21—25 CCAAC 26—30 ADBCA 31—35 DCABA 36—40 BCACD ‎41—45 DACBC 46—50 DBBBB 51. D 二. 用正确的时态和语态填空 ‎ ‎1. knows , was built 2. be seen , was built 3. told , was broken ‎ ‎4. are , told 5. is , will be held 6. turns ‎7. uses , won’t use 8. are sold 9. is spoken ‎10. was liked 11. will be taken 12. can be used ‎ ‎13. is being painted 14. has been translated 15. is called ‎16. was asked 17. is spoken 18. are , held ‎19. will be shown 20. happens 21. Does ,suit ‎22. was broken 23. can be seen 24. was held ‎25. were told 26. is being taken 27. be watered , are planted ‎28. is made , was made 29. are sold 30. was founded ‎31. are being painted 32. is , shown 33. was told ‎34. is being built 35. will be remembered 36. is , used