初三英语 语法模块之非谓语动词 20页

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2016年寒假英语初三组 非谓语动词 ‎ ‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 掌握内容 知识目标 1. 学习非谓语动词的定义 2. 掌握非谓语动词的结构以及变化规则 3. 了解非谓语动词的重难点:‎ ‎ 常可省略不定式to的情况 ‎ 既可以加不定式也可以加ing的情况 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Part I Introduction 请用所给单词的正确形式填空，并指出所填写单词是否为非谓语。若是非谓语，问：非谓语在此处做什么成分？‎ ‎1. Lao Lishi was the first person in Zhanjiang _________(win) the Olympic golden medal.‎ ‎2. ---Have you decided where _________(take) your wedding holiday?---Not yet.‎ ‎3. Phelps almost devoted all his childhood to practice ___________(swim).‎ ‎4. My grandparents live in a small village ________(call) Xinpo.‎ ‎5. After _________(do) the laundry, she went on _________(do) some gardening.‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Part II Grammar Focus 一、非谓语的定义：‎ 在简单句中不能作谓语的动词的词是非谓语动词。根据动词是否在句中作谓语，我们也可以把动词分为____________和_____________两种。‎ ‎________________________‎ ‎_________________________‎ ‎_________________________‎ 二、 非谓语的构成：‎ ‎ ‎ 三、非谓语的用法：‎ 主语 宾语 表语 宾语补足语 定语 状语 不定式 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 动名词 分词 ‎_____________ (表示具体某一次)‎ ‎______________（表习惯性）‎ ‎1.作主语：‎ ‎(1) 不定式做主语：‎ 考点 ：不定式作主语时，常用it做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末, ‎ 其结构为_______________________________‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 例：To learn a foreign language is not easy.‎ It is not easy to learn a foreign language. ‎ 注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，用of。 ‎ 例：It’s very kind of you to help me.‎ ‎_________________________. 眼见为实。‎ ‎(2) 动名词用作主语：‎ 考点：跟不定式一样，动名词作主语时常位于句末，而在其原来的位置用it 作形式主语。谓语动词一般用_____。‎ 例：Saying so much_______ useless.‎ It is useless saying so much.‎ ‎_____________ ‎ ‎______________‎ ‎2.作宾语： ‎ ‎(1)不定式作宾语：‎ 考点:① 常见表示命令、打算或希望的一类词，这类动词有：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 例：他希望马上能见到他的孩子。_______________________________.‎ He began to read and write after lunch.（当一个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to。）‎ 考点 ② 常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________e.g: I would rather stay at home. ‎ 你最好远离他。_______________________________________.‎ 考点③ 在find, think,believe, guess后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。‎ 我们发现横跨这条河流是不可能的。_________________________________________.‎ 考点 ④不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how，who连用，相当于一个宾语从句的作用。 如：‎ ‎ The teacher is telling the students what to do.‎ ‎ He didn’t know which to choose.‎ ‎ 比较： what to do 与how to do it ‎【小试牛刀】‎ 一、翻译题：‎ ‎1. 邮局离这儿有点远，你最好坐车去。 ‎ ‎_________________________________________________.‎ ‎2. 他们不知道何时开始会议。 ‎ ‎_________________________________________________.‎ 二、选择题：‎ ‎( )1.--What’s your plan for the summer holiday?‎ ‎--I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided _________at home and have a good rest first. ‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A stay B to stay C stayed ‎ ‎( )2. The girl prefer______ at home rather than _______ to the cinema.‎ A.to stay;go B.staying;going C.to stay; to go ‎( )3. We believe_____possible for Tim to get the first prize.‎ A.that B.it C.this ‎ ‎( )4.All the hats look beautiful. I don’t know ______________. ‎ A how to choose B what to choose C which one to choose ‎( )5.The young soldier really doesn’t know __________ to stop the baby from crying hard. ‎ A what to do B how to do C when to do ‎ ‎(2)动名词作宾语：‎ 考点：① 用作动词宾语：这类词有：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________等。‎ 例：他继续犯同样的错误。____________________________________.‎ I suggest leaving now.‎ 考点：② 用作介词宾语：‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 例：After finishing my work, I took a short rest.‎ They drove into town without talking to each other.‎ ‎【小试牛刀】‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 一、翻译题。 ‎ ‎1.我确信什么也无法阻止李雷成为一名作家。‎ ‎__________________________________________.‎ ‎2.我习惯先吃完早餐再刷牙。‎ ‎___________________________________________.‎ ‎3.我把这些植物都扔了而不是每天给它们浇水。‎ ‎____________________________________________.‎ 二、选择题。‎ ‎( )1.--It’s hot. Would you mind ________ the window?‎ ‎--____________. Do it as you like, please!‎ A me to open; OK B my opening; Certainly not. C my closing; Of course ‎ ‎( )2. The tourists have difficulty ________ with the local people.‎ A.communicate B.communicating C.to communicate ‎_____________ ‎ ‎______________‎ ‎3.作表语：‎ ‎(1)不定式作表语的作用是：___________‎ His wish is to become a pianist. 他的愿望是成为一名钢琴家。‎ ‎(2)动名词作表语的作用是：_______________‎ One of his bad habits is biting nails. 他的一个坏习惯是咬手指甲。‎ ‎_____________ ‎ ‎______________‎ ‎4.作宾语补足语：‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)不定式用作宾语补足语：‎ 考点 ① 双宾及物动词后，带to 的不定式，这类动词有：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 例：They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.‎ 考点 ② 在表示五官感觉、使役动词后，要用不带to 的不定式，这类动词有：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 例：The boy saw two men enter the house.‎ 这个年轻人使这个老的机器老师运转了起来。___________________________________________.‎ 注： 变被动怎么办？‎ 被动 The boy saw two men enter the house.‎ ‎ __________________________________________.‎ ‎（2）分词用作宾语补足语 考点 ① 现在分词作宾语补足语，多用于使役动词或感官动词之后。如：see, watch, hear, feel, smell, notice, find; have, get, leave, keep 例：We saw a light burning in the window.‎ He kept the machine running for ten hours.‎ 易错点：have sb. do sth. = let sb. do sth.‎ ‎ have sb. doing sth.=keep sb. doing sth.‎ 请比较：I saw the old man crossing the street. 我看见那个老人在过街。‎ I saw the old man cross the street. 我看见那个老人过街的。‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎② 过去分词作宾补，多表示宾语的状态或被动意义。动作是宾语发不出来的，多用于使役动词、感官动词动词后面。特别注意“have＋宾语＋过去分词”这一结构的用法。‎ 例：I have to have my hair cut.‎ 你应该让你自己被所有人理解。_______________________________________‎ ‎【小试牛刀】‎ ‎( )1.My father is not good at cooking. He often asks my mother_____________.‎ A to help him B not to help him C how to help him ‎( )2.We are often told __________at people who are in trouble. ‎ A not to smile B to smile C not to laugh ‎ ‎( )3..I heard someone_______the door and _______. A. open; come in B. to open; to come in C. open; come into ‎ ‎( )4.--Is Jack in the library?‎ ‎ --Maybe. I saw him _____ out with some books just now. A. going B. go C. to go ‎ ‎( )5.The kids _______ their parents to hurry to the other side of the playground to get the gift for them.‎ A. hope B.expect C. Wait ‎( )6.Tom often makes his little sister ______but yesterday he was made ______by his sister.‎ A cry; to cry B to cry; cry C cry; cry ‎ ‎_____________ ‎ ‎______________‎ ‎5.作定语 ‎ ‎(1) 不定式用作定语：‎ 考点：① 不定式可以像形容词一样用来修饰名词，但是它必须后置。‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 例：We must first find something for him to eat. ‎ 考点：② 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式之后加上适当的介词。‎ 如：He is not a man to talk with. ‎ ‎(2) 动名词用作定语：通常前置，表示该名词所表示的事物的用途。如果用“for＋动名词”，则应后置。‎ 例：a swimming pool = a pool for swimming ‎ ‎(3)分词用作定语：‎ ‎① 现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的特征，或修饰名词所做的动作。表示______________________。单个的现在分词作定语必须___置；现在分词短语则___置。‎ 现在分词短语作定语，相当于一个______从句。‎ 例：I have a friend living in London. (=______________________________________.)‎ a sleeping boy = _____________， _______________= the sun that is rising The room was full of people who are waiting for the doctor.‎ ‎(=_______________________________________)‎ ‎②过去分词作定语多表示_______________________。动作发生在谓语动词之前。其前置和特征与现在分词相同。‎ 例：We need more trained nurses.(=_______________________________________)‎ Things which are seen from behind seem a little different. (=_______________________________)‎ ‎ 【小试牛刀】‎ ‎( )1.Do you know the man ________ under the tree?‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A.stand B.standing C.stood ‎( )2.Do you have anything ______ for yourself?‎ A.say B.saying C.to say ‎( )3.The local things are specially expensive ________ by hands.‎ A.made B.making C.to make ‎_____________ ‎ ‎______________‎ ‎6.作状语：‎ ‎(1)不定式用作状语：‎ ‎ ① 用作_________状语，例：‎ He came to borrow my dictionary.‎ They went on foot, so as not to be heard.‎ In order not to be heard, they went on foot.‎ ‎ ② 用作_______状语，例：‎ He hurried to the house, only to find it empty.‎ ‎ ③ 用作______状语 ‎ She is old enough to travel all by herself.‎ ‎ ④ 用作______状语，例：‎ We jumped with joy to hear the news.‎ ‎(2)分词用作状语：‎ ‎① 现在分词作状语，多用来表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。‎ ‎ 现在分词作状语它的逻辑主语是主句的主语。‎ 例：They stood by the road, reading books. (表_______)‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Hearing /When hearing a noise, they stopped talking. (= When they heard….) ‎ 听到喧闹声，他们便停止了谈话。（表_______）‎ ‎② 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语一样，可以表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。‎ ‎ 过去分词作状语表示主语的状态或是主语与从句的动词是被动关系。‎ 例 Deeply moved, she couldn’t say a word. (= As she was deeply moved….) ‎ 她深受感动，一句话也说不出来。（表_______）‎ ‎ 【小试牛刀】‎ ‎( )1.--My brother’s ill in hospital.‎ ‎--I’m sorry ____________that. ‎ A to hear B hearing C heard ‎ ‎( )2.--Linda, I’m very thirsty. ‎ ‎--Let’s go to the nearest supermarket ________ some drinks, OK?‎ A buy B bought C to buy ‎ ‎( )3.When _________, water changes into steam.‎ A.heat B.heating C.heated ‎( )4.Alex, you should have your car ______. It is so dirty.‎ A.clean B.cleaning C.cleaned ‎( )5.________ by many students, the teacher came into the classroom.‎ A.Follow B.Following C.Followed ‎( )6.This is the place for him ________.‎ A.to live B.living in C.to live in Part IV Conclusion 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 现在分词与过去分词用图表法进行比较如下:‎ 功能 例句 说明 ‎____________‎ ‎___________‎ ‎_______‎ The girl standing in front of the classroom is my roommate.‎ 作定语，其逻辑主语为其所修饰的词。‎ 作定语，其逻辑宾语为其所修饰的词。‎ ‎______‎ The teachers went out of the building, talking and laughing.‎ 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。‎ ‎_______‎ The situation is encouraging.‎ The boy is too excited to utter a word.‎ 表示主语的性质，特征 表示某种状态 ‎_______‎ Yesterday Jim kept us waiting for a long time. ‎ I heard Lily singing in the classroom.‎ He’ll have his hair cut tomorrow. ‎ 被补足的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语，即主动关系 被补足的宾语或主语是其逻辑宾语，即被动关系 总结三种非谓语在句中所作的成分：‎ 主语 宾语 表语 宾语补足语 定语 状语 不定式 ‎ ‎ 动名词 分词 Part V Key Points 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 一、既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词：‎ ‎★1. forget, remember, regret 等：在forget, remember , regret 后，用动名词作宾语表示_________，用不定式表示__________。‎ 例：I remember posting the letter.‎ Remember to post the letter. ‎ 我将永远不会忘记第一次见他的时候。_______________________________________________. ‎ ‎ 这些学生总是忘记把垃圾带出教室。___________________________________________________.‎ ‎★ 2.stop, go on 等：在stop, go on 后，用动名词作宾语表示 ____________，用不定式表示___________。‎ 例：They stopped talking.‎ They stopped to talk.‎ ‎★3. need, want 等：在need, want 后，用动名词作宾语表示________，和用被动态的不定式在意义上一样。‎ 例：This room needs cleaning / to be cleaned.‎ 这块老式的手表需要修理。_________________________________..‎ ‎★4. allow, mean, try allow doing sth. 允许做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ‎ 例：我们不允许在这抽烟。___________________________________________. ‎ ‎ 我们不允许学生在上学日的时候外出。___________________________________. ‎ mean to do _________‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ mean doing _________‎ ‎ 例：他打算出国学习。____________________________________________.‎ ‎ 做那个事意味着浪费时间。_______________________________________.‎ try to do sth. ___________ ‎ try doing sth. ____________‎ ‎ 例：Please try to do better next time.‎ ‎ He tried speaking English to me. ‎ 比较 try to do sth.:努力做某事，不一定成功。‎ ‎ manage to do sth.努力做某事，且成功了。‎ 二、常用不定式或动名词的句型 (1) It’s time to do sth. = It’s time for sth. “是做……的时候了” It’s time to have supper. = It’s time for supper. 该吃晚饭了。 (2) Let’s do sth. 否定句：___________ (3) It takes sb. some time ( money ) to do sth. “某人花费多少时间(金钱)做某事” 我花了半小时做这个题目。 ______________________________ (4) be +形容词+enough + to do sth. “足够……做某事” _______________________________________________. 那小姑娘已够上学年龄。 (5) be + too +形容词 + to do sth. “太……不能做某事” _________________________________________________. 那孩子太害怕，不敢动一动。 (6) be ready + to do sth. “乐意做某事，准备做某事” ‎ 准备做某事=_________________________ ‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 雷锋总是乐于助人。__________________________________. ‎ ‎(7) It’s + 形容词+(for/of sb. )+ to do sth. It’s important for the twins to help each other. 孪生子互相帮助是很重要的。 ‎ ‎(8) be afraid to do sth. “不敢做某事” ‎ ‎=be afraid of doing sth. 　 He is afraid to tell his father about it. 他不敢告诉他父亲。 (9) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“宁愿……也不愿……” 　 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。 ___________________________________‎ ‎ (10) would like to do sth. 与would love to do sth.常用于口语中，表示 “喜欢……” 　　I’d like to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 ‎ I would love to go. 我想去。 ‎ ‎ (11) had better +V原 表示“最好……”，否定句：____________________ 　 You’d better put on your coat. It’s very cold outside. 你最好穿上大衣。外面很冷。 You’d better not go.你最好不要去。 (12) Will/Could/Would you please+不带to的不定式，表示请求。 　 请你叫她到老师办公室去一下好吗？________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ (13) Why not do sth.?= ____________‎ 他为什么不去学校呢？___________________________‎ ‎(14) How about/ What about…?‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 去爬山怎么样？_____________________‎ Part VI Homework ‎ ‎ 一、单项选择 ‎( )1.—Would you please tell me ________ next?‎ ‎ —Think it over. You’ll find a good way. A. when to do B. how to do C. what to do ‎ ‎( )2.His parents often encourage him ________ hard. A. work B. working C. to work ‎ ‎( )3.Last week I met my old friend Li Ming but I forgot ________ him for his telephone number. A. ask B. asking C.to ask ‎( )4.You should speak louder to make _______. ‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A. everyone heard B. yourself hearing C.yourself heard ‎( )5. Tim was saw______ the building and go upstairs.‎ ‎ A. to enter B. entered C. entering ‎ ‎( )6._________ from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.‎ ‎ A.Seeing B.To see C.Seen 二、 用所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. The poor girl was made ___________(leave) school by her father’s death.‎ ‎2. It’s too cloudy and seemed ________(rain). The farmers had to hurry home.‎ ‎3. ---Where are the children? ---They are busy __________(pull) up weeds in the garden.‎ ‎4. We had a hard time _____________(get) to the top of Mount Tai.‎ ‎5. Mike wasn’t tall enough _________(reach) the clock on the wall.‎ ‎6.__________(see) from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful.‎ 三、补全对话，一空一词。‎ Host: Hi, Erin. Thanks for ___1___Teen Talk109.1 FM. What’s the problem?‎ Erin: Well, see. I always wear fashionable clothes, and I have a really neat haircut.‎ Host: Yes?‎ Erin: It’s my friend, Jasmine. She buys the same clothes as I do, and she even gets the same haircut. She copies ___2___ I do. I want to be original. I want to have my own clothes and my own haircut.‎ Host: I think you should be happy that your friend likes your clothes and haircut. I don’t think you have a ____3___.‎ Erin: That’s an interesting opinion. Thank you.‎ Host: OK. We have time for one ___4__ person. Mary is on the line.‎ Host: Hi, Mary! You__5___unhappy. What’s the matter? Mary: My father is smoking more___6___. Host: Really? You should advise him to give up smoking. Smoking is bad for his health. Mary:   You are right! Smoking is a bad habit. ‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Host: Is it just a habit? In fact, people who smoke are ___7___ killing themselves. Mary:  I couldn’t agree more. Smoking can cause many ____8___, in particular lung ‎ cancer, so I’m worried about my father’s health. Host: Does your father know this?  Mary: I’m not sure. Maybe he doesn’t. Host: You ought to tell him. I read__9__ the newspaper that tens of thousands of people in the world die from smoking every day.   Mary: You can’t be serious!  Is it true? Host: That’s what the paper said. What’s more, smokers can hurt not only themselves but  also their families. Mary: You must be joking!  I’m not sure I can believe that. Host: Scientists have already __10___ that passive smokers are in as much danger as ‎ smokers are. Mary: That’s terrible! I must give my father a good lesson about smoking.‎ ‎1.‎ ‎2.‎ ‎3.‎ ‎4.‎ ‎5.‎ ‎6.‎ ‎7.‎ ‎8.‎ ‎9.‎ ‎10.‎ 四、12选10。‎ feel success put invite see have ‎ wild announce true make excite lie ‎ ‎ ‎ In our discussion with people on how education can help them___1___ in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of a science course about 20 years ago. The professor walked into the lecture(演讲) hall, ___2___ on his desk a large jar filled with dried beans, and invited the students to guess how many beans the jar ___3___. After listening to shouts of ____4___ wrong guesses，the professor smiled a dry smile,____5___ the correct answer, and went on saying, “You have just learned an important lesson about science. That is: Never trust your own senses.” Twenty years later, the woman could guess what the professor had in mind. He ___6___himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start a/an ___7___trip into an unknown world invisible（无形的）to the eye ,which can be discovered only in scientific ways. But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even hear the ___8___. She was just beginning to understand the world. And she believed that her firsthand experience could be the __9___ .The professor, however, said that it was wrong .He was taking away her only tool for knowing and was providing her with no examples. “I remember ___10__ small and 第 20 页 共 20 页 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ cruel,” the woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I gave up the course that afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”‎ ‎1.‎ ‎2.‎ ‎3.‎ ‎4.‎ ‎5.‎ ‎6.‎ ‎7.‎ ‎8.‎ ‎9.‎ ‎10.‎ 第 20 页 共 20 页