2019年北京市中考英语试卷【中考英语真题、含答案及详细解释、可以编辑】 10页

‎2019年北京市中考英语试卷 知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. Mr． Wang is coming to our school． I can't wait to see ________．（ ） ‎ A.her B.him C.it D.them ‎ ‎ ‎2. We planted some flowers ________the garden yesterday．（ ） ‎ A.on B.to C.in D.of ‎ ‎ ‎3. ﹣ Excuse me，________is this T﹣shirt？‎ ‎﹣ It's 88 yuan．（ ） ‎ A.how much B.how many C.how long D.how old ‎ ‎ ‎4. ﹣ Lily， _____ you finish the letter in ten minutes？‎ ‎﹣ Yes， I can．（ ） ‎ A.must B.should C.need D.can ‎ ‎ ‎5. This cap is nice，________it doesn't look good on me．（ ） ‎ A.for B.so C.but D.or ‎ ‎ ‎6. Julie takes good care of the family dog． She is ________than her brother．（ ） ‎ A.patient B.more patient C.most patient D.the most patient ‎ ‎ ‎7. Sam ________with his friends every weekend．（ ） ‎ A.skates B.is skating C.has skated D.was skating ‎ ‎ ‎8. ﹣ Tom， what's your dad doing？‎ ‎﹣ He ________my bike．（ ） ‎ A.repairs B.will repair C.has repaired D.is repairing ‎ ‎ ‎9. Our school life ________ a lot since 2017. We have more activities now. ‎ A.changes B.changed C.will change D.has changed ‎ ‎ ‎10. If you want to visit the Palace Museum， I ________tickets for you tomorrow．（ ） ‎ A.will book B.booked C.have booked D.was booking ‎ ‎ ‎11. My advice on how to save paper ________by my class last Monday．（ ） ‎ A.accepts B.accepted C.was accepted D.is accepted ‎ ‎ ‎12. ﹣ Did you notice________ in her office？‎ ‎﹣ Yes． She was going over our writing．（ ） ‎ A.what was Miss Lin doing B.what Miss Lin was doing C.what does Miss Lin do D.what Miss Lin does 二、完形填空（共8分，）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎13.     ‎ ‎    Run for Class President ‎    Two months ago,  when our class election（选举） started,  I decided to run for class president． I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people,  so I felt it easy to win． But I was （1）_______that people would feel bad for me if I lost．‎ ‎    I was busy preparing in the following week． My plan wasn't to make promises to do things I couldn't （2）_______ but to show my class why I wanted to be president． I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom． I also spent three hours writing my speech,  saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem． Since I was （3）_______prepared,  I felt that my chances of winning were strong．‎ ‎    However,  when I gave my speech on Election Day,  the response （反应） wasn't what I had （4）_______． Few people actually listened． When it was my opponent's （对手的）turn,  everyone was screaming his name． His speech was short,  but all to the point． By ‎ 第17页 共20页 ◎ 第18页 共20页 then,  I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer．‎ ‎    It was obvious who would （5）_______． For the rest of the day,  I felt like it was over． I wanted to just go home and cry,  but I made it through．‎ ‎    My（6）_______ was right:  I didn't win．‎ ‎    The next day,  people were still talking about the election． I just pretended （假装） not to hear． But later,  things got better． People（7）_______about the election and talked to me just as they did before．‎ ‎    I don't regret putting time and energy into the election because I've learned that things aren't always going the way I expect． And moments of failure like this build （8）_______ ﹣since then I've learned to face disappointment and grown stronger．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（1）‎ A.bored B.afraid C.excited D.hopeful ‎ ‎ ‎（2）‎ A.compare B.remember C.manage D.repeat ‎ ‎ ‎（3）‎ A.fully B.quickly C.freshly D.physically ‎ ‎ ‎（4）‎ A.feared B.faced C.mentioned D.pictured ‎ ‎ ‎（5）‎ A.insist B.return C.wait D.win ‎ ‎ ‎（6）‎ A.suggestion B.prediction C.direction D.introduction ‎ ‎ ‎（7）‎ A.forgot B.wrote C.cared D.discussed ‎ ‎ ‎（8）‎ A.trust B.pride C.character D.support 阅读理解（共36分）三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎14.     Experiencing China ‎    ‎ Mike,  Canada ‎    I spent three months with my host family（接待家庭） in China． It was a lifetime experience． I was able to experience Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera． I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital． Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture．‎ ‎    ‎ Joanna,  Australia ‎    I stayed with my host family for five months． My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm﹣hearted． With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot． And I have got used to a new culture． My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her．‎ ‎    ‎ Bill,  America ‎    My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes． They are tasty and I like them very much． Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures． They often ask me questions about life in America．‎ 第17页 共20页 ◎ 第18页 共20页 ‎    ‎ Cindy,  Germany ‎    Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese． I lived with a host family in China for six months． My host sister is a really hardworking student． It was amazing to see how she made progress in English． And a close relationship has developed between us．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（1）Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital？________‎ A.Mike． B.Joanna． C.Bill． D.Cindy．．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2）How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China？________‎ A. Three months． B. Four months．‎ C. Five months． D. Six months．．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（3）Cindy thinks her host sister is________．‎ A. a wonderful cook B. a responsible doctor C. a warm﹣hearted teacher D. a hardworking student．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎15.     Blue Lightning ‎    Sally loved cars more than anything else． This spring she thought of building a go﹣kart to enter for the Go﹣Go Race． So she asked her dad for help．‎ ‎    "Well, " he said． "How about this:  you do some research first and then come back to me with a design．"‎ ‎    A week later,  Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad． She named her go﹣kart "Blue Lightning"． Dad looked over her work,  thinking． "Well,  that's interesting, " he said． "Have a try． Just build Blue Lightning as you've designed．"‎ ‎    Over three weekends of hard work,  Sally turned her design into a real,  working go﹣kart and painted it light blue． Dad asked her to take it for a test drive． Sally agreed．‎ ‎    After she did that,  Sally drove back to Dad． "Well, " she said． "Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive．"‎ ‎    "Oh,  do you? " he said． "Please share．"‎ ‎    "When I drove fast,  there was a lot of pushback, " she said． "I think it's because of the lightning bolt （闪电） shape．"‎ ‎    "Very good!" Dad said．‎ ‎    "So,  why didn't you tell me about that problem in the first place? " Sally asked．‎ ‎    Dad laughed． "Where's the fun in that?  If you give a man a fish,  he'll eat for a day． But if you teach a man to fish,  he'll eat for a lifetime．"‎ ‎    Sally said,  "I see． Anyway,  designing is half the fun !"‎ ‎    Dad smiled． "Good． Sometimes,  learning happens during the process． We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way．"‎ ‎    That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder． When she showed Dad her new go﹣kart,  he nodded with pride．‎ ‎    Finally came the race． Sally wasn't worried about whether she would win﹣in her mind,  she had already won,  by building something better than ever before．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（1）Sally thought of building a go﹣kart to________．‎ A. practice driving B. enter for a race C. play with friends D. do some research．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2）What did Sally's dad ask her to do after she built the go﹣kart？________‎ A. To have a test drive． B. To take a good rest．‎ C. To give it a cool name． D. To paint it light blue．．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（3）Sally's story mainly tells us that________．‎ A. winning a race is important B. fishing brings us a lot of fun 第17页 共20页 ◎ 第18页 共20页 C. driving experience is necessary D. learning happens during the process．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎16.     Sometimes it seems that time is flying． Perhaps it doesn't need to feel this way． Our experience of time can be possibly changed． By understanding the psychological （心理学的） processes behind our different experiences of time,  we might be able to slow down time a little．‎ ‎    One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we're exposed（接触） to new environments and experiences． The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process． The more information our minds take in,  the slower time seems to pass．‎ ‎    It follows,  then,  that we have different experiences of time in different situations． In some situations,  our life is full of new experiences． Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down． In other situations,  we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar（熟悉的）． We become insensitive to our experience,  which means we process less information,  and time seems to speed up．‎ ‎    How can we slow down time?  Here are two suggestions．‎ ‎    Firstly,  since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster,  we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible． We can give ourselves new challenges,  meet new people,  and expose our minds to new information,  hobbies and skills． This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand （增加） our experience of time．‎ ‎    Secondly,  and perhaps most effectively,  we can give our whole attention to an experience﹣to what we are seeing,  feeling,  tasting,  smelling or hearing． This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts． For example,  on the way home,  focus your attention outside of yourself,  instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with． Look at the sky,  or at the buildings you pass,  traveling among them． This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time﹣expanding effect．‎ ‎    To a certain degree,  we can understand and control our experience of time passing． It's possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（1）According to the writer， we can expand our experience of time by________．‎ A. going to bed on time B. traveling to new places C. having dinner as usual D. printing the same materials．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2）What can we learn from the passage？________‎ A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information．‎ B. Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly．‎ C. We can take in more information by living through our senses．‎ D. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us．．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？________‎ A. Slow Down Time B. Only Time Will Tell C. Race Against Time D. Time Will Not Come Twice．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎17.     How Much Can We Afford to Forget? ‎ ‎    In 2018,  Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students． Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities． As the Internet grows more powerful,  students can access （获得） knowledge easily． Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads? ‎ ‎    Civilizations（文明）develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary． In the Agricultural（农业的）Age,  a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills． When societies industrialized,  the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget． Nowadays,  smart machines give us access to most human knowledge． It seems that we no longer need to remember most things． Does it matter? ‎ ‎    Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen． For one, human beings have biases（偏见）, and smart machines are likely to increase our biases． Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are ‎ 第17页 共20页 ◎ 第18页 共20页 trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process,  human beings still decide on the correct answers．‎ ‎    Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information． When there were no computers,  efforts were required to get knowledge from other people,  or go to the library． We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books,  and what lies in our heads． But today,  the Internet gives us the information we need quickly． This can lead to the mistaken belief﹣the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along．‎ ‎    In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence,  we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored． But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily． The ________ of any of the networks of relations our well﹣being（健康）depends upon,  such as food and energy,  would produce terrible results． Without food we get hungry;  without energy we feel cold．And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age．‎ ‎    We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills．As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks,  and can be found when we need them,  perhaps they're not really forgotten． Still,  as time goes on,  we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（1）Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases？________‎ A.Because they go off course in testing and scoring．‎ B.Because we control the training process on them，‎ C.Because we offer them too much information．‎ D.Because they overuse the provided answers．．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2）The ease of accessing information from the Internet________•‎ A. frees us from making efforts to learn new skills B. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed C.misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge D.separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（3）The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means"________"．‎ A.a sudden failure B.the basic rule C.a disappointing start D. the gradual development．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（4）What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？________‎ A.To question about the standards of information storage．‎ B.To discuss our problems of communication with machines．‎ C.To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability．‎ D.To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember．．‎ 四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题10分）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎18. ‎ Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）．Some pieces of ice are huge， like moving islands． As temperatures have increased， however， some of the ice has begun to disappear． Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters．‎ The waves were discovered by accident in May， 2010．Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip． They wanted to study the icy waters．‎ On May 2， the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice．around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen．Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice ‎"We were ready to go but when I went out， I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around，" he remembers．‎ He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe． The farther in they went， he thought， the harder the ice would become． As they pushed forward，however， the ship experienced small waves， and then bigger ones．Soon， the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces．‎ Within an hour， Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high． The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves．They were more than ‎ 第17页 共20页 ◎ 第18页 共20页 ‎20 feet in height． The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down， breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour． Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast． The waves in these areas used to be small．‎ The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming． That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them． Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger．‎ Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters．As waves break up ice， the seas will become more open， and the waves will get even stronger． There are stormy times ahead．‎ ‎（1）When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arcticwaters？________‎ ‎（2）Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip？________‎ ‎（3）What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe？________‎ ‎（4）How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system？________‎ ‎（5）What is Paragraph 7 mainly about？________‎ ‎ ‎ 五、文段表达（10分）从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作．文中已给出内容不计入总词数．所给提示词语仅供选用．请不要写出你的校名和姓名．题目①‎ ‎ ‎ ‎19. 假如你是李华，你们学校正在开展"安全月"宣传活动，倡议大家制作关于安全教育的主题海报，你们班交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情．请用英语回复一封邮件，告诉他海报上交的时间，并分享你设计海报的一些想法．‎ 提示词语： design，safety rule，careful，protect，picture 提示问题： When should you hand in the poster？‎ What would you like to share with Peter about designing the poster？‎ Dear Peter，‎ I'm glad to receive your email． _________．‎ If there is anything more that I can help with， please let me know．‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ 题目②‎ ‎ ‎ ‎20. 自律，即自我约束，是自我提升的一种途径，有助于我们成长，促使我们不断前行．‎ 某英文网站正在开展以"自律"为主题的征文活动．假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈为了增强自律意识，你做过什么，以及这样做给你带来的好处．‎ 提示词语： self﹣disciplined（自律的），plan，goal，habit，improve 提示问题： •What did you do to be self﹣disciplined？‎ ‎•What benefits have you got from doing so？‎ Self﹣discipline plays an important role in our life _________． ‎ 第17页 共20页 ◎ 第18页 共20页 参考答案与试题解析 ‎2019年北京市中考英语试卷 知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项．‎ ‎1.【答案】‎ B ‎【解答】‎ 根据I can't wait to see 可知用宾格作see的宾语，Mr． Wang 指男性单数，用him代替，句意：王先生要来我们学校．我等不及要见他．‎ 故选：B．‎ ‎2.【答案】‎ C ‎【解答】‎ on"在…之上、在…时候"；in"在…之内"；of"…的、由…组成的"；to"朝、到、对于"，四者都是介词．on用于具体的时间．由题干"昨天我们在花园里种了一些花．"可知，空格是"在…之内"，用in，因此答案应是in．‎ 故选：C．‎ ‎3.【答案】‎ A ‎【解答】‎ 考查数量．A．how much提问不可数名词，价格等；B．how many提问可数名词复数；C．how long多久，提问时间段；D．how old多大，提问年龄．根据 It's 88 yuan．可知问的是价格，应说这件t恤多少钱？‎ 故选：A．‎ ‎4.【答案】‎ D ‎【解答】‎ 根据回答Yes， I can可知疑问句以can开头，句意：莉莉，你能在十分钟内写完这封信吗？‎ 故选：D．‎ ‎5.【答案】‎ C ‎【解答】‎ A表示为了，B表示所以，C表示但是，D表示或者、否则．根据题干可知这个帽子很好看，但是我戴上不好看，句子前后是转折关系．‎ 故选：C．‎ ‎6.【答案】‎ B ‎【解答】‎ 根据句意：朱莉把家里的狗照顾的很好．她比她的弟弟更有耐心．than是比较级的标志．选项B符合题意．‎ 故选：B．‎ ‎7.【答案】‎ A ‎【解答】‎ 根据句意：Sam 每个周末都跟他的朋友们滑冰．可知时态是一般现在时，主语Sam用动词三单式．‎ 故选：A．‎ ‎8.【答案】‎ D ‎【解答】‎ 根据问句what's your dad doing？可知答句用现在进行时，be（am，is，are）+现在分词，句意：他在修自行车．‎ 故选：D．‎ ‎9.【答案】‎ D ‎【解答】‎ D 考查现在完成时。句意：自2017年以来，我们的学校生活发生了很大变化。我们现在有更多的活动。根据since 2017可知，要用现在完成时，其构成为have/has+过去分词。故选D。‎ ‎10.【答案】‎ A ‎【解答】‎ 根据句意"如果你想去故宫博物院，我明天就给你订票"和时间状语tomorrow可知，主句要用一般将来时，条件状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，选项BCD都不符合语法．‎ 故选：A．‎ ‎11.【答案】‎ C ‎【解答】‎ 主语my advice与动词accept是被动关系，根据last Monday用一般过去时的被动语态，was/were +过去分词，句意：我关于如何节约纸张的建议上星期一被我的班级接受了．‎ 故选：C．‎ ‎12.【答案】‎ B ‎【解答】‎ 考查宾语从句．宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除AC．从She was going over our writing．判断句子使用过去进行时，构成were/was+Ving．‎ 第17页 共20页 ◎ 第18页 共20页 故选：B．‎ 二、完形填空（共8分，）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项．‎ ‎13.【答案】‎ B C A D D B A C ‎【解答】‎ ‎（1）B考查形容词．bored无聊的；afraid害怕的；excited兴奋的；hopeful有希望的．根据下文"that people would feel bad for me if I lost"因此可知这句话的意思是"但是我又害怕如果我落选的话，人们会为我感到难过．"故选B．‎ ‎（2）C考查动词．compare比较；remember记住；manage设法做到；repeat重复．根据"My plan wasn't to make promises to do things I couldn't （2）_____but to show my class why I wanted to be president．" 通过分析句子结构可知这句话的意思是"我的计划不是许诺我设法做到什么事情而只是向同学们表面我想当班长．"故选C．‎ ‎（3）A考查副词．fully满满地；quickly快地；freshly新鲜地；physically身体上地．根据上文"I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom． I also spent three hours writing my speech， saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem．"因此可知这句话的意思是"既然我做了充分地准备，我觉得我获胜的机会更大了．"故选A．‎ ‎（4）D考查动词．feared害怕；faced面对；mentioned提及；pictured想象．根据"I felt that my chances of winning were strong．"以及"the response （反应） wasn't "因此可知这句话的意思是"然而，在竞选的那天我演讲的时候，反应并不是我想象的那样．"故选D．‎ ‎（5）D考查动词．insist坚持；return返回；wait等待；win获胜．根据下文" I wanted to just go home and cry"因此可知这句话的意思是"谁会获胜是很明显的．"故选D．‎ ‎（6）B考查名词．suggestion建议；prediction预测；direction方向；introduction介绍．根据空格后面的词语是was right： I didn't win．因此可知这句话的意思是"我的预测是正确的：我没有获胜．"‎ ‎（7）A考查动词．forgot忘记；wrote写；cared关心；discussed讨论．根据上文" But later， things got better．"以及"talked to me just as they did before"因此可知这句话的意思是"人们忘记了选举的时期，和我说话和以前一样了．"故选A．‎ ‎（8）C考查名词．trust信任；pride自豪；character性格；support支持．根据"I've learned to face disappointment and grown stronger．"因此可知这句话的意思是"失败的时刻就像性格的养成一样，自从那以后，我就学会了如何面对失望和变得更强大．"故选C．‎ 阅读理解（共36分）三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分）‎ ‎14.【答案】‎ A C D ‎【解答】‎ ‎（1）A．细节理解题．根据I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital我甚至参观了一家著名的中医医院，结合表格内容，可知是Mike参观了一家著名的中医医院，故选A．‎ ‎（2）C．细节理解题．根据I stayed with my host family for five months我和我的寄宿家庭呆了五个月，可知是5个月，故选C．‎ ‎（3）D．细节理解题．根据My host sister is a really hardworking student，可知她认为寄宿家庭的姐姐是一个非常用功的学生，故选D．‎ ‎15.【答案】‎ B A D ‎【解答】‎ ‎（1）B 细节理解题． 线索句为：This spring she thought of building a go﹣kart to enter for the Go﹣Go Race．意为"今年春天她打算做一个卡丁车参加卡丁车赛．"结合句意可知，Sally做卡丁车的目的，就是为了参加比赛，故选：B．‎ ‎（2）A 细节理解题． 线索句为： Over three weekends of hard work， Sally turned her design into a real， working go﹣kart and painted it light blue． Dad asked her to take it for a test drive．意为"在三个多星期的艰苦工作之后，Sally把她的设计变成了一辆真正的、能够运转的卡丁车，并且把它涂成了浅蓝色．父亲叫她带它做第一次试驾．"，结合句意可知，在她做完了卡丁车之后，她的父亲叫她测试驾驶，故选：A．‎ ‎（3）D 主旨大意题． 线索句为：Good． Sometimes， learning happens during the process． 意为"很好，有时候，在作事的过程中，我们就会学到东西．"结合句意可知，‎ 第17页 共20页 ◎ 第18页 共20页 学习发生在作事的过程之中，故选：D．‎ ‎16.【答案】‎ B C A ‎【解答】‎ ‎（1）B 细节理解题．根据Firstly， since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster， we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible． We can give ourselves new challenges， meet new people， and expose our minds to new information， hobbies and skills，首先，因为我们知道熟悉会让时间过得更快，所以我们可以让自己接触尽可能多的新体验．我们可以给自己新的挑战，认识新的人，让我们的头脑接触新的信息、爱好和技能，可知要拓宽对时间的体验可以去接触新事物，比如去新的地方旅游，故选B．‎ ‎（2）C． 细节理解题．根据This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts． For example， on the way home， focus your attention outside of yourself， instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with． Look at the sky， or at the buildings you pass， traveling among them． This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time﹣expanding effect这意味着通过我们的感官而不是思想生活．例如，在回家的路上，把你的注意力集中在你自己之外，而不是思考你必须处理的问题．看看天空，或者你路过的建筑，在它们中间穿行．这种对你的经历的开放态度有助于吸收更多的信息，也有一种时间扩张的效果，可知通过感官，我们可以吸收更多的信息，故选C．‎ ‎（3）A． 主旨大意题．根据 How can we slow down time？ Here are two suggestions我们怎样才能放慢时间？这里有两个建议，结合文章内容，文章介绍了心理学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时间，故选A．‎ ‎17.【答案】‎ B C A D ‎【解答】‎ ‎（1）B 内容理解题． 根据第三段 smart machines are likely to increase our biases． Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective，but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process， human beings still decide on the correct answers智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见．许多人认为智能机器必然是正确和客观的，但是机器是通过反复的测试和评分过程来训练的．在这个过程中，人类仍然决定正确的答案，可知因为是技术人员操纵着智能机器，故选B．‎ ‎（2）C 内容理解题． 根据第四段 But today， the Internet gives us the information we need quickly． This can lead to the mistaken belief﹣the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along但是今天，互联网迅速给了我们我们需要的信息．这可能导致错误的信念﹣﹣我们发现的知识是我们一直以来所知道的知识的一部分，可知会导致人们错误的认为自己已经知道了知识，故选C．‎ ‎（3）A 内容理解题． 根据 such as food and energy， would produce terrible results． Without food we get hungry； without energy we feel cold．And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age比如食物和能源，会产生可怕的结果．没有食物，我们会挨饿；没有能量，我们会感到寒冷．正是由于记忆的广泛丧失，文明有陷入黑暗时代的危险，可知上文讲的是我们的健康依赖的任何关系网络的崩溃，collapse意思是坍塌、崩溃，与A突然的失败，意思相近，故选A．‎ ‎（4）D 主旨大意题． 根据 Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen． For one，human beings have biases，and smart machines are likely to increase our biases研究人员已经认识到可能发生的几个问题．首先，人类有偏见，智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见和Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information另一个问题与获取信息的便利性有关，联系文章内容，文章主要讲了科技的发展，人们越来越依赖科技，但这也带来了许多的不利之处，可知是告诉我们不要太依赖智能机器，故选D．‎ 四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题10分）‎ ‎18.【答案】‎ In May， 2010．,Becausetheywantedtostudytheicywaters,He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．,More than 20 feet．,ThedangersofthehugewavestopeopleandwildlifeinArctic ‎【解答】‎ ‎1． In May， 2010．细节理解题．根据文中"The waves were discovered by accident in May， 2010"可知， 海浪于2010年在被偶然发现．故答案是：In May， 2010．‎ ‎2． Because they wanted to study the icy waters．细节理解题．根据文中"They wanted to study the icy waters"可知，他们想研究冰冷的水体．故答案是：Because they wanted to study the icy waters．‎ ‎3． He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．细节理解题．根据文中"He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe"可知，他决定把船开到冰的更深处，以便保持安全．故答案是：He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．‎ ‎4． More than 20 feet．细节理解题．根据文中"They were more than 20 feet in height"可知，它们有20英尺高．故答案是：more than 20 feet．‎ ‎5． The dangers of the huge waves to people and wildlife in Arctic． 细节理解题．根据文中"That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them"和"Wildlife like polar bears and walruses ‎ 第17页 共20页 ◎ 第18页 共20页 that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger"可知，这对海员和当地社区是危险的．靠海冰生活的野生动物（比如北极熊和海象）面临危险，故知本段说的是巨浪对人和北极地区的野生动物的危害性．故答案是：The dangers of the huge waves to people and wildlife in Arctic．‎ 五、文段表达（10分）从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作．文中已给出内容不计入总词数．所给提示词语仅供选用．请不要写出你的校名和姓名．题目①‎ ‎19.【答案】‎ Dear Peter，‎ I'm glad to receive your email．As it is required， you are supposed to hand in the poster before next Friday．（海报上交的时间）‎ Being your close friend， I am extremely willing to share some ideas about designing the poster with you． First ， the basic safety rules are of great importance， which should be included in your poster． 【高分句型一】Second， following the safety rules is so meaningful and crucial that you had better remind your readers of its importance and advise them to be careful both in and out of school． Third， adding a few suggestions about safety awareness is necessary． In addition， it is a good idea for you to draw a few pictures on your poster so as to make it more lively and acceptable．【高分句型二】（设计海报的一些想法）‎ If there is anything more that I can help with， please let me know．‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎【解答】‎ Dear Peter，‎ I'm glad to receive your email．As it is required， you are supposed to hand in the poster before next Friday．（海报上交的时间）‎ Being your close friend， I am extremely willing to share some ideas about designing the poster with you． First ， the basic safety rules are of great importance， which should be included in your poster． 【高分句型一】Second， following the safety rules is so meaningful and crucial that you had better remind your readers of its importance and advise them to be careful both in and out of school． Third， adding a few suggestions about safety awareness is necessary． In addition， it is a good idea for you to draw a few pictures on your poster so as to make it more lively and acceptable．【高分句型二】（设计海报的一些想法）‎ If there is anything more that I can help with， please let me know．‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 题目②‎ ‎20.【答案】‎ Self﹣discipline plays an important role in our life． （点题）‎ To be honest，I am a person who is self﹣disciplined． I used to follow all kinds of rules and hand in the tasks appointed on time at school． And I could not only respect all my teachers but also get on well with my classmates．【高分句型一】At home， I was able to balance housework and homework． I usually made a plan in advance to make it easier to achieve my goal． After finishing all the task， I developed the habit of getting up early and going to bed early． In the society， I spared no effort to improve myself all the time．（如何自律的）‎ In a word， I have benefited a lot from being self﹣disciplined． First of all， I have had many good habits，which makes my life easier and more regular． Secondly， my life and my study have been of high efficiency so that a lot of time has been saved．【高分句型二】 Thirdly， being self﹣disciplined has prepared me for a better and brighter future． In the future， I will continue to be a self﹣disciplined person．（自律的好处）‎ ‎【解答】‎ Self﹣discipline plays an important role in our life． （点题）‎ To be honest，I am a person who is self﹣disciplined． I used to follow all kinds of rules and hand in the tasks appointed on time at school． And I could not only respect all my teachers but also get on well with my classmates．【高分句型一】At home， I was able to balance housework and homework． I usually made a plan in advance to make it easier to achieve my goal． After finishing all the task， I developed the habit of getting up early and going to bed early． In the society， I spared no effort to improve myself all the time．（如何自律的）‎ In a word， I have benefited a lot from being self﹣disciplined． First of all， I have had many good habits，which makes my life easier and more regular． Secondly， my life and my study have been of high efficiency so that a lot of time has been saved．【高分句型二】 Thirdly， being self﹣disciplined has prepared me for a better and brighter future． In the future， I will continue to be a self﹣disciplined person．（自律的好处）‎ 第17页 共20页 ◎ 第18页 共20页