杭州专版2020中考英语复习第二篇语法专题突破专题09复合句课件人教新目标版 23页

专题（九） 复合句 第二篇　语法专题突破 考点一　宾语从句 1.引导词 引导词 用法 例句 that 　如果宾语从句是陈述句,常 用that引导,that本身无意义, 只起连接作用,口语中可省略 The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow. 收音机说明天 要下雨。 if, whether 　如果宾语从句由一般疑问 句转化而来,用if或whether引 导,在句中意为“是否” I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷 这个消息了。 引导词 用法 例句 who, whose, which, when, where, why, how, what 　如果宾语从句由特殊 疑问句转化而来,应用连 接代词或连接副词引导 Could you tell me what he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么 吗? [注意] 下列几种情况,宾语从句中的引导词通常用whether: (1)表示“是否”,尤其是直接与or not 连用时,往往用whether。 I don't know whether or not he has come back. 我不知道他是否已经 回来了。 (2)在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。 This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 这要看我们 是否有决心去做。 (3)和动词不定式连用时,只能用whether,不能用if。 He doesn't know whether to stay or not. 他不知道是否要留下来。 (4)在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。 We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. 我们讨 论了是否应该对计划进行变动。 2.语序 　　无论主句是什么语序,在宾语从句中,除了引导词放在从句的句首外,要 用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+……”。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中 充当主语时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语+……”。 The teacher asked me why I was late this morning. 老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。 I don't know who is the richest of them. (who在宾语从句中作主语) 我不知道他们中谁最富有。 3.时态 　　宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约,这种现象被称 为前后时态的一致性。宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况: (1)主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。 Do you know who he was talking with at eight last Sunday? 你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗? (2)主句是一般过去时,从句也应用过去的某种时态。 The teacher wanted to know if her students had finished their homework. 这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。 (3)当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般 现在时。 She said the sun rises in the east. 她说太阳从东方升起。 I didn't know you like classical music. 我过去不知道你喜欢古典音乐。 4.否定前移 　　在含有think(认为), believe(相信), suppose(设想), expect(期 待)等动词的宾语从句中,如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否 定式要前移,即将主句的谓语动词think, believe, suppose, expect 等变为否定形式。 I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。 [注意] 如果宾语从句中有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,将从句放在 宾语补足语之后。 I thought it strange that she didn't come. 我认为她没来很奇怪。 5.宾语从句的简化 　　当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构的简单句。 I don't know what I should say.→I don't know what to say.我不知道 要说什么。 考点二　状语从句 　　状语从句的考查点主要集中在引导状语从句的连词和状语从句 的时态等方面。状语从句分为地点状语从句、时间状语从句、原因 状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状 语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。现归纳如下: 类型 连词 例句 地点状语 从句 where, wherever Cross the stream where it is the shallowest. 从最浅的地方过河。 We'll go wherever you say. 你说的任何地方 我们都去。 类型 连词 例句 时间状语 从句 when, while, after, before, since, till, until, as, as soon as, whenever, ever since I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai. 我一到上海就给你打电话。 I waited till/until he came back. 我一直等 到他回来。 I'll tell him when he comes. 当他来的时 候,我将告诉他。 Whenever we're in trouble, they'll help us. 无论何时我们有麻烦,他们都会帮助我们。 类型 连词 例句 原因状语 从句 as, because, since, now that Susan didn't come to school yesterday because she was ill. 苏珊昨天没来上学,因为 她病了。 Since her brother was busy, he didn't come. 她哥哥因为忙没有来。 Now that you have finished your homework, you can play basketball. 既然你已经完成了家庭作业,你可以打篮球。 类型 连词 例句 条件状语 从句 if, unless,as long as You won't pass the exam unless you work harder. 如果不更加努力学习,你将通不过考试。 I don't mind as long as it doesn't rain. 只要 不下雨就行了。 比较状语 从句 than, as…as…, not so/as…as… This book is more interesting than that one. 这本书比那本书有趣。 Maths is as important as physics. 数学和物 理同样重要。 类型 连词 例句 目的状语 从句 in case, so that, in order that She stood up so that she might see more clearly. 她站起来以便能看得更清楚。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 随身带一顶帽子,以防太晒。 结果状语 从句 so…that…, such…tha t… He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他是如此生气,以至于说不出话来。 She is such a lovely girl that everyone loves her. 她是一个如此可爱的女孩,大家都喜欢她。 类型 连词 例句 让步状语 从句 although, though, even though, no matter, whatever, whoever Though it was late, we went on working. 虽然晚了,但是我们继续工作。 No matter what the weather is like, they will go out to have sports tomorrow. 无论天气怎样,他们明天都将出去进行体育 运动。 【拓展】 (1)主句与从句时态一致的问题 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句的时态一致一般分为下列 三种情况: ①主现从现: 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词,那么从句用一般现在时 表示将来。 Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 当红灯亮时,车辆必须 停下来。 ②主将从现: 主句用一般将来时,而从句用一般现在时表示将来。 I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空时,我将去看望 我的好友。 If she is here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来 这里,我将和她一起去公园。 ③过去时态: 若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时 或过去进行时。 My sister was playing the piano when I got home yesterday. 昨天 我到家时,我妹妹正在弹钢琴。 (2)宾语从句和状语从句同时出现 I don't know if(是否) he will come.If(如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话,我将告诉他这 起事故。 I don't know when(什么时候) he will come tomorrow. When(当……的 时候) he comes, I will tell him about the news.我不知道他明天什么时 候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 (3)so…that…和such…that…的用法 用法 例句 so+形容词或副词 +that从句 She is so lovely that we all love her. 她如此可 爱,我们所有人都喜欢她。 so+形容词+a/an+可 数名词单数+that从句 It is so interesting a book that he enjoys reading it. 如此有趣的一本书,他很喜欢读。 so+many/few+可数 名词复数+that从句 There were so many people in the supermarket that we had to wait for a long time. 超市里的人如此多,我们不得不等了很长时间。 用法 例句 so+much/little(少)+不 可数名词+that从句 He has so much money that he can afford the house. 他有那么多的钱,能买得起这座房子。 such+a/an(+形容词)+ 可数名词单数+that从句 He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. 他是那么好的一位老师,我们所有人都尊重他。 用法 例句 such(+形容词)+可数名 词复数+that从句 They are such interesting movies that children love them very much. 如此有趣的电影,孩子们非常喜欢它们。 such(+形容词)+不可数 名词+that从句 It was such bad weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太糟糕了,我们不得不待在家里。