宿迁专版2020中考英语复习第二篇语法专题突破专题11非谓语动词课件 19页

语法专题（十一） 非谓语动词 第二篇　语法专题突破 考点一　动词不定式 1. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形;否定形式为：not to+动词原形。 2. 动词不定式的用法 功能 用法 例句 作主语 常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后 置。常用句型：It is+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth.; It takes sb.+时间段+to do sth. To swim here alone is very dangerous.=It's very dangerous to swim here alone. 独自在这儿游泳很危险。 作表语 常位于be动词后 My job today is to clean the room. 我今天的工作是打扫房间。 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 I decided to go on a trip to Dali. 我决定去大理旅游。 作宾语 补足语 在使役动词make, let, have和 感官动词hear, see, watch等后面, 省略to Miss Li made us do Exercise One. 李老师让我们做练习一。 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语 Do you have anything to do? 你有要做的事吗? 功能 用法 例句 作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原 因状语 I get up early every morning to catch the early bus. 我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班车。 与疑问 词构成 不定式 短语 “疑问词what, how, who, which, when…+to do” 在句中可作主语、 表语、宾语等 She really didn't know what to do next. 她真的不知道下一步该怎么办。 3. 动词不定式考点归纳 (1)后跟不定式作宾语或宾补的动词(短语)： afford, begin/start, choose, decide, try, hope/wish, expect, agree, promise, happen, refuse, learn, seem, volunteer, fail, (would) like/love, want, ask, tell, allow, warn, encourage, force, invite, teach, advise, try one's best等 (2)在使役动词和一些感官动词后用不定式作宾补,这时要省略to。这些词有： 一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(observe, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,to要还原。 (3)在“Why not+动词原形?”“had better (not)+动词原形”“Let's+动词 原形”这三个结构中,动词不定式要省略to。 Why not go out for a walk? 为什么不出去散步呢? You'd better go by bus. 你最好乘公共汽车去。 【巧学妙记】 后跟to do作宾语的动词(短语)： ①想要,拒绝,忘记(want/would like, refuse, forget) ②需要,努力,学习(need, try, learn) ③喜欢,同意,帮助(like, agree, help) ④希望,决定,开始(hope/wish, decide, begin/start) 4. 既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式的动词 (1)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,且意义差别不大的动词有： like, love, hate, begin, start等。 Do you like playing/to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗? (2)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大的动词(短语) 有： He stopped watching TV and began to read English. 他停止看电视,开始读英语。 He watched TV for an hour. At 8：00 he stopped to do his homework. 他看了一个小时的电视。八点钟他停下(看电视)去做作业。 (3)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词 或名词后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式(真正的 宾语)”结构。 I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。 考点二　动名词 1. 动名词的构成：动词原形+-ing,与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质 又有名词的性质。 2. 动名词的用法 功能 用法 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语,谓语动词用 单数形式 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 玩太多电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 动名词作宾语表示一般的习惯 性行为或经常性动作 My sister likes dancing very much. 我妹妹非常喜欢跳舞。 动名词作介词的宾语 I'm looking forward to going home. 我期待回家。 作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转 化为作主语 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务是擦窗户。 作定语 位于所修饰词之前,只表明所修 饰词的用途等 My mother bought a washing machine last Sunday. 我妈妈上周日买了一台洗衣机。 3. 后接动名词作宾语的词及短语 (1)常接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, avoid, prefer, need/require/want等。 (2)常接动名词作宾语的短语有：be busy, feel like, give up, can't help, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can't stop, keep/stop…from, look forward to, put off, have fun, have difficulty/problem/trouble (in) 等。 【巧学妙记】 后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)： ①完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy) ②继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up) ③考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like) ④喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind) 考点三　分词 1. 构成 (1)现在分词：v.-ing形式,表示动作正在发生,表主动意义。 (2)过去分词：v.-ed形式,表示动作已经完成,含有被动意义。 2. 用法 (1)作定语 China is a developing country. America is a developed country. 中国是一个发展中国家。美国是一个发达国家。 I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。 (2)作表语 The book is interesting. I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。 (3)作宾语补足语 I saw her going upstairs. 我看见她正在上楼。 I want to have some photos taken.我想拍几张照片。 (4)作状语 Laughing and talking, they went into the room. 他们有说有笑地走进了房间。 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅰ.单项选择 1. [2017·宿迁]The girl students are discussing 　　　　the walls in the classroom. A.what to paint color B.to paint what color C.which color to paint D.to paint which color 2. [2015·宿迁]I heard Tom 　　　　when I walked past his room yesterday. A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.sang B C 对 接 中 考 专 练 3. It took us one week 　　　　this article 　　　　by Mo Yan. A.read; written B.to read; written C.reading; to write D.to read; to write 4. —I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? —I haven't decided where　　　　. A.go B.went C.going D.to go 5. They looked forward with hope 　　　　a chance to receive further education. A.for getting B.of getting C.to get D.to getting B D D 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅱ.根据句意或句子的语法要求,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He tried all the ways he could think of 　 　　　 (protect) himself against all possible dangers. 2. They are looking forward to 　　　 　(win) the first prize in the coming competition. 3. The kids had fun　 　　　 (swim) in the water. 4. My washing machine doesn't work, so I will have it　 　　　 (repair). 5. John used to 　　 (get) up late, but now he‘s used to 　 　　(get) up early. to protect winning swimming repaired get getting