2020中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致 41页

主谓一致 主谓一致是指主语和谓语必须保持人称和数的变化一致，即句中谓语的变化形式要根据句子主语的人称和数的形式决定。 主谓一致通常遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。 语法一致 语法一致是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，其谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，其谓语动词也用复数形式。 考点一： 一般情况下，主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 1. —______ any students in the classroom when the earthquake happened? —Yes, but they have been saved.   A. There were          B. Was there      C. There are              D. Were there 2. —I’m hungry. ______ there any bread in the fridge, Mum? —None, but we have cakes. Would you like to have one?  ) A. Is            B. Are           C. Will   考点二： 用  and 或 both ... and ...  连接并列主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。 Andy, you’d better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit ______ good for you.   A. is                     B. are    C. was                 D. were 考点三：不定代词作主语 any, either, neither, none, each, one ， the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone ， everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 —Which would you like, tea or coffee? —Either ______ OK, but I prefer coffee ______ milk. A. is; has               B. are; with   C. is; with             D. are; has  考点四： 当主语后面跟有 with, except, including,  together with, as well as, in addition to 等词语引导的短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。 1. The summer holidays are coming, so the twins as well as Jack ______ to Hong Kong for vacation.   A. is going             B. are going   C. goes              D. go 2. —What are you going to do this weekend? —I together with my classmates ______ going to climb Mount Qian.   A. is    B. am      C. are   D. were   考点五： 一些由两个部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式，如 shoes, trousers, clothes, scissors, chopsticks, glasses 等。但如果这些名词前有 a kind of, a pair of, a series of 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 This pair of shoes ______ me well, but the shoes ______ expensive.   A. fit; are       B. fits; are     C. fits; is 2. This pair of pants ______ mine. Yours may ______ on the bed.   A. is; be     B. are; be         C. are; are 考点六： 1. “a number of +  复数可数名词  /  代词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； “ the number of +  复数可数名词  /  代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2. “ 分数  /  百分数 + of +  名词”和“ the rest of +  名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式由名词决定。 1. —What ______ the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them ______ from the countryside.   A. is; are                 B. is; is   C. are; is                 D. are; are 2. —When will the railway that connects the two cities open? —______ next year. Only two thirds ______ been built.   A. Until; has                  B. Until; have         C. Not until; has            D. Not until; have 考点七： 动词不定式或动词 -ing  形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Climbing hills ______ good for our health. A. are                    B. is        C. was                   D. were 意义一致 意义一致是指谓语动词和主语的一致不是取决于主语的语法形式，而是由其意义决定。 考点一： 当表示距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词 ( 词组 ) 作主语时，常将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 —Do you need more time to complete the task? —Yes. Another ten days ______ enough. A. is                            B. was    C. are                         D. were 考点二： 某些集体名词 ( 如 family, class, team, group 等 ) 作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 1. Look! The police ______ the food onto the bank of the river. A. am carrying       B. is carrying   C. are carrying      D. are carried 2. The team ______ the best in the game and the team ______ trying their best to play. A. is; is                 B. is; are  C. are; are           D. are; is 考点三： 一些形式上是复数，但意义上是单数的名词，如 news, works, physics, maths, politics 等，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 I hope there ______ good news tonight. A. is                 B. are          C. was               D. were 考点四： 1.  如果主语由“ the +  形容词”充当时，谓语动词常用复数形式。这类词有 the brave ， the poor ， the rich ， the blind ， the young ， the old ， the sick ， the dead 等。 2. “the +  姓氏的复数形式”表示某某一家人或某某夫妇作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 1. The young ______ hard to get a better life these days. A. is working                  B. have worked      C. has worked                 D. are working 2. The Whites ______ the holiday in Europe next week. A. is going to take           B. are going to take C. takes                           D. take 考点五： 代词 what, which, who, some, any 等作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定其单复数形式。 1. —Which ______ your chair, Paul? —The red one. It’s near Jim’s. A. is   B. are     C. was     D. were 2. —Do you know where the cards are? —Yes. There ______ some in my bedroom. A. is         B. are      C. was         D. were 就近一致 就近一致是指谓语动词的数要与其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 考点一： 以 or, not only ... but also ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ...  等连接的名词 ( 或代词 ) 作主语时，谓语动词常与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 1. —Neither Tony nor I ______ interested in playing Weibo. —You are out.   A. am         B. is    C. are 2. Not only my friends but also I ______ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star. A. be       B. am   C. is        D. are 考点二： 在 there be  句型中，如果有两个或两个以上的主语时，主语与谓语的一致遵循着两个相矛盾的原则：就近一致和语法一致。做题时，常依据就近一致原则。 1. There ______ some milk and two eggs on the table. A. is     B. are  C. has  2. There ______ a book and some pens in the bag. Please give them to the old man. A. be        B. are        C. is    D. have 3. There ______ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncle’s farm now.   A. was               B. were        C. is                  D. are