备战2021 中考英语 导练案 考点16 被动语态 （学生版） 9页

考点 16 被动语态 命题趋势： 动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知 识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。 中考考查重点： 1. 被动语态的句型； 2. 被动语态的各种时态形式； 3. 被动语态的用法； 4. 主动语态变被动语态； 5. 主动形式表示被动意义。 被动语态 考向一：被动语态的句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 ( + by ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过 去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分 词(+ by)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主 语 + 过去分词(+by)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要 拆毁这座桥? 考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 主 语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。 一般过去时 主 语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。 一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过 去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你 回来。 When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？ 现在进行时 主 语 + am/is/am + being + 过去分词 + 其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因 为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。 过去进行时 主 语 + was/were + being + 过 去 分 词 + 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经 过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。 现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经 推迟到下周五了吗？ 过去完成时 主 语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经 有人强行进过这间屋子。 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新 旅馆已经建好了。 情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其 他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天 量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成 蒸气。 考向三：被动语态的用法 用法 例句 不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？ The book was published in 2005. 这本书是 2005 年出版的。 强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望 学校。 当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。 表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的 执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不 要吵闹。 句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是 来自新西兰的一位教授。 考向四：主动语态变被动语态 说明 例句 含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动 词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的 主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形 式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作 的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语 （人称代词宾格）＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English. → Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。 含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时， 可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为 被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当 直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介 词 to 或 or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。 含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句 的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简 称主补)。 We call him Li Hua. →He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。 【易错警示】 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定 式符号 to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。 含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓 语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被 动语态。 They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full use of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。 【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。 考向五：主动形式表示被动意义 情况 例句 说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式 表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell， teach，wash，write 等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容 易切。 表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动 意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound 等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。 某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动 意义，如：need，want，require，worth 等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 【知识拓展】 常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组： be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着 被动语态记忆口诀 被动语态强调＂宾＂，用 be 加上＂过去分＂。 ＂be＂要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。 ＂行为对象＂作主语，逻辑主语＂by＂来引。 原句若是双宾语，一变＂主＂来一保＂宾＂。 ＂间宾＂要把主语变，原来＂直宾＂还是＂宾＂。 ＂直宾＂要把主语变，＂间宾＂前加＂to＂最称心。 唯有原＂宾＂是＂复合＂，只有变宾要当心。 原句＂宾补＂变＂主补＂，位置不必挪寸分。 情态动词变＂被动＂，情态加 be 加过分。 如若＂情态＂后带 to，变后有 to 才弄准。 ＂短语动词＂变＂被动＂，相当＂及物＂莫疑心。 不过其后＂介＂或＂副＂，变后还得要承认。 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Nearly everybody here___________（know）when the old museum___________ （build）. 2. The building can___________（see）from every part of the city; It ___________（build） many years ago . 3. Yesterday Tom__________（tell）me that his bike_________（break）last week. 4. The students ___________ often___________（tell）to take care of their desks and chairs. 5. Now he___________（be）asked if the meeting__________（hold）next Friday. 6. It is known to all that the moon___________（turn）round the earth. 7. Miss Li often___________（use）a recorder in her English class. But she___________（not use）it tomorrow. 8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits___________（sell）in this shop. 9. English___________（speak）here. 10. The song___________（like）by us all twenty years ago. 11.___________ the pair of new shoes___________（suit）you? 12. The bottle___________（break）by the cat yesterday. 13. A tall tree___________（can , see）in the picture. 14. The sports meeting___________（hold）last week. 15. We___________（tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from Australia. 16. Look, Mr Smith___________（take）to the station by Mark in his car. 17. These trees should___________（water）after they___________（plant）. 18. The TV set___________（make）in Beijing. It __________（make）last April. 19. Colour TVs___________（sell）in that shop. 20. When the People’s Republic of China___________（found）? 1. 【2020 •黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】—It's reported that 31 of the brave young men ________ in a big forest fire in Sichuan. —I don't know who they are, but I know who they are for. A. had killed B. killed C. were killed 2.【2020 •黑龙江绥化】The old lady __________ the hospital in time at last. A. is taken to B. took to C. was taken to 3.【2020 •贵州省安顺市】— Krystal, do you know how tea is produced? — Yes. When tea leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then ________ for processing. A. send B. are sent C. were sent 4. 【2020•黑龙江哈尔滨市】— What language ________ in Canada? —Both English and French. A. is spoken B. speaks C. is speaking 5.【2020 •吉林省】How delicious the cake is! It_____________ by my grandmother this morning. A. made B. is made C. was made 6.【2020 •南通市】As soon as books ________, the volunteers posted them to the students in Hope Primary School. A. are raised B. were raised C. raised D. have raised 7.【2020 •无锡市】 The bush fires in Australia ________ after a few months, leaving millions of animals dead. A. were run out B. run out C. were put out D. put out 8.【2020 •盐城市】It is said that Yancheng-Nantong High-speed Railway in December, 2020. A. complete B. is completed C. was completed D. will be completed 9.【2020 •扬州市】—Have you tasted baozza, a mixture of pizza and baozi? —Sure. Thousands of baozza________ at a baozi factory in Yang zhou each day next month. A. will make B. makes C. was made D. will be made 10.【2020 •镇江市】It is reported that the Tokyo 2020 Olympics___________ no later than summer 2021. A. is held B. will be held C. will hold D. hold 11.【2020 •江西省】You ________ lunch at school. So you don’t have to bring your own food. A. give B. will give C. are given D. have given 12.【2020 •辽宁丹东】Basketball________ in 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics. A. plays B. is played C. was played D. played 13.【2020 •铁岭葫芦岛】—Mr. Wang is very famous in our school. —That's for sure. He ________ by reporters tomorrow. A. interviews B. interviewed C. is interviewed D. will be interviewed 14.【2020 •青海省】—What do you know about the earthquake happened in the morning? —The wounded people ________ to the hospital in time. A. are brought B. were brought C. will be brought 15.【2020 •天津市】That machine is broken. It ________ tomorrow. A．repaired B．was repaired C．will repair D．will be repaired 16.【2020 •四川省成都市】Wuchazi Bridge ________ as an Internet-famous place in Chengdu. A. regards B. is regarded C. is regarding 17. 【2020 •乐山市】The 24th Winter Olympic Games ____________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022. A. is held B. will hold C. will be held 18. 【2020 •凉山州】As the most exciting and traditional way to shop, street markets __________here and there in China these days. A. find B. found C. are found D. were found 19. 【2020 •新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】Most of the earth's surface________ by water. A. is covered B. covers C. is grown D. grows 20. 【2020 •重庆市】Another bridge over the Jialing River________last year. A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built 1. 【2020 •重庆南开中学下学期阶段测试】--- Mom, where is my model plane? --- Oh, it ______ to Jenny yesterday. A. is lent B. lends C. was lent D. lent 2. 【2020 •重庆市永川一诊测试题】A new museum______________ in Yongchuan two years ago, many children can come here on weekends. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built 3. 【2020 •山东省菏泽市曹县二模】These cakes ________ with chocolate. Have one, please. A. are filled B. fill C. filled 4.【2020•北京市 101 中学三模】 The students ________many chances to take part in after-class activities every term． A. give B. gave C. are given D. were given 5. 【2020•安徽省合肥市庐阳区二模】—Why didn’t you fly to Moscow? —Because all the flights ________ A. are canceled B. were canceled C. will be canceled D. have been canceled 6.【2020•福建省龙岩市二模】 China's Long March 5B carrier rocket into space in Hainan Province on May 5,2020. A. sent B. was sent C. was sending 7.【2020•甘肃省张掖市一模】 If you see the cartoon film, you will _____ laugh. A. be made B. be made to C. make to D. make 8.【2020•北京市昌平区二模】A lot of vegetables ________to Wuhan during the 2020 Spring Festival. A. were sent B. sent C. is sent D. send 9. 【2020•北京市丰台区三模】 Online learning ___________ by more people because it's convenient. A. accepts B. accepted C. is accepted D. was accepted 10.【2020•安徽省合肥市二模】Too much water ________ in the world every day, and we should do something to protect it. A. wastes B. wasted C. was wasted D. is wasted 11.【2020•北京市朝阳区中考零模】Today, computers are really helpful. They ______ everywhere. A. use B. are used C. used D. were used