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年级
九年级
科目
English
时间
2015、3、27
主备人
范冬霞
备课组
赵芳红 赵建岐 范冬霞
第一课时
课题
专题八 介词
教学目标
1.掌握英语中常考介词的用法2.常考介词短语的用法
重点难点
1. 常用介词的基本用法2.易混介词的用法辑区别
考点分析:从近几年中考对介词的考查往往是从情景中来考查与介词有关的短语及句型。
教
学
步
骤
及
教
学
内
容
一. 检查作业
二. 新课导入——介词的用法
1. 常考介词的基本用法
2. 介词和各类词搭配构成的介词短语
3. 容易误用的介词的区别
三. 中考连接(近几年中考常考介词的用法)
四. 课堂总结
五. 课堂练习
六. 家庭作业
专题七 介词讲义
一、初中英语常用介词的基本用法
根据介词的意义分类
A. 表示时间的介词
1.at表示时间点用at,ight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
2.on指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the t等。
3.in指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
4.介词by表示…的时候、到、等到…已经等用在天、时间的前面。如:by 2 o‘clock
5.介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。
如:My mother came home after half an hour.
介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。
如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
6.介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.
7.介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.
如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .
介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.
8.时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till。
如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.
9.不用介词表达时间的几种情况
当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如:next Sunday
当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
B表示地点方位的介词
at,under,beside,inside,close to,off,down,beyond,along……
1.方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.
介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?
介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.
方位介词under与below的用法辨析
介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.
介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.
2.方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。
如:She went across the street to make some purchases.
介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。
如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.
介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.
3.方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析
介词in表示“排、行、组”,如:We are in Team One.
介词on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.
介词at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front of the classroom.
4.方位介词to、for的用法辨析
介词to表示目的地或去的目的,如:Wil you take a train to Tianjian.
介词for表示动身去某地,如:He got on a train for Shanghai.
5.地点介词at与in的用法辨析
介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.
介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.
6地点介词at与on的用法辨析
介词at用于门牌号,如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.
介词on用于路名,如:He lives on Nanjing Road.
7.地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.
介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.
8.between, among(表位置)
between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也 用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:
He is the best among the students.
9.beside, besides
beside意为"在…旁边",而besides意为"除…之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
10.in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指动物或人在树上,而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
11.on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道
by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法
12.in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外
13.in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
14.by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
C.表示手段施动者的介词
like, with, in,by
D.表示其他含义的介词
except,esides,instead of
【真题再现】
1. Kelly cooked dinner ________ her parents while they were cleaning the yard. (成都)
A. with B. for C. to
剖析:本题是考查介词的用法。for在这里可以表达“为……”或“替……”的意思。答案:B
2. My father goes to work ______ his car. (泸州)
A. by B. in C. on
剖析:by、in、on都可以表示方式,后接交通工具的名词。但by一般后面直接跟交通工具名词;表示“在……车里”不常用on。答案:A
3. I often go shopping with my mother _____ Sunday mornings. (南通)
A. in B. at C. for D. on
剖析:此题是考查时间介词的用法。泛指 “在早晨(上午、下午、晚上)”等情况时,常表达为in the morning/afternoon/evening, 但如果指具体某一天的早晨、上午、下午或晚上,则不用介词in,而要用介词on。答案: D
二、介词的常见搭配
英语许多动词、形容词和名词都与特定的介词搭配,我们必须熟悉这些搭配关系。
1.动词与介词(或副词)的搭配
add…to 加到……上 agree with 同意(某人)
arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问
begin…with 从……开始 believe in 相信
break into 闯入 break off 打断 break out 爆发 bring down 降低
bring in 引进 bring up 教育,培养 build up 建起 burn down 烧光
call back 回电话 call for 要求约请 call in 召来 call on 拜访 访问
care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展
carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐 clear up 整理,收拾
come about 发生,产生 come across (偶然)遇见 come out 出来
come to 共计 达到 compare…with 与……比较
compare to 比作 cut off 切断 date from 始于 depend on 依靠
devote to 献于 die out 灭亡 divide up 分配 dream of 梦想
fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒 feed on 以……为食 get down to 专心于
get through 通过 give in 让步,屈服give out 分发 give up 放弃
go abroad 出国 go against 反对 go on with 继续 go through 浏览
grow up 生长 hand down 传下来 hear about 听说 hold out 伸出
join up 连接起来 keep off 让开,不接近keep on 继续 lead to 导致
live on 靠……为生 look down upon 看不起look forward to 盼望 look into 调查
look out 当心 look(a) round 仔细查看set off 动身 set up 建立
show off 炫耀 shut up 住口speed up 加速 stand for 代表,象征
stick to 坚持 suffer from 遭受talk of 谈论 think of 考虑,想起
try out 试验 turn down 调低 turn off 关掉 worry about 担心
2.介词成语
1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成,单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语:
at:
at a stretch 一连,连续地 at a time 一次,每次
at ease 稍息,安心 at first sight 一见(钟情)
at first 最初,开始时 at heart 在内心
at home 在家,随便 at last 最后
at least 至少 at length 最后,详细地
at most 至多 at once 立即,同时
at peace(war) 处于和平(战争)状态 at play(work) 在玩耍(工作)
at present 现在,目前 at random 随意地,胡乱地
at the risk of 冒…的风险 at the same time (与此)同时
at the start 一开头 at the time 此刻,这时
at times 有时候 at will 任意地
by:
by accident 偶然 by air 航空
by all means 想一切办法 by bus (plane, etc) 坐巴士(飞机等)
by chance 偶然 by cheque 用支票
by choice 出于自愿 by daylight 在大白天
by day(night) 白天(夜间) by force 靠武力by mistake 错误地,误把…
by turns 轮流 by surprise 突然,出其不意 by the way 顺便说一句
in:
in a sense 从某种意义上说 in addition(to) 此外(除…之外)
in advance 事前 in all 总共 in any case (event) 不管怎样,反正
in brief 简而言之 in case 要是,如果 in case of 在…情况下
in comparison 比较起来 in danger 处于危险中in debt 负债 in demand 有需求
in detail 详细地 in fact 实际上in general 一般说来
in one’s opinion 在(某人)看来 in order to (that) 以便,为了
in other words 换句话说in part(s) 部分地 in person 亲自
in practice 实际上 in public(private) 公开(私下)地
in regard to 关于 in short 总之 in the end 最后 in the middle of 在…中间 in time 及时地,经过一段时间 in vain 白白地,没有结果
on:
on account of 由于 on behalf of 代表(某人)
on board 在船(飞机)上 on condition 在…条件下
on duty 值班 on fire 着火
on foot 步行 on guard 有警惕,值班
on hand 在身边 on holiday 在休假
on purpose 故意地 on sale 在出售
on strike 罢工 on the contrary 相反
on the way 在路上 on time 准时
on the top of 在…上面 on the run 正在逃窜
out of:
out of action 失灵 out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险
out of doors 在户外 out of fashion 不时新
out of hand 失去控制 out of order 坏了
out of reach 无法得到(拿到) out of sight 看不见
out of temper 发脾气 out of question 不可能
out of touch(with) 和…失去联系 out of tune 走调
out of use 不再使用 out of work 失业
2)有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语:
day after day 日复一日地 year after year 年复一年
one after another 一个接一个地 one by one 一个接一个
little by little 一点一点地 side by side 并肩
step by step 一步步地 face to face 面对面
arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand 手牵手地
day to day 日常的 day by day 一天一天地
day before yesterday 前天 day after tomorrow 后天
heart to heart 互相交心的
)还有一些成语包含两个介词:
from beginning to end 从头至尾 from bad to worse 越来越糟
from time to time 不时地 from head to foot 浑身
from morning to night 从早到晚 from start to finish 从头至尾
from door to door 挨门挨户地 from place to place 到各地
from generation to generation 一代一代地 from cover to cover (书面) 全部地,从头至尾
4)此外,“be+形容词+介词”也是一类成语:
be found of 喜欢 be full of 充满 be interested in 对…有兴趣
be keen on 热衷于 be confident in 对…有信心 be short of 缺乏
be sick of 厌恶 be proud of 对…感到骄傲 be loyal to 对…忠诚
be ashamed of 为…感到羞耻 be worried about 为…担心 be aware of 意识到
be busy with 忙于(某事) be different from 和…不同be famous for 因…而出名
三、介词的省略
1. 在一些结构中,动名词前面的介词 in 常常可以省略;在另一些结构中,介词 from 常常可以省略。中学生常见的这类结构有:
be busy (in) doing sth be kept busy (in) doing sth
be engaged (in) doing sth have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth
spend time (in) doing sth prevent sb (from) doing sth
stop sb (from) doing sth It is no use (in) doing something
There is no use/ good (in) doing sth
但是,当 spend time in doing sth, prevent/ stop somebody from doing sth 中的 spend, prevent 和 stop 为被动语态时,介词 in 和 from 一般不可省略。例如:
They spent a large sum of money (in) building the tower. →
A large sum of money was spent in building the tower.
The heavy rain prevented us (from) attending the lecture. →
We were prevented from attending the lecture by the heavy rain.
2. 由 what, whose, how, when, whether 等引导的名词性从句或不定式短语作介词宾语时,其前的 of, about 通常可以省略。例如:
She has no idea (of) what to do.
I'm not aware (of) how he got it.
He hesitated (about) what to do next.
I'm too old to care (about) what I look like.
3. 引导时间段的介词 for 和表示行为方式的 way 前面的介词 in 常可省略。例如:
The snowy weather lasted (for) two weeks.
He lived alone (for) ten years.
Don't treat her (in) that way.
表示时间段的 for 短语出现在句首或否定句中时, for 一般不能省略。例如:
We haven't seen each other for two years.
For many years, he lived in the shed alone.
4. age, color, weight, length, width, height, design, shape, size 等名词作介词 of 的宾语,而且 of 短语在句中作表语时, of 可以省略。例如:
The two machines are (of) the same design.
The boys are (of) the same height .
It is (of) no use to me.
中考连接
1. (2011清远,27)We should protect the animals _______danger.
A:on B:in C:of D:at
2. (2011深圳,7)——Do you often go swimming _______Sunday mornings?
——Yes.Why not——with me this Sunday?
A:on;go B:in;to go C:on;going D:in;going
3. (2011广东,32)It's time______the weather report.Turn on the radio,please.
A:to B:in C:at D:for
4. (2010阳江,26) I waited for a bus for a long time.I gave up ______and
walked home.
A:at first B:at least C:in the end D:at the beginning
5. (2010汕头,30)Wushu is becoming more and more popular _____westerners.
A:among B:between C:in D:within
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