2020_2021中考英语知识点归纳及题型专练重点考点归纳（pdf版附解析） 12页

2020-2021 学年初三英语知识点归纳及题型专练：重点考点归纳 一、by ①Last weekend,my parents went to London by air.上周末,我的父母乘飞机去了伦敦。 (by＋交通工具,表示“通过……；乘……；由……”。) ②Students should go to bed by 22：30 at night.学生们应该在晚上十点半之前上床睡觉。 (by＋时间名词,意为“在……之前”。) ③She was drinking orange juice by the swimming pool.她正在游泳池边喝橙汁。 (by＋地点名词,意为“在……旁边”,相当于 beside。) ④The book named Old Man and the Sea was written by Hemingway.《老人与海》这本书是海明威写的。 At last,we found out that the window was broken by Tom.最后,我们发现窗户是汤姆打破的。 (用于被动语态,意为“被；由”,引出动作发出者。) ⑤I study English by listening to tapes.我通过听磁带来学习英语。 (by＋doing__sth.意为“通过……方式或途径做某事”, 对 by 引导的方式状语提问用 how。) ⑥其他短语：by oneself 独自；by mistake 无意地；by accident 偶然地；by the end of 到……末为止 二、“疑问词＋动词不定式” 结构的用法 (九全册 Unit 1 P5) ①How to deal with it(作主语) is still a problem.如何处理它仍然是一个难题。 ②The question is which to choose(作表语).问题是选哪一个。 ③I don't know where to go on vacation(作宾语).我不知道去哪儿度假。 (疑问词who,what,which等和疑问副词when,where,how等后面跟不定式,构成“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构, 在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。) 三、感叹句 ①What a foggy day (it is)！好大的雾！ (What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！) ②What beautiful flowers__(they are)！多么漂亮的花啊！ (What＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！) ③What nice weather__(it is)！多好的天气啊！ (What＋adj.＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！) ④How beautiful these flowers are！这些花多漂亮呀！ How quickly Bob runs！鲍勃跑得多快啊！ (How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！) 注意：究竟用 how 还是用 what/what a/what an,一切以主谓之前的词性为准。主谓之前为形容词/副词 考虑 how,主谓之前为名词考虑 what。 四、辨析 lie 与 lay ①A dog lay in front of the gate yesterday.The dog still lies there now,so the dog has lain there for two days.昨天一 只狗躺在门前。今天这只狗仍然躺在那儿,所以这只狗已经躺在那儿两天了。 (此句中 lie 意为“躺下”,其过去式为 lay,过去分词为 lain,现在分词为 lying。) ②A boy with a group of sheep lied to kind people twice last week.He has already lied to the kind people many times since last month.People don't believe him,because he is a liar.放羊的男孩上周对善良的人们撒谎了两次。 自从上个月以来,他已经对善良的人们撒谎了很多次。人们不相信他,因为他是个骗子。 (此句中 lie 意为“撒谎”,其过去式为 lied,过去分词为 lied,现在分词为 lying,撒谎者为 liar。) ③Look！The hen is laying an egg.And she has laid over 20 eggs.Yesterday she laid a very big egg.看！这只母鸡正 在下蛋。她已经下了 20 个蛋。昨天她下了一个很大的蛋。 (此句中 lay 意为“下蛋；产卵”,其过去式为 laid,过去分词为 laid,现在分词为 laying。) 五、increase ①Travel increases my knowledge of the world.旅行增长我的世界知识。 (此处 increase 为动词,意为“增长；增加”。) ②There is a fast increase in population of China because of the two－child policy.由于二孩政策,中国的人口迅速 增长。 (此处 increase 为名词,指“在某方面的增长”。) ③The price of eggs has increased__to 10 yuan a kilo.鸡蛋的价格已经涨到每公斤 10 元。 (increase to 表示“增加到……”。) ④The population of the town has increased by 5 percent.这个镇的人口增长了 5%. (increase by 表示“增加了……”。) 六、suggest ①She suggested an__early__start.她建议早点出发。 (suggest＋名词,意为“建议某事”。) ②I suggested putting__off the sports meeting.我建议推迟运动会。 (suggest＋doing sth.,意为“建议做某事”。) ③She suggested that__the__meeting__shouldn't__be__held__on__Saturday.她提议会议应该在周六举行。 (suggest＋that 引导的宾语从句,意为“建议某事”后面的宾语为一个句子,且从句要用虚拟语气：(should ＋)动词原形。) ④Her pale face suggested bad health.她脸色苍白,看来身体不好。 (suggest 在此句中的意思为“暗示；表明；说明”,其主语通常不是人。) ⑤Can you please give me some suggestions on how to get out of the trouble？你能给我一些关于如何脱离困境 的建议吗？ (suggestion 为可数名词；同义词为 advice,但其为不可数名词。) 当我们身处困境时,应向父母和老师寻求建议。 When we are in trouble,we should ask our parents and teachers for advice/suggestions. 七、influence ①Those friends have a bad influence on her.那些朋友对她有坏的影响。 His father's death has a great influence on him.他父亲的死对他影响很大。 (例句中单词 influence 的词性为名词,意为“影响”；“……对某人有好/坏/巨大的影响”用 have a good/bad/great influence on sb.。) ②This novel has influenced many young people.这个故事影响了很多年轻人。 What influenced you to take this job？是什么影响你选择了这份工作？ (例句中单词 influence 的词性为动词,意为“影响”；“影响某人”用 influence sb.；“影响某人做某事”用 influence sb.to do sth.。) 1.在妈妈的影响下,我成为了一名老师。 My mother influenced me to be a teacher. 2.这场交通事故对他的日常生活造成了极大的影响。(两种表达方式) This traffic accident has a great influence on his daily life.______ This traffic accident has influenced him a lot in his daily life. 八、require ①Success requires patience.成功需要耐心。 (要求某物/某事：require＋名词。) ②Our headteacher requires us to go to bed early.我们校长要求我们早点上床睡觉。 (要求某人做某事：require sb.to do sth.。) ③She required that I (should) go there at once.她要求我立刻去那里。 (require＋that 引导的从句,从句谓语动词用 should＋动词原形,其中 should 可以省略。) ④This old computer requires__repairing right away.这台旧电脑需要立刻修理。 (require＋doing,以主动形式表达被动语义,相当于 require to be done。) 九、辨析 proud 与 pride (九全册 Unit 4 P30) ①Our parents are always proud__of us.我们的父母总是为我们而骄傲。 (单词 proud“以……为骄傲”的短语：be proud of。) ②Today I am proud of my school,and tomorrow my school will take__pride__in my success.今天我为我的学校 骄傲,明天我的学校将为我的成功感到自豪。 (单词 pride“以……为骄傲”的短语：take pride in。) 十、no matter (九全册 Unit 5 P35) No matter what you say,I can not agree with you.无论你说什么,我都不同意你的观点。 No matter when you are free,you can come here for a cup of coffee.无论你什么时候有空,你都可以来这儿喝 杯咖啡。 (no matter what＝whatever,意为“无论什么”；no matter when＝whenever,意为“无论何时”。 no matter 意为 “无论”,与 what,who,which,how 等疑问词连用,引导让步状语从句。) 无论发生什么事,我都不会放弃。 No matter what happens,I will not give up. 十一、辨析 be known for/as/to ①An Xi and Hangzhou are widely known/famous for their tea.安溪和杭州因茶而闻名。 (“因……而出名”的短语：be known for＝be famous for) ②Mo Yan is known/famous as a writer.莫言作为一名作家而闻名。 (“作为……而闻名”的短语：be known as＝be famous as) ③Mr.Xi is known to people all over the world.习主席为全世界的人们所熟知。 (“为……知晓”的短语：be known/famous to) 宜宾因五粮液而闻名世界。 Yibin is known/famous for Wuliangye all over the world. 兰州以它美味的牛肉面而著名。 Lanzhou is __known/famous__ __for__ its delicious beef noodles. 十二、be made 的系列短语 ①This kind of cup is made of paper.这种杯子是纸做的。 (be made of 意为“由……制成”,看得出原材料。) ②This kind of wine is made from grapes.这种酒是葡萄酿的。 (be made from 意为“由……制成”,看不出原材料。) ③This kind of watch is made in Switzerland.这种表是瑞士造的。 (be made in 意为“在……制造”,介词 in＋地点名词。) ④The machine was made by Jim.这台机器是由吉姆制作的。 (be made by 意为“由……制作”,介词 by 强调动作的发出者,常常为人。) ⑤Plastic can be made into many kinds of things.塑料可以被制成许多种东西。 (be made into 意为“被制作成……”,介词 into 后面常接被制成的事物/东西。) ⑥These chairs and desks were made for the poor students.这些桌椅是为贫困学生制作的。 (be made for 意为“为……而制造”,介词 for 后接所供给的对象。) 十三、It is said/reported/believed/known that 句型 该句型中,It 为形式主语,而 that 引导的从句才是真正的主语。 ①It is said that Yao Ming is coming to Yibin for a charity event.据说姚明准备来宜宾做慈善活动。 (It is said that 意为“据说……”。) ②It is reported that over 20 people were killed in this accident.据报道,20 多个人死于这场事故。 (It is reported that 意为“据报道……”。) ③It is believed that our team will win the match.人们认为我们队将赢得这场比赛。 (It is believed that 意为“人们认为……”。) ④It is known that China is famous for the Great Wall.众所周知,中国因长城而闻名。 (It's (well) known that 意为“众所周知”。) 人们认为中国是一个伟大的国家。 It's believed that China is a great country 十四、辨析 rise 与 raise ①She raised the gun and fired.她举枪射击。 We are raising money for charity.我们在进行慈善募捐。 I have never heard him raise his voice.我从来没有听到过他提高嗓门。 Have you ever raised a pet dog? 你曾经喂养过一只宠物狗吗？ (通过以上四个例句,我们可知 raise 为及物动词,意为“举起、募捐、提高、饲养等”；其过去式和过去分 词都为 raised。) ② She rose from the chair.她从椅子上站了起来。 The helicopter rose into the air.直升机飞上了天空。 Costs are always rising.成本总是在不断增加。 (通过以上三个例句,我们可知 rise 为不及物动词,表示人或物从下方向上方上升；过去式 rose,过去分词 risen。) 当我们正在升旗的时候,太阳升起来了。 When we are raising the flag,the sun is rising. 十五、辨析 my pleasure 与 with pleasure (九全册 Unit 6 P42) ①—Thank you very much！非常感谢！ —It's a pleasure./My pleasure./You're welcome.不用谢。 (my pleasure 是 it's my pleasure 的省略形式,相当于 it's a pleasure,用于回答别人的感谢,意为“ 不客气/不谢 ”。) ②—Could you please help me look after my dog when I'm away？当我外出的时候,你可以帮我照看一下我的狗 吗？ —With pleasure.没问题。 (with pleasure 客气地表示接受或同意做某事,意为“好的；没问题；乐意效劳”。) 十六、allow ①My mother allows me to take the dog for a walk every weekend.我的妈妈允许我每周末遛狗。 (允许某人做某事： allow sb.to do sth.) ②Teenagers should not be allowed to smoke.青少年不应该被允许吸烟。 (某人(不)应该被允许做某事： sb.should__(not)__be__allowed__to__do__sth.) 十七、prevent ①They made these rules to prevent accidents.他们制定这些规则是为了防止事故的发生。 (prevent 为及物动词,其后常接名词或代词作宾语。) ②Nothing can prevent us from achieving our dreams.＝ Nothing can stop/keep us from achieving our dreams.没 有什么能阻止我们实现梦想。 (阻止/防止某人做某事： Prevent sb.(from) doing sth.＝stop sb.(from) doing sth.＝keep sb.from doing sth.) 1.健康饮食能帮助我们预防疾病。 A healthy diet can help us prevent diseases. 2.我们必须防止孩子们吸烟,因为吸烟对他们的健康有害。 We must prevent/stop/keep children from smoking because it's bad for their health. 十八、against ①Most people are against the plan.大多数人反对这个计划。 We're against cutting down too many trees.我们反对滥伐树木。 (be against(doing) sth.意为“ 反对(做)某事”。) ②It's raining heavily outside and the rain was beating against the window.外面雨下得很大,雨水敲打着窗户。 (此句中,against 意为“碰；撞”。) ③Our school basketball team is playing against a team from No.2 middle school.我们校篮球队正在与来自第二 中学的一支球队打比赛。 (此句中,play against 意为 “对抗；与……打比赛”。) 1.尽管他反对我的观点,但他没有提出自己的观点。 Although he was against my opinion,he didn't come up with his own. 十九、only 开头的倒装句 ①Only then will__I have a chance to achieve my dream.只有那样,我才有机会实现我的梦想。 (其正常句序为： I will have a chance to achieve my dream only then.) ②Only when you leave school will__you realize the importance of study.只有当你离开学校时,你才会意识到学 习的重要性。 (其正常语序为：You will realize the importance of study only when you leave school.) ③Only Jack was absent from school yesterday.昨天只有杰克没来学校。 (注意在此句中,only 修饰的是主语 Jack,故不需要倒装。) 总结：当 only 位于句首,其后接副词、介词短语或状语从句时,句子要用部分倒装(助动词/be 动词/情态 动词＋主语＋其他)。 只有用这种方式,你才能理解你的父母挣钱多么困难。 Only in this way can you understand how hard your parents make money. 二十、prefer ①I prefer pork to chicken.＝ I like pork better than chicken.相对于鸡肉而言,我更喜欢猪肉。 (prefer→过去式 preferred →过去分词 preferred ；prefer A to B,意为：相对于 B 而言,更喜欢 A。) ②He prefers riding a bike to driving.相对于开车,他更喜欢骑自行车。 (相对做某事而言,更喜欢做某事的结构为：prefer doing to doing。) ③I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我宁愿走路去那,而不愿乘公共汽车。 (宁愿做某事而不愿做某事的结构为：prefer__to__do__sth.rather__than__do__sth.。) 二十一、worth ①The picture is worth 1,000 dollars.这幅画值一千美元。 (主语＋be＋worth＋价格,意为某物值多少钱。) ②Dangal (《摔跤吧！爸爸》)is an interesting Indian movie.It is worth seeing again.《摔跤吧！爸爸》是一部有 趣的印度电影。它值得再看一遍。 (主语＋be＋worth＋doing,意为值得做某事。) 这辆二手空调最多值 1 千元。 This second•hand air•conditioner __is__ __worth__1,000 yuan at most. 二十二、辨析 except 与 besides ①All of us passed the exam except John.我们所有人都通过了考试,除了约翰. (except 的意思为“除了……之外”,表示排除关系,即不包括在内。) ②I have a few friends besides you.除你之外,我还有几位朋友。 (besides 的意思为“除了……之外,还有……”,表示叠加关系,即包括在内。) 二十三、suppose We're supposed to study hard.＝We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。(被期望/应该做某事的短语结构 为：be supposed to do sth.＝should do sth.。)