包头专版2020中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题10非谓语动词课件 27页

专题(十)　 非谓语动词 第二篇　语法专题突破 考点一　动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形;否定形式为:not to+动词原形。 2.动词不定式的用法 功能 用法 例句 作主语 　常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后 置。常用句型:It is+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth.; It takes sb.+时间段+to do sth. To swim here alone is very dangerous.=It's very dangerous to swim here alone. 独自在这儿游泳很危险。 作表语 常位于be动词后 My job today is to clean the room. 我今天的工作是打扫房间。 作宾语 　一般只作某些动词的宾语 I decided to go on a trip to Dali. 我决定去大理旅游。 (续表) 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 补足语 　在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词hear, see, watch等后面,省略to Miss Li made us do Exercise One. 李老师让我们做练习一。 作定语 　常放在所修饰词的后面作 后置定语 Do you have anything to do? 你有要做的事吗? 作状语 　一般在句中作目的、结果、 原因状语 I get up early every morning to catch the early bus. 我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班车。 (续表) 功能 用法 例句 与疑问词 构成不定 式短语 　“疑问词what, how, who, which, when…+to do” 在句 中可作主语、表语、宾语等 She really didn't know what to do next. 她真的不知道下一步该怎 么办。 3.动词不定式考点归纳 (1) 后跟不定式作宾语或宾补的动词(短语): afford, begin/start, choose, decide, try, hope/wish, expect, agree,promise, happen, refuse, learn, seem, volunteer, fail, (would)like/love, want, ask, tell, allow, warn, encourage, force, invite, teach, advise, try one's best等 (2)在使役动词和一些感官动词后用不定式作宾补,这时要省略to。这些词有: 一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(observe, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,to要还原。 (3)在“Why not+动词原形?”“had better (not)+动词原形” “Let's+动词原形”这三个结构中,动词不定式要省略to。 Why not go out for a walk? 为什么不出去散步呢? You'd better go by bus. 你最好乘公共汽车去。 【巧学妙记】 后跟to do作宾语的动词(短语): ①想要,拒绝,忘记(want/would like, refuse, forget) ②需要,努力,学习(need, try, learn) ③喜欢,同意,帮助(like, agree, help) ④希望,决定,开始(hope/wish, decide, begin/start) 4.既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式的动词 (1)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,且意义差别不大的动词有: like, love, hate, begin, start等。 Do you like playing/to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗? (3)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词 或名词后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式(真正 的宾语)”结构。 I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。 考点二　动名词 1.动名词的构成:动词原形+-ing,与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质又 有名词的性质。 2.动名词的用法 功能 用法 例句 作主语 　单个动名词作主语,谓语动 词用单数形式 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 玩太多电脑游戏对 你的眼睛有害。 作宾语 　动名词作宾语表示一般的 习惯性行为或经常性动作 My sister likes dancing very much. 我妹妹非常喜欢跳舞。 　动名词作介词的宾语 I'm looking forward to going home. 我期待回家。 (续表) 功能 用法 例句 作表语 　多数情况下,动名词作表语 可转化为作主语 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务是擦窗户。 作定语 　位于所修饰词之前,只表明 所修饰词的用途等 My mother bought a washing machine last Sunday. 我妈妈上周日买了一台洗衣机。 3.后接动名词作宾语的词及短语 (1)常接动名词作宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, avoid, prefer, need/require/want等 (2)常接动名词作宾语的短语有:be busy, feel like, give up, can't help, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can't stop, keep/stop…from, look forward to, put off, have fun, have difficulty/problem/trouble (in) 等 【巧学妙记】 后接动名词作宾语的词(短语): ①完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy) ②继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up) ③考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like) ④喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind) 考点三　分词 1.构成 (1)现在分词:v.-ing形式,表示动作正在发生,表主动意义。 (2)过去分词:v.-ed,表示动作已经完成,含有被动意义。 2.用法 功能 用法 例句 作定语 ①单个分词作定语常位于 所修饰的词前②分词短语 作定语常位于所修饰的词 后 The soldier rushed into the burning house. 那个士兵冲进了着火的房子。 Do you know the boy called Yang Lin? 你认识那个叫杨林的男孩吗? 作状语 现在分词作伴随状语时,其 逻辑主语就是句子的主语 Laughing and talking,they went into the room. 他们有说有笑地走进了房间。 (续表) 功能 用法 例句 作表语 ①现在分词表示主语的性质、特 征等 ②过去分词表示某种状态 The book is very interesting. I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。 作宾语 补足语 　分词作宾语补足语时,常用于感 官动词和使役动词后 ①宾语与宾补之间为主动关系或 表示动作正在进行用现在分词 ②宾语与宾补之间为被动关系或 表示动作已经完成用过去分词 I heard a girl singing in the next room. 我听见有个女孩正在隔壁房间唱歌。 How beautiful!I want to have some photos taken. 太美了!我想 拍几张照片。 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 1.[2019·包头]—Why were you angry with your daughter? —She was busy　　　　 and taking selfies(自拍) when I was talking to her. A.texting B.to text C.text D.texted 2.[2018·包头]As we all know, a person learns many things by making mistakes and 　　　　them. A.corrects B.correct C.to correct D.correcting A D 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 3.[2017·包头]—Why did you buy so many flowers? —　　　　 my wife. I did something wrong yesterday. She is still angry with me. A.Please B.To please C.Pleasing D.Be pleased [答案]B [解析]考查非谓语动词。动词不定 式表目的。故选B。 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 4.[2014·包头]If there's a lot of work 　　　　, I'd like to keep on until it is finished. A.do B.to do C.done D.doing [答案]B [解析]考查非谓语动词。该题中,动 词不定式作后置定语,There's a lot of work to do. 意为“有很多要做 的工作。”故选B。 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 5.[2019·包头一模]When you speak English, you may often forget words. It feels like 　　　　to eat soup with a fork. A.trying B.to try C.tried D.will try A 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 6.[2019·青山二模]—Will you come to the net bar with me? —Sorry. My parents always tell me 　　　　there. A.not go B.not to go C.not go to D.not to go to 7.[2018·包头一模]The idea of free bikes that began in Poland is doing what it can 　　　　. A.control pollution B.to control pollution C.controlling pollution D.controlled pollution B B 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 8.[2018·青山二模]Take everything life throws at you as a chance________ yourself. Whatever happens, stick to your hope. A.improve B.improving C.to improve D.to improving 9.[2017·东河一模]Good morning! How nice it is 　　　　all of you in my class this year. I'd like to know each of you. I am sure we will enjoy working together. A.having B.to have C.had D.have had C B 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 10.[2017·昆区一模]—Why did you have your clothes 　　　　? —I played with my smartphone for about 5 hours; my hands 　　　　. A.washed; hurted B.wash; hurt C.washed; hurt D.washing; were hurt C