中考英语语法复习专题19 中考英语单项选择分析 22页

中考英语单项选择分析 单项填空这个题型容量大，涉及到语音、词汇、语法、习语、 日常用语和习惯表达法等语言知识，范围广，是对学生掌握英语 基本知识和基本技能功底即语言运用能力的检测，一般分值为 20 分，所占比例为 13% ，较为重要。 要做好单项选择的基本条件是： 1. 从考生本人来说 ，应有扎实的英语基础知识功底，要有丰富的词汇、习惯用语和句型知识。 2. 从做题来说 ，一方面要有认真仔细的态度，另一方面要注意积累解题技巧，做到从语义和语法两个方面来考虑，要善于寻找信息词，对题目进行分析、理解，从中选出最佳答案。 3. 从英语是一种语言工具来说 ，要从注重英语语法和单纯的语言测试转变到要注重语境和对语言的理解和运用上来。 4. 从 《 英语新课程标准 》 的要求来说， 要讲究各方面素质的培养，善于与其它学科相结合，能联系新形势、新热点，与时俱进，具有创新意识。 一、分析历年的中考题，可以发现，单项选择 从三个方面出题。 1. 词性：名词、冠词、数词、介词、连词、代词、 动词、 形容词和副词等九类词性 2. 句法类 3. 情景交际 1. 语法专项分析 2. 情景交际分析 3. 学科渗透分析 4. 热点分析 中考出题预测分析 二、本节课从以下四个 方面来分析中考单项选择题： 语法专项分析 语法 是研究句子结构和词形变化的科学 , 是对语言规律的总结。语法知识是单项选择的主干，不管什么样的题目多多少少都会涉及语法知识，所以现在化一定的时间来分析语法知识考点是必要的 。 考生可以根据所列条目检查是否已经掌握基本考点，进行查漏补缺。 语法主要分以下两个方面： 1. 词类 ：名词、冠词、数词、介词、连词、代词、动词、 形容词和副词等九类词性。 2. 句法类 。 一、 名词 考生在名词方面应掌握这几个要点： 1. 名词变复数的规则 , 如 （ 1 ）以 s,x, ch 和 sh 结尾的（ 2 ）以辅 + y 结尾的 （ 3 ）元 + y 结尾的（ 4 ）以 f/ fe 结尾的 (5) 以 0 结尾的 2. 几个不规则的复数名词 如 : man,woman,child,foot,tooth,sheep,deer, Englishman,Frenchman,Japanese,Chinese, 3. 只用复数形式的名词 如 : people,clothes,goods,police,trousers 4. 一些集体名词 如 : class,team,family,school 5. 不可数名词 如 : news,information,wood,food,work,weather,room, space,population,metal,glass,cotton,silk,bread,meat,water,coffee,milk, porridge,money,fun,etc. 6. 名词所有格 如 : Women’s Day,Teachers’ Day,a map of China, a few minutes’ walk,Lucy and Lily’s father, Lucy’s and Lily’s shoes a friend of mine,today’s newspaper,at the doctor’s,etc. 7. 与复数名词连用的单词 如 : many, (a )few,a number of,these,those,two, different,one of---; 与不可数名词连用的单词如 : much,(a)little; 都可连 用的如： some,any,no,enough,a lot of,lots of,etc. 8. 不可数名词及其量的表示法 ，如： a cup of tea,two glasses of milk 等。 从 98 年到 04 年选择题中 名词 共出现八道题，它们是： (98 年 ) 1.- What can you see in the picture?-Oh,I can see many______. A. horse B. sheep C. cow D. pig (99 年 ) 2.- Can I help you ,sir?- I’d like four mooncakes and ______. A. two cup of tea B. two cups of teas C. two cups of tea D. two cup of tea (99 年 ) 3. The place of interest is about _____walk from here. A. two hour B. two hour’s C. two hours’ D. two hours (00 年 ) 4.- Miss Yang, where are the story-books? -They are on those ______in the corner. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves (00 年 ) 5.- Is it far from your home to the station? -No, it’s only ______walk. A. ten minutes B. ten minute C. ten minutes’ D. ten minute’s (05 年 ) 6.- Can you tell me when when_____is? – It’s on the third Sunday in June. A. Mother’s day B. Father’s Day C. Tree Planting Day D. Thanksgiving Day 二、形容词和副词 考生在形容词和副词方面应掌握这几个要点： 1. 形容词和副词变成比较级和最高级的规则。尤其是不规则单词。 2. 使用原级、比较级、最高级的方法。 3. 几个特殊的句型。 4. 形容词和副词的特性。 5. 几个特殊的常用的形容词和副词。 98 年至 05 年共有形容词 6 题、副词 9 题，现摘录部分题目如下： -Time is money. -But I think time is _______money. A. more important than B. not important as C. so important as D. the most important (01) 2. -I bought a nice MP3 yesterday. It’s only $ 50. -Really? Mine is $ 120. It’s ______than yours. A. cheaper B. lower C. more expensive D. less (04) Mr Smith walked ______fast for us ______catch up with. A. too---to B. such---that C. enough---to D. so---that (04) 三、动词 考生在动词方面应掌握这几个要点 ： 1. 动词的第三人称、现在分词、过去式、过去分词构成 2. 三种非谓语动词（ do,to do,doing ） 的常用单词用法 3. 动词的时态和语态 4. 最基本的几个情态动词的用法 5. 几对常用近义动词的用法 98 年至 05 年共有动词 47 题，现摘录部分题目如下 1. — Why is your foreign teacher's Chinese so good?—Because he China for eight years. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has come to D. has been in 2. — It's a bit cold outside. We'd better our coats. —I think so. A.not to take off B.not to put on C . not take off D.not put on 3. The tall building______ten years ago, but it still looks quite new. A. was built B. must be built C. is built D. built 四、数词 考生在数词方面应掌握这几个要点： 1 、基数词和序数词的写法和用法 2 、 hundred,thousand,million,billion 的用法 3 、分数表达法 4 、日期、钟点、年龄的表示方法 98 年至 05 年共有数词 4 题，现摘录部分题目如下： Miss Gao says there are about_____English story books in the school library. (98) A. six hundreds of B. six hundred of C. six hundreds D. six hundred 2. May is _______month of the year. A.five B. the five C. fifth D. the fifth (99) 3.More than ______tickets had been sold out when I got to the cinema. A. two hundred B. two hundreds C. two hundred of D. two hundreds of (00) 五、代词 考生在代词方面应掌握这几个要点： 1 、人称代词主格和宾格的用法 2 、形容词性物主代词的用法 3 、名词性物主代词的用法 4 、反身代词的用法 5 、指示代词的用法 6 、疑问代词的用法 7 、不定代词的用法 8 、 it 的用法 98 年至 05 年共有代词 13 题，现摘录部分题目如下： –These are not my clothes. Are they yours? -No, they’re_______. A. mine B. your C. hers D. their 2. –Excuse me , where is the nearest post office? -It’s on _______ side of the street, next to the book shop. A. other B. the other C. others d. another 3. –Do you speak French? -Yes, but only _______. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 4. -Excuse me , is this your ruler? -No, it’s not ______. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 5. –Would you like some more milk? - Just ______, thanks. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 6. — What about the English novel? —It's not very difficult . There are only new words in it. A, few B. a few C. many D. a little (98) (98) (98) (99) (99) (04) 六、连词 考生在连词方面应掌握这几个要点： 1 、了解几个并列连词的用法如： and,but ,or,not only---but also,etc. 2 、 了解几个常见的从句连词的用法如： if,whether, because,since,when,before,after,until,as soon as,etc. 98 年至 05 年共有连词 3 题，现摘录部分题目如下： We have never heard from Mr Green_______he left in 1990 A. Before B. since C. after D. for (00)- How do you like this shirt? - It looks nice, _______ it’s too dear. A. or B. and C. but D. for (04)- When did you know the news? - I knew nothing about it ______my friend told me. A. after B. if C. because D. until 七、介词 考生在介词方面应掌握这几个要点： 1 、了解一些常用的介词及其用法 2 、熟记常用的介词短语 98 年至 05 年共有介词 7 题，现摘录部分题目如下： (98) 1. I don’t think the food shop is open _____ this time of day. A. to B. in C. on D. at (99)2. Her best friend sits ______ Han Meimei ’s right, behind Lin Tao. A. in B. at C. on D. by (00)3. We had an English party last night. Everybody was on time____Tom. A. except B.. without C. until D. since (01)4. –Jack, when were you born? - I was born ______October 8 , 1984. A. in B. on C. at D. by (02)5. What do you usually do______ Sundays? A. at B. in C. on D. for (04) 6. —Who will give us a talk tomorrow? —Yang Liwei . The talk is his trip to space. A. in B. about C. at D. of 八、冠词 考生在冠词方面应掌握这几个要点： 1 、区别 a 和 an 的用法及 the 与它们的不同 2 、熟记冠词的固定词组 3 、了解定冠词的基本用法和不用冠词的情况 98 年至 05 年共有冠词 7 题，现摘录部分题目如下 1. Jane is _____ English girl. She comes from _______England. A. an , the B. an, C. the, the D. , 2. –Look!What’s that in the tree? -Oh, it’s _______kite. A. a B. an C. the D. 3. Look! There is _______big orange on the floor. A. a B. an C. the D. 4. –Miss Gao , What’s this? -It’s _______English – Chinese dictionary A. a B. the C. an D. 5. –Is India______English speaking country? - I’ ve no idea. Let’s go and ask Mr. Hu . A. a B. the C. an D. 6. The elephant is useful animal to human beings. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. 情景交际分析 近几年的中考单项填空题越来越侧重在语境中测试学生的综合运用语言知识的 能力，基本上以对话的方式出现，考生应特别引起注意，尤其情景交际，在这七年的考试中有 14 个题目是情景交际题，单项填空越来越强调题目的生活化、交际化，体现了英语是用来交际的语言工具这一特点，如： 1.- Happy birthday to you! -________. A. Thank you B. Yes, of course C. I hope so D. You’re too kind. (02) 2.-What can I do for you, madam? A. Thank you B. All right C. some apples D. It’s nice of you (04) 3. -My mother is ill in hospital. — _______ A. I don't think so B. Oh, she is unlucky C. No problem D. I'm sorry to hear that 4. -Shall we go boating tomorrow? -_______.The weather report says a storm is coming. A. I'm afraid we can't B. Sure C. That's a good idea D. That's a deal 5. Look at the picture. What will the boy probably say to the granny? A.It doesn ’t matter. Nothing serious B. "I'm terribly sorry. Are you OK?" C. "Nice to meet you. How are you?" D. "Bad luck. You are so careless. " 3. 学科渗透和生活文化常识分析 学习英语不仅仅是学习语言知识，而且还要学习它的文化 , 我们不能只读语法知识还要注意了解生活常识；英语是用来交流思想、表达感情、传递信息的语言交际工具，任何领域都要用到它，它与其它的学科有着紧密的关系，在历年各地的中考卷中出现了许多涉及生活常识、文化风俗及其它学科的题目，如： –What number should appear next after eight-one? -It’s ______. 3 9 27 81 ? A. two hundred and forty-nine B. two hundred and forty-one C. two hundred and forty-eight D. two hundred and forty-three 2. If H 2 burns in O 2 , we can get________. A. H 2 B. H 2 O C. O 2 D. H 2 O 2 3. The sum of the whole numbers between 1 and 100 is ________. A. 101 B. 5050 C. 1000 D. 100 4. In the following series, which letter comes next? A, C, E, G,--- A. I B. K C. M D. H 5.- Can you tell me when ______is? - Yes. It’s on the third Sunday in June. A. Mother’s Day B. Father’s Day C. Tree Planting day D. Thanksgiving Day 6. Let’s enjoy the song Yesterday Once More. It sounds ______. A. well B. sadly C. nice D. bad 4. 热点分析 –The film “Harry Potter” is really interesting. -Yeah. I______ it twice. A.have seen B. see C. will see D. had seen 2. -A lot of people got SARS last year. It’s terrible. -Yes, we should ______ourselves and keep healthy. A. look over B. look over C. look after D. look up 3. The spaceship ______will go around the earth in 2005 will be called Shenzhou VII. A. which B. who C. whom D. what 4. Do you thin Yao Ming plays basketball as_____as Michael Jordan? A. bad B. badly C. wonderful D. wonderfully 5. Both Wang Tao ______Kong Linghui are famous pingpong players. A. nor B. but C. or D. and 结束语 总之，做单项选择题时，要采用适当的方法， 吃透题干的意义，然后有针对性地琢磨关键 的词语和句子，进行深刻理解，准确判断， 结合平时的惯用法、句型、交际用语等，善 于利用排除发，有针对性地筛选、分析、推断 正确答案，就一定能取得理想的成绩。