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小学六年级英语必须要掌握的语法知识点

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小学六年级英语必须要掌握的语法知识点 一、名词复数形式规则 ‎ ‎1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ‎ ‎2.以o.s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ‎ ‎3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ‎ ‎4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ‎ leaf——leaves ‎ ‎5.不规则名词复数: ‎ man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth ‎ fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese ‎ 练习、写出下列各词的复数 ‎ I _________him _________this ___________her ______ ‎ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ ‎ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ ‎ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ ‎ peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______ ‎ man______ woman_______ ‎ 二、一般现在时 ‎ ‎1.一般现在时的功能 ‎ 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 ‎ 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。‎ 如:I get up at six o’clock every day.我天天六点起床。 ‎ 表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 ‎ ‎2.一般现在时的构成 ‎ 肯定句: a. be动词:(有一顺口溜体现了它的用法: 我用am ,你用 are ,is 用于他,她,它, 单数is,复数are.。)‎ 主语+ be(am /is/are)+其他 如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。‎ b.行为动词(实义动词):主语+行为动词+其他[除主语是第三人称单数外,都用动词原形;当主语是第三人称时,则在行为动词词尾加-s或-es。]‎ 如:We study English.我们学习英语。‎ She goes to work by bike. 她骑自行车去上班。‎ 否定句: a.主语+  be(am /is/are) +not + 其他 如:  I am not a boy.‎ b. 主语+don't/doesn't+行为动词原形+其他 如:We don’t study English. She doesn't go to work by bike.‎ 一般疑问句: a. Be(Am /Is /Are)+ 主语+ 其他?‎ 简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 +  be(am /is/are). (否) No,主语 +  be(am /is/are)+not.‎ 如: Are you a boy?你是一个男孩吗?(肯)Yes,I am. (否) No, I’m not.‎ b. Do/Does+主语+ 其他?‎ 简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语+ do/does. (否) No,主语 + don't/doesn't. ‎ 如: Do you study English? (肯)Yes,we do. (否) No, we don’t. - Does she ‎ go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. ‎ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?如:a. be动词:Who are you? ‎ b.行为动词:What do you do? How does she go to work?‎ ‎3.动词三单的变化规则(即“如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”)‎ 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks get-gets ‎ 以o.s.x.sh.ch结尾,直接加-es,如: wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes ‎ 以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies ‎ 一般现在时用法专练: ‎ 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 ‎ drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ ‎ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ ‎ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ ‎ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ ‎ wash_______ ‎ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 ‎ ‎1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. ‎ ‎2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. ‎ ‎3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. ‎ ‎4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. ‎ ‎5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? ‎ ‎6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? ‎ ‎7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? ‎ ‎8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. ‎ ‎9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. ‎ ‎10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. ‎ ‎11. Mike _______(like) cooking. ‎ ‎12. They _______(have) the same hobby. ‎ ‎13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. ‎ ‎14. You always _______(do) your homework well. ‎ ‎15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. ‎ ‎16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. ‎ ‎17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. ‎ ‎18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. ‎ ‎19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. ‎ ‎20. -What day _______(be) it today? - It’s Saturday ‎ 三、现在进行时 ‎ ‎1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 ‎ ‎2.现在进行时的构成: be+动词的ing〔现在分词〕形式。‎ 肯定句:主语+be动词+动词ing+其他。如:We are studying.‎ 否定句:主语+be动词+not+动词ing+其他。如:We aren’t studying.‎ 一般疑问句:Be动词+主语+动词ing+其他。如:Are you studying?‎ 肯定回答:Yes+主语+be动词。如:Yes,we are.‎ 否定回答:No+主语+be动词+not。如:No,we aren’t.‎ ‎(注:is not可以缩写成isn‘t,are not可以缩写成aren’t,但是am not在现代英语中不可以缩写。)‎ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?如:What are you doing?‎ 现在分词的变化规则  ‎ ‎1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking think---thinking ‎ ‎2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing  如:make-making  have---having ‎ ‎3.以重读闭音节(重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节)结尾,呈现 “辅,元,辅”结构的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing如: stop---stopping   sit---sitting   run---running  ‎ ‎4  以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing  die---dying   lie---lying 现在进行时专项练习: ‎ 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: ‎ play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ ‎ go_________ like________ write________ study__________ ‎ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ ‎ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ ‎ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ ‎ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ ‎ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: ‎ ‎1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. ‎ ‎2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . ‎ ‎3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. ‎ ‎4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? ‎ ‎5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . ‎ ‎6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. ‎ ‎7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . ‎ ‎8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. ‎ ‎9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now ‎ ‎10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . ‎ 四、一般将来时 ‎ 一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 ‎ 二、基本结构:肯定句:a. 主语+shall/will+do+其他。(will可用于所有人称,shall只用于第一人称I和we) 如:  I will go swimming tomorrow. ‎ b. 主语+ be going to + do+其他。(注意:be 动词要与主语的人称和数一致)如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow. ‎ 否定句:a. 主语+shall/will+not+do(will not 可缩写成won’t)‎ b. 主语+ be+ not+ going to +do 如:I won’t go swimming tomorrow. I am not going to go swimming tomorrow. ‎ 一般疑问句:a. Shall/Will+主语+ do+其他? b. Be+主语+going to+do+其他?如:Will you go swimming tomorrow? Are you going to go swimming ‎ tomorrow?‎ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?如:What will you go tomorrow? What are you going to do tomorrow?‎ 练习填空。 ‎ ‎1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 ‎ I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. ‎ I ________ have a picnic with my friends. ‎ ‎2.我们将要学习英语 ‎ We _____ _______ _________ learn English. ‎ We ________ learn English. ‎ 五、一般过去时 ‎ ‎1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year等。 一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 ‎ ‎2.一般过去式的基本结构:‎ ‎ Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: ‎ ‎⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t) ‎ ‎⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)‎ 肯定句: 主语+动词过去式+其他。如:I was in Shanghai last month.上个月我在上海。We went to Shanghai last month.我们上个月去了上海。‎ 否定句:a主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他。‎ 如: I wasn’t in Shanghai last month.‎ b. 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他。(did + not = didn't)‎ 如:We didn’t go to Shanghai last month. ‎ 一般疑问句: a. Was/Were+主语+其他?‎ 如:Were you in Shanghai last month? ‎ b. Did+主语+动词原形+其他?如:Did you go to Shanghai last month?‎ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?如:Where were you last month? Where did you go last month? ‎ ‎ 动词过去式变化规则:‎ ‎1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed;如:‎ look→looked  play→played  start→started  visit→visited ‎2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d;如: live→lived  use→used ‎ ‎3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed;如: study→studied, try→tried  fly→flied ‎ ‎4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 –ed,‎ 如: stop→stopped  plan→planned ‎ ‎5.不规则动词过去式: ‎ am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, ‎ put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat ‎ 练习一、写出下列动词的过去式 ‎ is/am_________ plant________ are ________ ‎ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ ‎ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ ‎ taste_________ eat__________ put ______ ‎ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ ‎ 练习二、用be动词的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎1. I _______ at school just now. ‎ ‎2. He ________ at the camp last week. ‎ ‎3. We ________ students two years ago. ‎ ‎4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. ‎ ‎5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. ‎ ‎6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. ‎ ‎7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. ‎ ‎8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. ‎ 练习三、用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. ‎ ‎2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. ‎ ‎3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) ‎ ‎4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? ‎ ‎5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. ‎ ‎6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. ‎ ‎7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. ‎ ‎8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly. ‎ 六、人称代词和物主代词 ‎ 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 人称代词 主格 I we you you she he it they 宾格 me us you you her him it them 物主代词 形容词性 my our your your her his its their 名词 mine ‎ ours yours ‎ yours hers his its theirs ‎ 人称代词指代人或物,在句中作主语或宾语,所以有主格和宾格。 ‎ 宾格代词用于替代处于宾语位置上的名词,可以用作直接宾语和间接宾语。 ‎ 如:I am a student. (I 主语)       Please help me.  (me 直接宾语) Give me a book.  (me 间接宾语)  ‎ 物主代词是表示所有关系的一种代词,亦称所有格代词。物主代词有两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 ‎ 形容词性物主代词为限定词,放在名词或名词短语前作定语。 ‎ 如:This is my book. ‎ 名词性物主代词起名词的作用,后面不可以再接名词。在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语。 ‎ 如: Your pen is red. Mine is black.  ‎ 你的钢笔是红色的,我的是黑色的。 ‎ ‎ He didn’t use his ink. He used mine.  ‎ 他没有用他自己的墨水,他用了我的。‎ 习题一、用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) ‎ ‎2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) ‎ ‎3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) ‎ ‎4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) ‎ 二、用am, is, are 填空 ‎ ‎1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. ‎ ‎2. The girl______ Jack's sister. ‎ ‎3. The dog _______ tall and fat. ‎ ‎4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. ‎ ‎5. ______ your brother in the classroom? ‎ ‎6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. ‎ ‎7. How _______ your father? ‎ ‎8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. ‎ ‎9. Whose dress ______ this? ‎ ‎10. Whose socks ______ they? ‎ 七、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 ‎(一)构成规则 ‎ ‎  1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est ‎(1)单音节词   如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest  ‎ ‎(2)双音节词 如:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest    ‎ ‎2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st 如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest ‎ ‎ 3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est; 如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest  ‎ ‎ 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest    busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest ‎ ‎  5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful   different→‎ more different→most different    easily→more easily→most easily ‎ ‎ 注意:(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用。   如: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.  ‎ ‎(2) 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。   It is a most important problem.    =It is a very important problem.  ‎ ‎  6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 ‎ ‎  如:good→better→best well→better→best   bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst   old→older/elder→oldest/eldest   many/much→more→most  little→less→least    far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest  ‎ ‎ (二)形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法 ‎ ‎1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更„„”。  ‎ ‎ 如:This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。‎ 注意:① 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。  ‎ ‎②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”。  ‎ ‎ 如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.  ‎ ‎ ③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。  ‎ ‎ 2.“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越„„”  如:It is getting cooler and cooler.   天气越来越凉爽。 ‎ ‎ 3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom? ‎ ‎ 4. “the +比较级..., the+比较级”,表示“越...越...”。‎ ‎ 如: The sooner,the better.    越快越好。 ‎ 习题一、出下列形容词、副词的原级,比较级,最高级 small→ → →fatter→  ‎ hot→________ →________ thin→________→ _________ ‎ heavy→________ →________ bad→________→ _________ ‎ 习题二、 用适当形式填空: ‎ ‎1. Bob is  ________ ( young ) than Fred but __________ (tall) than Fred2. Yingtian is not as ___________  (tall) asYongxian.                               3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before . ‎ ‎ 4. Which is _________  (heavy), a hen or a chicken?               ‎ ‎5.-- How  _________ (tall) is Sally?              ‎ ‎   --  She' s 1.55 metres  ________  (tall). What  about Xiaoling?                   -- She' s only 1.40 metres ______ (tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally. She is also the _______ (short)girlin theclass.                                   ‎