中考总复习宾语从句讲解与练习含答案 9页

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 宾语从句 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 一、考点解读 ‎　　所谓宾语从句，就是一个句子在句子中作宾语成分，主要复习以下的内容：‎ ‎1．陈述句作宾语从句 ‎2．一般疑问句作宾语从句 ‎3．特殊疑问句作宾语从句 二、专题梳理 ‎1．陈述句做宾语从句 ‎　　陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。我们先复习陈述句作宾语从句时的三大方面的问题。‎ ‎（一）连接词，陈述句作宾语从句时，用连接词that，通常that可以省略。‎ e.g.I think (that) English is difficult to learn. 我认为英语难学。‎ ‎　　但在有些动词后连接词that不能省略，在初中阶段我们学过的动词有learn, sugget, explain, agree, wonder, feel, mean。‎ e.g.However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about the grammar.‎ ‎ 然而，他继续解释说他对语法还没有把握。‎ ‎　　（二）语序，宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，而陈述句就是陈述句的语序，所以不必作任何改动。‎ ‎　　（三）时态。在带有宾语从句的句子中，主句和从句的谓语动词在时态上是互有联系的，具体说来有三条。‎ ‎　　（1）当主句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句的谓语动词通常不受主句的限制，即从句的时间是什么，从句的谓语动词就用什么形式。‎ e.g.She says (that) she likes English. 她说她喜欢英语。‎ She says (that) she liked English three years ago. 她说她三年以前喜欢英语。‎ She says (that) she will like English next term. 她说下个学期她会喜欢英语的。‎ ‎　　（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候，从句的谓语动词通常要和主句保持一致，要用过去了的某种时态。我们来做一些练习。‎ She said. She likes English. →She said (that) she liked English.‎ She said. She liked English three years ago.‎ ‎→She said (that) she liked English three years ago.‎ She said. She will like English. →She said (that) she would like English next term.‎ She said. They are swimming. →She said (that) they were swimming. 她说他们在游泳。‎ She said. The girl has been there. →She said (that) the girl had been there.‎ 她说那个女孩去过那里。‎ ‎　　（3）当主句的谓语动词用的是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，从句的谓语动词不受主句的限制，通常用一般现在时。‎ ‎ ‎ e.g.The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。‎ My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 妈妈告诉我患难见真情。‎ ‎2．一般疑问句作宾语从句 ‎　　一般疑问句作宾语从句也有三大方面需要掌握。‎ ‎　　（一）连接词。一般疑问句作宾语从句时用连接词if或whether，if和whether的中文意思是“是否”，在句子中不能省略。我们来看几个句子。‎ e.g.Do you know？ Does he study English？‎ Do you know if (whether) he studies English？ 你知道他是否学习英语吗？‎ He asks. Are you a teacher？ ‎ He asks if (whether) you are a teacher. 他问你是否是老师。‎ ‎　　注意：一般疑问句作宾语从句时，if和whether这两个连接词在大部分情况下是可以通用的。但是有时候有些词后或搭配中通常用whether，不用if。下面我们来看一下if和whether的用法区别。‎ ‎　　（1）if/ whether在作“是否”讲时引导的宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后。‎ e.g.I’ll try to find out if/whether the machine is in good condition.‎ 我将尽量查出这台机器是否正常。‎ We’re having a discussion whether we’ll go on the trip or not.我们正在讨论是否去旅行。‎ ‎　　（2）少数动词如leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether引导。‎ e.g.I put it to you whether we should start earlier. 请您考虑一下我们能否早点出发。‎ I doubt whether they’ll keep their word. 我怀疑他们能否守约。‎ We’re now discussing whether we should group these three companies.‎ 我们现在正讨论是否应该兼并这三个公司。‎ ‎　　（3）whether后可与or not直接连用，但if不可以。‎ e.g.I don’t care whether/if the work will take long or not.这项工作花时间长短我不在乎。‎ I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we’ve lost this game.‎ 我不知道我们是否应该说明我们已经输了这一场比赛。‎ ‎　　（4）与不定式连用只能用whether。‎ e.g.I am just wondering whether to stay for another hour or just start off right away.‎ 我不知道是再等一个小时还是现在就开始。‎ ‎　　（5）有时为避免歧义，常用whether引导宾语从句，而不用if。‎ e.g.Let me know whether you can come. 告诉我，你是否能来。‎ ‎　　如果改成Let me know if you can come.就有两种译句。“告诉我你是否能来。”“如果你能来就告诉我。”‎ ‎（6）在介词后通常用whether，不用if。‎ e.g. I’m thinking about whether they know the answer. 我在想他们是否知道答案。‎ I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.（介词后一般不用if）‎ 我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。‎ ‎　　（7）whether引导的宾语从句可置于句首。‎ e.g.Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I don’t care.‎ 他们能否参加冬令营，我不在乎。‎ ‎（二）语序。要用陈述句的语序，我们来看例句。‎ e.g.He asks. Do you like sports？‎ He asks if you like sports. 他问你是否喜欢运动。‎ She asks. Does the boy wash clothes？‎ She asks if (whether) the boy washes clothes. 她问那个男孩是否洗衣服。‎ I wonder. Did you go there？‎ I wonder if (whether) you went there. 我想知道你是否去那里了。‎ She asks. Are they listening to the teacher？‎ She asks if (whether) they are listening to the teacher？她问他们是否在听老师讲课。‎ He wants to know. Will they have classes tomorrow？‎ He wants to know if (whether) they will have class tomorrow.‎ 他想知道他们明天是否上课。‎ 注意：一般疑问句作宾语从句改为陈述句的语序时，动词的变化如下：‎ do→去掉→后面的动词不变。‎ does→去掉→后面的动词加s或es。‎ did→去掉→后面的动词变为过去式。‎ will, is, am, are, can, may, must, should, have, has, had等助动词放到主语之后。‎ ‎　　（三）时态。时态的变化与陈述句作宾语从句相同，即：‎ ‎　　（1）主现——从不限（主句用一般现在时，从句不限制用什么时态）。‎ ‎　　（2）主过——从过（主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去了的某种时态）。‎ ‎　　（3）客观真理不遵循主过，从过。‎ ‎3．特殊疑问句作宾语从句 ‎　　（一）连接词。特殊疑问句作宾语从句时不需要再加连接词，疑问词就是连接词，并且不能省略。‎ e.g.I ask. What are you doing now？‎ I ask what you are doing now. 我问你现在在干什么？‎ ‎　　（二）语序。用陈述句的语序，与一般疑问句变宾语从句时基本相同，为什么说基本相同呢？这是因为特殊疑问句有两种语序。‎ ‎（1）疑问词＋一般疑问句。‎ Do you know？ Who does he often go there with？‎ Do you know who he often goes there with？ 你知道他经常和谁一起去那儿吗？‎ I don’t know. Whom should you depend on？‎ I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁。‎ This book will show you. What do the best CEOs know？‎ This book will show you what the best CEOs know.‎ 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁了解些什么。‎ He didn’t tell me. When will we meet again？‎ He didn’t tell me when we would meet again. 他没告诉我什么时候我们再见面。‎ Could you please show me？ How do you use your new cellphone？‎ Could you please show me how you use your new cellphone？‎ 你能否给我展示一下你如何使用你的新机器？‎ None of us knows. Where can these new parts be bought？‎ None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.‎ 我们中没人知道在哪里可以买到这些新零件。‎ I ask you. Where are you from？‎ I ask you where you are from？ 我问你来自哪里。‎ ‎（2）疑问词＋谓语＋其它。‎ 在第二种句式中，疑问词既是连接词，也是主语，所以语序上不作变化。‎ 我们来看几个特殊疑问句。‎ Who has won the game？‎ ‎“谁赢了那场比赛。”Who在句子中作主语，has won作谓语。‎ Do you know who has won the game？ 你知道谁赢了那场比赛吗？‎ What’s wrong with you？‎ ‎　　“你哪儿不舒服？”这里what是作主语用的，是疑问词＋谓语＋其它。作宾语从句时语序不变。‎ ‎　　I ask you what’s wrong with you. 我问你哪里不舒服。‎ ‎　　通过上面的例句，我们可以看出特殊疑问句的语序，可以归纳特殊疑问句作宾语从句时有两种情况：‎ ‎　　A：连接词（疑问词）＋谓语＋其它。‎ ‎　　B：连接词（疑问词）＋主语＋谓语＋其它。‎ ‎　　注意在用陈述句的语序时，我们还是要强调如下的几点：‎ ‎（1）do→去掉→动词形式不变 e.g.What do you study？你学习什么？‎ The teacher asks what you study？ 老师问你学习什么？‎ ‎（2）does→去掉→动词加s或es e.g.Where does the boy go on Sunday？ 那男孩星期天去哪里？‎ The girl wants to know where the boy goes on Sunday.‎ ‎（3）did→去掉→动词变成过去式 e.g.How many books did you buy yesterday？ 你昨天买了几本书？‎ I ask how many books you bought yesterday？ 我问你昨天买了几本书？‎ ‎（4）助动词is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, will, shall, can, may, must等，挪到主语之后。‎ e.g.Which class are you in？ 你在哪一个班？‎ The teacher asks which class you are in？ 那个老师问你你在哪个班。‎ ‎（5）don’t, didn’t, doesn’t不能去掉，要挪到主语之后。‎ e.g.Why didn’t you come yesterday？ 为什么你昨天没有来？‎ The boy asks why you didn’t come yesterday. 那个男孩问你昨天为什么没有来。‎ ‎　　（三）时态。时态变化与陈述句，一般疑问句作宾语从句的变化相同。其中特别要注意主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去了的某种时态。我们来看几个句子。‎ e.g.What are they eating？ 他们在吃什么？‎ I wanted to know what they were eating. 我想知道他们在吃什么？‎ How long has he stayed there？ 他在那里呆了多久？‎ She asked how long he had stayed there. 她问他在那里呆了多久。‎ 特别提示：‎ ‎　　当主句中的谓语动词是think, say, guess, suppose, suggest, believe, feel, consider等时，宾语从句的引导词常是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等疑问词，经常将这类引导词置于句首。‎ e.g.Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year？‎ 你认为今年大众会选谁作为他们最喜爱的歌手？‎ What do you suggest we should prepare for Thanksgiving Day？‎ 你建议我们该为感恩节准备点什么？‎ ‎4．哪些词可以接宾语从句 ‎（1）接宾语从句的动词：大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 e.g.We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.‎ 我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮。‎ He told us that they would help us through the whole work.‎ 他告诉我们在整个工作中，他都会帮忙的。‎ 常用必背：‎ 可带宾语从句的常见动词有：‎ hope　希望　　　tell　告诉　　　say　说　　　　think　认为 consider 认为　 imagine　想象 　expect 期望　　suppose　猜测 guess 猜测　　　know 知道 　　　hear 听说　　　wonder　想知道 ‎（2）动词短语有的也可带宾语从句 ‎　　常见的这类词有：‎ make sure 确保　　 　make up one’s mind　下定决心 keep in mind　牢记 e.g.Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.‎ 在你上交试卷前要确保没有任何错误。‎ We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop both our bodies and characters.‎ 我们应当牢记体育运动不但可以增强我们的体质，而且还能健全我们的人格。‎ ‎（3）需用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ‎　　① 动词find, feel, think, consider, make,‎ ‎ believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。‎ e.g.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.‎ 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。‎ I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾。‎ I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。‎ We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.‎ 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。‎ ‎　　② 有些动词跟宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有hate, take, owe, have, see to等。‎ e.g.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.‎ 我讨厌人们满嘴食物时说话。‎ He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。‎ I take it that you will agree with us. 我认为你会同意我们的。‎ When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral.‎ 开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置。‎ 特别提示：如若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。‎ e.g.We all consider what you said to the unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。‎ We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的是有用的。‎ ‎（4）介词的宾语从句 wh-类引导的介词宾语从句 一般情况下介词后跟wh-类引导的宾语从句。‎ e.g.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.‎ 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。‎ The new book is about how Shenzhou VI manned spaceship was sent up into space.‎ 这本新书是关于神舟六号载人航天飞机是如何升入太空的。‎ that引导的介词宾语从句 ‎　　偶尔可见到except, but, besides三个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句的情况。‎ e.g.I know nothing about my new neighbour except that he used to work with a company.‎ 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他的一无所知。‎ ‎（5）形容词的宾语从句 ‎　　常可引导宾语从句的形容词有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied（满意的），sorry等。‎ e.g.I’m sure that they’ll make it in spite of the terrible weather.‎ 我确信不管天气如何，他们会取得成功的。‎ I’m extremely sorry that I have lost your book. 真是对不起我弄丢了你的书。‎ We’re all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty.‎ 真是高兴我们再次战胜了困难。‎ I’m not sure whether they’ll agree with such a plan.‎ 我拿不准他们是否同意这样一个计划。‎ ‎　　注意：用that引导的从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语it代替，然后将that从句放在最后。‎ e.g.You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 请你相信我，我总会帮助你的。‎ ‎　　今天我们复习了宾语从句，宾语从句最主要注意就是我们上面提到的三大问题。即：连接词的问题、语序的问题、时态的问题。宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语有很大的区别。在复习直接引语和间接引语中我们会讲这个区别。不要把宾语从句和直接引语变间接引语混为一体。‎ 三、典型例题讲解 例题1．—Could you please tell me ________？ —Certainly.‎ A．what should I do to improve my English B．how can I get to the reading room C．what she is looking for D．when shall we have a parents’ meeting 解题技巧：‎ ‎　　本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句用陈述语序，而选项A、B和D都是疑问语序，故排除，由句意可知正确答案为C项。‎ 答案：C 例题2．I know ________ I promised to take you to dinner, but I won’t finish working until ten o’clock.‎ A．that　　　 B．if C．what　　　　　D．why 解题技巧：‎ ‎　　本题考查宾语从句的用法。由下文“我承诺带你去吃饭，但是我直到十点才能完成工作。”可知此处由that引导宾语从句，故选A项。‎ 答案：A 例题3．—Can you guess ________ the new Nike sports shoes？‎ ‎—Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.‎ A．how he paid for　　B．where he bought C．when he paid for　 D．why he bought 解题技巧：‎ ‎　　本题考查宾语从句的连接词。how“怎样”；where“哪里”；when“什么时候”；why“为什么”。由下句“也许他让他爷爷支付的”可知，对方询问如何支付新耐克运动鞋。故选A。‎ 答案：A 四、备考策略 ‎　　宾语从句是初中阶段学习的一个主要内容，近几年中考中出现的内容较多，宾语从句的重点在三大方面，一是连接词，二是语序，三是时态。这三个问题弄清楚了，题目就容易做了。‎ 宾语从句专题练习题 一、用恰当的连接词连接宾语从句。‎ ‎1．I’d like to know ___________ you have invited him to the meeting.‎ ‎2．I know ____________ Chinese is spoken in many Southeast countries.‎ ‎3．She couldn’t decide ___________ bus she would take to the zoo.‎ ‎4．I don’t know ___________ I should tell him the truth.‎ ‎5．We were happy to see ___________ there was hardly any clouds in the blue sky.‎ ‎6．Do you know ___________ Miss Jones will punish Tom？‎ ‎7．He told me ___________ he was going to thank Jack.‎ ‎8．Could you let us know ____________ we will fly over Hankou？‎ 二、合成宾语从句。‎ ‎1．He said. They are working hard.‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．Do you know？ Does she study Japanese？‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．They want to know. How long will you stay there.‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎4．We think. The workers were late yesterday.‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎5．The girl asked. Does the teacher teach English？‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎6．I asked him. Will he like to help us？‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ 三、单项选择。‎ ‎( )1．My uncle remembered ___________.‎ A．when we moved to the town B．when did we move to the town C．when we move to the town D．when do we move to the town ‎( )2．Can you tell me which floor ___________？‎ A．does he live on　 　B．he lives in C．does he live in　 D．he lives on ‎( )3．—Could you tell me ___________？ —Glad to help.‎ A．if I have been to the Great Wall B．where did he study C．how I can get to the station D．what’s your name ‎( )4．Our head teacher saw the empty seat next to me and asked ___________.‎ A．where has Jeff gone　　　　　 B．where did Jeff go C．where Jeff has been　　　　　 D．where Jeff had gone ‎( )5．—I wonder ___________. —Zebras.‎ A．what do they call these animals B．how they call these animals C．what they call these animals D．how do they call these animal 宾语从句 ‎ ‎ ‎ 一、答案及解析：‎ ‎1．if/whether 根据句意，这里需要一个“是否”这个连接词。‎ ‎2．That 后面是一个陈述事实的句子。‎ ‎3．Which 这里问的是“哪一路车”。‎ ‎4．if/whether 中文意思是：“我不知道是否该告诉他真相”。‎ ‎5．That 这是一个陈述句作宾语从句。‎ ‎6．why或whether/if 最好用why。中文意思，“为什么Jones小姐会惩罚Tom？”‎ ‎7．That 这是陈述句作宾语从句。‎ ‎8．When 根据意思“什么时候飞过汉口”。‎ 二 二、答案及解析：‎ ‎　　1．He said that they were working hard.‎ ‎　　陈述句作宾语从句，用连接词that，主句用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去的时态。‎ ‎　　2．Do you know if she studies Japanese？‎ ‎　　一般疑问句作宾语从句，用连接词if或whether，并用陈述句的语序。‎ ‎　　3．They want to know how long you will stay there.‎ ‎　　特殊疑问句作宾语从句，疑问词就是连接词，并用陈述句的语序。‎ ‎　　4．We think that the workers were late yesterday.‎ ‎　　陈述句作宾语从句用连接词that。‎ ‎　　5．The girl asked if （whether）the teacher taught English.‎ ‎　　一般疑问句作宾语从句，用连接词if, whether，用陈述句的语序，并用“主句用一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态”。‎ ‎　　6．I asked if （whether）he liked to help us.‎ ‎　　解释同5。‎ ‎ 三、答案及解析：‎ ‎　　1．A　宾语从句用陈述句的语序，主句用了过去时，从句也用过去了的时态。‎ ‎　　2．D　宾语从句用陈述句的语序，在第几楼用介词on。‎ ‎　　3．C　根据答语很乐意提供帮助，这是在问路。‎ ‎　　4．D　这是宾语从句用陈述句的语序，根据“座位是空的”，说明动作发生在老师问话之前。‎ ‎　　5．C　根据句中“称这些动物什么”，并用了陈述句的语序。‎ ‎ ‎