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  • 2021-05-10 发布

中考总复习宾语从句讲解与练习含答案

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‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 宾语从句 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 一、考点解读 ‎  所谓宾语从句,就是一个句子在句子中作宾语成分,主要复习以下的内容:‎ ‎1.陈述句作宾语从句 ‎2.一般疑问句作宾语从句 ‎3.特殊疑问句作宾语从句 二、专题梳理 ‎1.陈述句做宾语从句 ‎  陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。我们先复习陈述句作宾语从句时的三大方面的问题。‎ ‎(一)连接词,陈述句作宾语从句时,用连接词that,通常that可以省略。‎ e.g.I think (that) English is difficult to learn. 我认为英语难学。‎ ‎  但在有些动词后连接词that不能省略,在初中阶段我们学过的动词有learn, sugget, explain, agree, wonder, feel, mean。‎ e.g.However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about the grammar.‎ ‎ 然而,他继续解释说他对语法还没有把握。‎ ‎  (二)语序,宾语从句要用陈述句的语序,而陈述句就是陈述句的语序,所以不必作任何改动。‎ ‎  (三)时态。在带有宾语从句的句子中,主句和从句的谓语动词在时态上是互有联系的,具体说来有三条。‎ ‎  (1)当主句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句的谓语动词通常不受主句的限制,即从句的时间是什么,从句的谓语动词就用什么形式。‎ e.g.She says (that) she likes English. 她说她喜欢英语。‎ She says (that) she liked English three years ago. 她说她三年以前喜欢英语。‎ She says (that) she will like English next term. 她说下个学期她会喜欢英语的。‎ ‎  (2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候,从句的谓语动词通常要和主句保持一致,要用过去了的某种时态。我们来做一些练习。‎ She said. She likes English. →She said (that) she liked English.‎ She said. She liked English three years ago.‎ ‎→She said (that) she liked English three years ago.‎ She said. She will like English. →She said (that) she would like English next term.‎ She said. They are swimming. →She said (that) they were swimming. 她说他们在游泳。‎ She said. The girl has been there. →She said (that) the girl had been there.‎ 她说那个女孩去过那里。‎ ‎  (3)当主句的谓语动词用的是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观事实或真理时,从句的谓语动词不受主句的限制,通常用一般现在时。‎ ‎ ‎ e.g.The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。‎ My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 妈妈告诉我患难见真情。‎ ‎2.一般疑问句作宾语从句 ‎  一般疑问句作宾语从句也有三大方面需要掌握。‎ ‎  (一)连接词。一般疑问句作宾语从句时用连接词if或whether,if和whether的中文意思是“是否”,在句子中不能省略。我们来看几个句子。‎ e.g.Do you know? Does he study English?‎ Do you know if (whether) he studies English? 你知道他是否学习英语吗?‎ He asks. Are you a teacher? ‎ He asks if (whether) you are a teacher. 他问你是否是老师。‎ ‎  注意:一般疑问句作宾语从句时,if和whether这两个连接词在大部分情况下是可以通用的。但是有时候有些词后或搭配中通常用whether,不用if。下面我们来看一下if和whether的用法区别。‎ ‎  (1)if/ whether在作“是否”讲时引导的宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后。‎ e.g.I’ll try to find out if/whether the machine is in good condition.‎ 我将尽量查出这台机器是否正常。‎ We’re having a discussion whether we’ll go on the trip or not.我们正在讨论是否去旅行。‎ ‎  (2)少数动词如leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether引导。‎ e.g.I put it to you whether we should start earlier. 请您考虑一下我们能否早点出发。‎ I doubt whether they’ll keep their word. 我怀疑他们能否守约。‎ We’re now discussing whether we should group these three companies.‎ 我们现在正讨论是否应该兼并这三个公司。‎ ‎  (3)whether后可与or not直接连用,但if不可以。‎ e.g.I don’t care whether/if the work will take long or not.这项工作花时间长短我不在乎。‎ I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we’ve lost this game.‎ 我不知道我们是否应该说明我们已经输了这一场比赛。‎ ‎  (4)与不定式连用只能用whether。‎ e.g.I am just wondering whether to stay for another hour or just start off right away.‎ 我不知道是再等一个小时还是现在就开始。‎ ‎  (5)有时为避免歧义,常用whether引导宾语从句,而不用if。‎ e.g.Let me know whether you can come. 告诉我,你是否能来。‎ ‎  如果改成Let me know if you can come.就有两种译句。“告诉我你是否能来。”“如果你能来就告诉我。”‎ ‎(6)在介词后通常用whether,不用if。‎ e.g. I’m thinking about whether they know the answer. 我在想他们是否知道答案。‎ I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.(介词后一般不用if)‎ 我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。‎ ‎  (7)whether引导的宾语从句可置于句首。‎ e.g.Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I don’t care.‎ 他们能否参加冬令营,我不在乎。‎ ‎(二)语序。要用陈述句的语序,我们来看例句。‎ e.g.He asks. Do you like sports?‎ He asks if you like sports. 他问你是否喜欢运动。‎ She asks. Does the boy wash clothes?‎ She asks if (whether) the boy washes clothes. 她问那个男孩是否洗衣服。‎ I wonder. Did you go there?‎ I wonder if (whether) you went there. 我想知道你是否去那里了。‎ She asks. Are they listening to the teacher?‎ She asks if (whether) they are listening to the teacher?她问他们是否在听老师讲课。‎ He wants to know. Will they have classes tomorrow?‎ He wants to know if (whether) they will have class tomorrow.‎ 他想知道他们明天是否上课。‎ 注意:一般疑问句作宾语从句改为陈述句的语序时,动词的变化如下:‎ do→去掉→后面的动词不变。‎ does→去掉→后面的动词加s或es。‎ did→去掉→后面的动词变为过去式。‎ will, is, am, are, can, may, must, should, have, has, had等助动词放到主语之后。‎ ‎  (三)时态。时态的变化与陈述句作宾语从句相同,即:‎ ‎  (1)主现——从不限(主句用一般现在时,从句不限制用什么时态)。‎ ‎  (2)主过——从过(主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去了的某种时态)。‎ ‎  (3)客观真理不遵循主过,从过。‎ ‎3.特殊疑问句作宾语从句 ‎  (一)连接词。特殊疑问句作宾语从句时不需要再加连接词,疑问词就是连接词,并且不能省略。‎ e.g.I ask. What are you doing now?‎ I ask what you are doing now. 我问你现在在干什么?‎ ‎  (二)语序。用陈述句的语序,与一般疑问句变宾语从句时基本相同,为什么说基本相同呢?这是因为特殊疑问句有两种语序。‎ ‎(1)疑问词+一般疑问句。‎ Do you know? Who does he often go there with?‎ Do you know who he often goes there with? 你知道他经常和谁一起去那儿吗?‎ I don’t know. Whom should you depend on?‎ I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁。‎ This book will show you. What do the best CEOs know?‎ This book will show you what the best CEOs know.‎ 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁了解些什么。‎ He didn’t tell me. When will we meet again?‎ He didn’t tell me when we would meet again. 他没告诉我什么时候我们再见面。‎ Could you please show me? How do you use your new cellphone?‎ Could you please show me how you use your new cellphone?‎ 你能否给我展示一下你如何使用你的新机器?‎ None of us knows. Where can these new parts be bought?‎ None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.‎ 我们中没人知道在哪里可以买到这些新零件。‎ I ask you. Where are you from?‎ I ask you where you are from? 我问你来自哪里。‎ ‎(2)疑问词+谓语+其它。‎ 在第二种句式中,疑问词既是连接词,也是主语,所以语序上不作变化。‎ 我们来看几个特殊疑问句。‎ Who has won the game?‎ ‎“谁赢了那场比赛。”Who在句子中作主语,has won作谓语。‎ Do you know who has won the game? 你知道谁赢了那场比赛吗?‎ What’s wrong with you?‎ ‎  “你哪儿不舒服?”这里what是作主语用的,是疑问词+谓语+其它。作宾语从句时语序不变。‎ ‎  I ask you what’s wrong with you. 我问你哪里不舒服。‎ ‎  通过上面的例句,我们可以看出特殊疑问句的语序,可以归纳特殊疑问句作宾语从句时有两种情况:‎ ‎  A:连接词(疑问词)+谓语+其它。‎ ‎  B:连接词(疑问词)+主语+谓语+其它。‎ ‎  注意在用陈述句的语序时,我们还是要强调如下的几点:‎ ‎(1)do→去掉→动词形式不变 e.g.What do you study?你学习什么?‎ The teacher asks what you study? 老师问你学习什么?‎ ‎(2)does→去掉→动词加s或es e.g.Where does the boy go on Sunday? 那男孩星期天去哪里?‎ The girl wants to know where the boy goes on Sunday.‎ ‎(3)did→去掉→动词变成过去式 e.g.How many books did you buy yesterday? 你昨天买了几本书?‎ I ask how many books you bought yesterday? 我问你昨天买了几本书?‎ ‎(4)助动词is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, will, shall, can, may, must等,挪到主语之后。‎ e.g.Which class are you in? 你在哪一个班?‎ The teacher asks which class you are in? 那个老师问你你在哪个班。‎ ‎(5)don’t, didn’t, doesn’t不能去掉,要挪到主语之后。‎ e.g.Why didn’t you come yesterday? 为什么你昨天没有来?‎ The boy asks why you didn’t come yesterday. 那个男孩问你昨天为什么没有来。‎ ‎  (三)时态。时态变化与陈述句,一般疑问句作宾语从句的变化相同。其中特别要注意主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去了的某种时态。我们来看几个句子。‎ e.g.What are they eating? 他们在吃什么?‎ I wanted to know what they were eating. 我想知道他们在吃什么?‎ How long has he stayed there? 他在那里呆了多久?‎ She asked how long he had stayed there. 她问他在那里呆了多久。‎ 特别提示:‎ ‎  当主句中的谓语动词是think, say, guess, suppose, suggest, believe, feel, consider等时,宾语从句的引导词常是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等疑问词,经常将这类引导词置于句首。‎ e.g.Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?‎ 你认为今年大众会选谁作为他们最喜爱的歌手?‎ What do you suggest we should prepare for Thanksgiving Day?‎ 你建议我们该为感恩节准备点什么?‎ ‎4.哪些词可以接宾语从句 ‎(1)接宾语从句的动词:大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 e.g.We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.‎ 我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮。‎ He told us that they would help us through the whole work.‎ 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的。‎ 常用必背:‎ 可带宾语从句的常见动词有:‎ hope 希望   tell 告诉   say 说    think 认为 consider 认为  imagine 想象  expect 期望  suppose 猜测 guess 猜测   know 知道    hear 听说   wonder 想知道 ‎(2)动词短语有的也可带宾语从句 ‎  常见的这类词有:‎ make sure 确保    make up one’s mind 下定决心 keep in mind 牢记 e.g.Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.‎ 在你上交试卷前要确保没有任何错误。‎ We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop both our bodies and characters.‎ 我们应当牢记体育运动不但可以增强我们的体质,而且还能健全我们的人格。‎ ‎(3)需用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ‎  ① 动词find, feel, think, consider, make,‎ ‎ believe等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。‎ e.g.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.‎ 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。‎ I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾。‎ I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。‎ We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.‎ 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。‎ ‎  ② 有些动词跟宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有hate, take, owe, have, see to等。‎ e.g.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.‎ 我讨厌人们满嘴食物时说话。‎ He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。‎ I take it that you will agree with us. 我认为你会同意我们的。‎ When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral.‎ 开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置。‎ 特别提示:如若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替。‎ e.g.We all consider what you said to the unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。‎ We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的是有用的。‎ ‎(4)介词的宾语从句 wh-类引导的介词宾语从句 一般情况下介词后跟wh-类引导的宾语从句。‎ e.g.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.‎ 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。‎ The new book is about how Shenzhou VI manned spaceship was sent up into space.‎ 这本新书是关于神舟六号载人航天飞机是如何升入太空的。‎ that引导的介词宾语从句 ‎  偶尔可见到except, but, besides三个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句的情况。‎ e.g.I know nothing about my new neighbour except that he used to work with a company.‎ 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他的一无所知。‎ ‎(5)形容词的宾语从句 ‎  常可引导宾语从句的形容词有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied(满意的),sorry等。‎ e.g.I’m sure that they’ll make it in spite of the terrible weather.‎ 我确信不管天气如何,他们会取得成功的。‎ I’m extremely sorry that I have lost your book. 真是对不起我弄丢了你的书。‎ We’re all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty.‎ 真是高兴我们再次战胜了困难。‎ I’m not sure whether they’ll agree with such a plan.‎ 我拿不准他们是否同意这样一个计划。‎ ‎  注意:用that引导的从句作介词宾语时,需要用形式宾语it代替,然后将that从句放在最后。‎ e.g.You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 请你相信我,我总会帮助你的。‎ ‎  今天我们复习了宾语从句,宾语从句最主要注意就是我们上面提到的三大问题。即:连接词的问题、语序的问题、时态的问题。宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语有很大的区别。在复习直接引语和间接引语中我们会讲这个区别。不要把宾语从句和直接引语变间接引语混为一体。‎ 三、典型例题讲解 例题1.—Could you please tell me ________? —Certainly.‎ A.what should I do to improve my English B.how can I get to the reading room C.what she is looking for D.when shall we have a parents’ meeting 解题技巧:‎ ‎  本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句用陈述语序,而选项A、B和D都是疑问语序,故排除,由句意可知正确答案为C项。‎ 答案:C 例题2.I know ________ I promised to take you to dinner, but I won’t finish working until ten o’clock.‎ A.that    B.if C.what     D.why 解题技巧:‎ ‎  本题考查宾语从句的用法。由下文“我承诺带你去吃饭,但是我直到十点才能完成工作。”可知此处由that引导宾语从句,故选A项。‎ 答案:A 例题3.—Can you guess ________ the new Nike sports shoes?‎ ‎—Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.‎ A.how he paid for  B.where he bought C.when he paid for  D.why he bought 解题技巧:‎ ‎  本题考查宾语从句的连接词。how“怎样”;where“哪里”;when“什么时候”;why“为什么”。由下句“也许他让他爷爷支付的”可知,对方询问如何支付新耐克运动鞋。故选A。‎ 答案:A 四、备考策略 ‎  宾语从句是初中阶段学习的一个主要内容,近几年中考中出现的内容较多,宾语从句的重点在三大方面,一是连接词,二是语序,三是时态。这三个问题弄清楚了,题目就容易做了。‎ 宾语从句专题练习题 一、用恰当的连接词连接宾语从句。‎ ‎1.I’d like to know ___________ you have invited him to the meeting.‎ ‎2.I know ____________ Chinese is spoken in many Southeast countries.‎ ‎3.She couldn’t decide ___________ bus she would take to the zoo.‎ ‎4.I don’t know ___________ I should tell him the truth.‎ ‎5.We were happy to see ___________ there was hardly any clouds in the blue sky.‎ ‎6.Do you know ___________ Miss Jones will punish Tom?‎ ‎7.He told me ___________ he was going to thank Jack.‎ ‎8.Could you let us know ____________ we will fly over Hankou?‎ 二、合成宾语从句。‎ ‎1.He said. They are working hard.‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎2.Do you know? Does she study Japanese?‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎3.They want to know. How long will you stay there.‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎4.We think. The workers were late yesterday.‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎5.The girl asked. Does the teacher teach English?‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎6.I asked him. Will he like to help us?‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ 三、单项选择。‎ ‎( )1.My uncle remembered ___________.‎ A.when we moved to the town B.when did we move to the town C.when we move to the town D.when do we move to the town ‎( )2.Can you tell me which floor ___________?‎ A.does he live on   B.he lives in C.does he live in  D.he lives on ‎( )3.—Could you tell me ___________? —Glad to help.‎ A.if I have been to the Great Wall B.where did he study C.how I can get to the station D.what’s your name ‎( )4.Our head teacher saw the empty seat next to me and asked ___________.‎ A.where has Jeff gone      B.where did Jeff go C.where Jeff has been      D.where Jeff had gone ‎( )5.—I wonder ___________. —Zebras.‎ A.what do they call these animals B.how they call these animals C.what they call these animals D.how do they call these animal 宾语从句 ‎ ‎ ‎ 一、答案及解析:‎ ‎1.if/whether 根据句意,这里需要一个“是否”这个连接词。‎ ‎2.That 后面是一个陈述事实的句子。‎ ‎3.Which 这里问的是“哪一路车”。‎ ‎4.if/whether 中文意思是:“我不知道是否该告诉他真相”。‎ ‎5.That 这是一个陈述句作宾语从句。‎ ‎6.why或whether/if 最好用why。中文意思,“为什么Jones小姐会惩罚Tom?”‎ ‎7.That 这是陈述句作宾语从句。‎ ‎8.When 根据意思“什么时候飞过汉口”。‎ 二 二、答案及解析:‎ ‎  1.He said that they were working hard.‎ ‎  陈述句作宾语从句,用连接词that,主句用一般过去时,从句要用相应的过去的时态。‎ ‎  2.Do you know if she studies Japanese?‎ ‎  一般疑问句作宾语从句,用连接词if或whether,并用陈述句的语序。‎ ‎  3.They want to know how long you will stay there.‎ ‎  特殊疑问句作宾语从句,疑问词就是连接词,并用陈述句的语序。‎ ‎  4.We think that the workers were late yesterday.‎ ‎  陈述句作宾语从句用连接词that。‎ ‎  5.The girl asked if (whether)the teacher taught English.‎ ‎  一般疑问句作宾语从句,用连接词if, whether,用陈述句的语序,并用“主句用一般过去时,从句用过去的某种时态”。‎ ‎  6.I asked if (whether)he liked to help us.‎ ‎  解释同5。‎ ‎ 三、答案及解析:‎ ‎  1.A 宾语从句用陈述句的语序,主句用了过去时,从句也用过去了的时态。‎ ‎  2.D 宾语从句用陈述句的语序,在第几楼用介词on。‎ ‎  3.C 根据答语很乐意提供帮助,这是在问路。‎ ‎  4.D 这是宾语从句用陈述句的语序,根据“座位是空的”,说明动作发生在老师问话之前。‎ ‎  5.C 根据句中“称这些动物什么”,并用了陈述句的语序。‎ ‎ ‎