中考英语复习专题9动词 8页

中考四轮复习第一轮 专题9：动词 动词就是用来描述主语的动作行为或者状态的词。动词在句子中作谓语，是句子中不可缺少的成分。‎ 一、 动词的分类 ‎ 根据动词的意义以及在句子中的功能，动词可分为实义动词，系动词，助动词，情态动词。‎ 1. 实意动词 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。‎ 不及物动词 本身意义完整，后面不用再跟宾语。‎ 及物动词 本身意义不完整，其后要跟宾语才能表达完整的意义。‎ e.g. I like the novel very much.‎ ‎ My father works in a TV Station.‎ ‎【注意】‎ 用的动词即可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。‎ e.g. The bird can fly. [ 此时fly作不及物动词，表示飞行。]‎ ‎ They are flying lites. [ 此时fly是及物动词，表示放飞。]‎ ‎2.系动词 ‎ 系动词就是指连系主语和表语的动词，主要用于说明主语的身份，性质，特征和状态。系动词只有主动形式，常见的系动词有：‎ be动词 am、is、are 感官动词 sound、taste、smell、feel、look 表示“变化”的系动词 become、go、come、turn、grow、get、fall等 表示“状态”的系动词 keep、stay、remain等 e.g. She is beutiful.‎ ‎ Your idea sounds great.‎ ‎ The cake tastes nice.‎ ‎ Everyone body wants to stay in healthy.‎ 3. 助动词 助动词本身没有意义，不能单独用作谓语，只能和实义动词在一起构成谓语动词，表示时态、语态、语气等特征。主要的助动词有be、do、have、shall、will等。‎ be 具体形式有am,is,are,was,were。帮助构成现在进行时。过去进行时以及被动语态。‎ have 具体形式有have.has,had。帮助构成现在完成以及过去完成时。‎ do 具体形式有do,does,did。帮助构成否定句，疑问句等。‎ will,shall 帮助构成将来时的结构。shall仅用于主语是第一人称时，will可以用于各种失态中。‎ e.g. My mother was reading a newspaper at nine o’clock last night.‎ ‎ The trees are planted every year.‎ ‎ I have finished my homework.‎ ‎ Do you often go to the movies on weekend?‎ ‎ We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.‎ 4. 情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法。情态动词本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，需要与主要动词一起构成谓语。‎ 初中阶段我们学到的情态动词有：‎ can 表示“能力”，可以用在否定句中表示推测。‎ may 表示“许可”，语气比较委婉，可以用在肯定句中表推测，肯定语气小于must。‎ must 表示“必须”，语气比较强烈，还可用在肯定句中表示推测，肯定的语气很强。‎ have to 强调受客观原因所迫不得已而不得不做的事情。主要是第三人称单数时，要用has to。have to变为否定句或者疑问句时要借助于助动词do，does。‎ could could既是can的过去时，本身也是情态动词，语气比较委婉。‎ shall 用于表示征求对方意见时，语气比较委婉，多和第一人称搭配。‎ should 表示“应该” ，否定形式为shouldn’t“不应该”‎ need 可以用作情态动词，还可以用作实义动词，need to do sth.需要做某事 had better 后跟动词原形。had better do sth.最好做某事，had better not do sth.为否定形式 e.g. Can you give me some suggestions?‎ ‎ May I come in?‎ ‎ In Englandtraffic must keep to the left.‎ ‎ He has to pass an examination before he can start work.‎ ‎【注意】‎ Must I ... 提问的时候肯定回答用Yes,you must.否定回答用No,you needn’t.‎ 情态动词表推测时的用法 ‎ must：在肯定句中表示推测，语气比may强烈，‎ ‎ 可译成“一定”“肯定”。‎ ‎ 情态动词表 推测的用法 ‎ may：用在肯定句中表示推测，语气比must弱 ‎ 可译成“可能”“也许”‎ ‎ can：用在否定句中表示推测，形式为can’t ‎ 可译成：“不可能”‎ 二、 动词短语 由两个或者两个以上的词构成额短语，相当于一个动词，这就是短语动词。常见的短语动词有以下的几种形式：‎ 动词+介词 look at 看 laugh at 嘲笑 point at 指着 worry about 担忧 ask for 请求 hear from 收到某人来信 动词+副词 put off 推迟 put out 熄灭 pick up 捡起 turn off 关闭 grow up 长大 look out 当心 stay up 熬夜 动词+名词+介词 make friends with ... 和某人交朋友 give one’s life to 献身于 动词+副词+介词 stay away from 远离 get along with 进展，相处 动词+介词+名词 go to school 去上学 go to bed上床睡觉 keep in touch 保持联系 ‎ 二、 非谓语动词 我们把在句子当中起名词、形容词或副词作用，充当谓语之外的其它句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词。‎ 二．非谓语动词共分为三种：‎ ‎1.动词不定式（to+动词原形）可用作名词、形容词或副词2.现在分词和过去分词（现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成；过去分词有”动词原形+ed”构成.注意不规则变化）可用作形容词或副词(现在分词: 表主动, 进行; 过去分词: 表被动, 完成)‎ ‎3. 动名词（动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成”）可用作名词或形容词 三．非谓语动词的作用 主语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 宾补 不定式 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 动名词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 现在分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 过去分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 不定式 ‎1、作主语（it 做形式主语, 注意for/of sb 区别)‎ It’s very exciting to have a Chinese friend. ‎ It’s important to eat a balanced diet. It takes about 25 minutes to walk .‎ It's very hard for him to study two languages.‎ It's very nice of you to help me.‎ ‎2、作宾语(总结后接不定式做宾语的动词: ask, decide, expect, learn, manage, pretend, plan, refuse, want)‎ I want to learn about art These children may find it hard to think for themselves ‎3、作表语 Perhaps one of the most polite ways is to ask someone, “Would you mind doing this or Would you mind not doing that.”‎ ‎4、作定语 Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.‎ Let me tell you the way to my house.‎ Would you like something to drink?‎ want to do sth.‎ 想要做某事 would like/love to do sth.‎ 想要做某事 hope to do sth.‎ 希望做某事 refuse to do sth.‎ 拒绝做某事 agree to do sth.‎ 同意做某事 plan to do sth.‎ 计划做某事 decide to do sth. ‎ 决定做某事 need to do sth.‎ 需要做某事 prefer to do sth.‎ 宁愿做某事 promise to do sth.‎ 承诺做某事 try to do sth.‎ 尽力做某事 want sb. to do sth.‎ 想要某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth.‎ 告诉某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.‎ 鼓励某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth.‎ 警告某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.‎ 要求某人做某事 ‎5、作宾语补足语 有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作补语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式。(help后可以接do 也可以接to do)‎ ‎1）能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，allow，tell，invite， wish，want， encourage， advise， persuade， order等。‎ ‎2）用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有see，hear，watch，notice，observe，listen to，look at，feel，let，have，make等。但是，这类句子变为被动语态时，不定式符号to仍保留。‎ My mother wants me to drink it.‎ ‎6、作目的状语 常用结构为to do, in order to do, 例如： 　　  He ran so fast to catch the first bus.　 　　  I come here to say good-bye to you.　‎ ‎7、与特殊疑问词构成复合宾语 decide，find out，forget，know，learn，remember，wonder等动词常接“疑问词+ 动词不定式”这个结构，用作宾语。疑问词一般是what，who（m），where，how，whether，why，which I don’t know where to go.‎ He can’t decide what to buy.‎ We wonder how to deal with it. ‎ ‎※不定式的否定形式 My mother always tells me not to stay out late.‎ too......to....... 太...以至于不能...‎ 动名词 ‎1. 动名词作主语(谓语动词用单数形式)‎ Eating dangshen and huangqi herbs is also good for this .‎ Knocking into players and falling down would be dangerous ‎2. 动名词作宾语 总结: ①enjoy /practice /end up /finish/consider/keep /be busy/ stand/imagine/mind ‎②hold on to/thanks for/be used to/ prefer…to…/pay attention to/be good at/look forward to/ have difficulty (in)/have trouble (in)/have confidence (in)‎ Do you mind opening the window?‎ My father enjoys watching TV.‎ 备注: 有些动词即可用动名词作直接宾语，也可以用不定式作直接宾语，两者有着截然不同的意义。 （1）like，love，prefer，hate......等表示喜爱、厌恶、偏好的情感动词，后跟不定式表示“仅一时的爱憎情感或指特定或具体某次行为”；后跟动名词表示“抽象性的一种倾向、爱好或习惯性的动作” 2) 动词remember，forget，stop，go on，try，can't help等既能以动词不定式又能以动名词作宾语，但表达的意思却不同。与动词不定式连用时，表示未完成的动作。例如： remember   后用动名词表示 “记起过去做过的一件事”；后用动词不定式表示“记住要去做某一件事情”。 3）动词need, want, require,以及 be worth之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思，相当于不定式的被动语态。‎ ‎ My hair needs cutting.‎ finish doing sth.‎ 结束做某事 enjoy doing sth.‎ 喜欢做某事 mind doing sth.‎ 介意做某事 practice doing sth.‎ 练习做某事 be used to doing sth.‎ 习惯做某事 give up doing sth.‎ 放弃做某事 have fun doing sth.‎ 做某事很开心 remember doing sth.‎ 记得做过某事 forget doing sth.‎ 忘记做某事 consider doing sth.‎ 考虑做某事 be worth doing sth.‎ 值得做某事 try doing sth.‎ 尝试做某事 现在分词 ‎1．现在分词作后置定语(表示动作正在发生，与被修饰词是主谓关系)‎ Look at this group of people playing beach volleyball !‎ There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood.‎ ‎2．现在分词作表语 My hobby is collecting old coins.‎ ‎3. 现在分词作宾补 see，hear，watch，notice，observe，listen to，look at I saw they playing football on the playground yesterday.‎ ‎4. 现在分词作状语(弱化讲解,程度不好的班级可以不讲)‎ 过去分词 ‎1．过去分词作定语(与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已经完成含有被动意义)‎ David Smith of North London has a pot-bellied pig named Connie.‎ ‎2．被动语态由be +动词过去分词构成 When was it invented?‎ ‎3．过去完成时由had+动词过去分词构成 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left 四．中考非谓语动词常考考点 ‎1. it作形式主语、宾语的用法 2．感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法； 3．动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用 4．一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to； 5．有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。 ‎ ‎ 练习题 ‎1.It’s important the piano well.( 2009 徐州）‎ A.   Of him to play B. for him to play ‎ C. of him playing D.for him playing ‎ ‎2. —Are you enjoying ________ in Changsha?‎ ‎—Yes, I am. Very much.‎ A. to live         B. living         C. lives           D. lived ‎3 Please stop ________ a rest if you feel tired.‎ A. to have         B. having       C. have      D. has ‎4. —Could you give us a hand, please?‎ ‎—Sure. What would you like me ________?‎ A. do           B. does           C. to do            D. doing ‎5. So much work usually makes him ________ very tired.‎ A. to feel           B. feels          C. feeling          D. feel ‎6.Would you please tell me ___ next?-Think it over. You’ll find a good way .(2008沈阳）‎ A、When to do B. how to do C.what to do D.where to do ‎ ‎7.Many people think it's very important _________ us  _______  learn English well. [贵阳] A. for, to                B. to, to                  C. with, for ‎8.Betty is often seen _______the old man with his housework.[咸宁] A. help    B. to help    C. helped    D. helps 9. --Linda, I am very thirsty.   --Let's go to the nearest supermarket_______ some drinks, OK? [重庆] A. buy           B. bought          C. to buy         D. buying I. 按照所给单词的适当形式填空: 1. He likes_________(play)soccer, this is his hobby. 2. She prefers__________(dance) to _________(sing) a solo. 3. I am feeling sick.I don’t feel like______________(eat) or drinking anything. 4. She dislikes_______(eat)meat, she wants to be slim(苗条). 5. Mrs Greens hates_________________(travel) by air. She always falls asleep during the flight. 6. Schoolboys enjoy__________________(play) computer games, while schoolgirls enjoy_____________(chat) online. 7. Would you mind______(take) these exercise-books to the teachers’ office for me? 8. He started _____(learn) Chinese Kungfu at the age of five. 9. Have you finished_________(copy)the new words on the vocabulary list? 10. The pianist practices_______(play)the piano every night. 11. When the teacher came in,students all stopped_____(talk). 12. The kids are having fun______(make) model planes. 13. Jim had trouble_______________(learn) Chinese. 14_____(swim) is far more comfortable than______(run) in hot summer. II. 动词不定式 1. What do you want___________(be) when you grow up? 2. He told the boys_______‎ ‎__(not play) soccer on the road. 3. Tony asked his grandpa______(give) him a toy car for his birthday. 4. He decided____(make) decisions by himself from now on. 5. The workers plan_________(build) the bridge in two years. 6. I am really sorry______________________(hear) that. 7. Would you like something__________________(drink)? 8. We’re looking for somewhere____________(have fun). 9. I have no idea which way ______________(choose)? 10. I don’t know what_____(say) and how_______(do). 11. It took them half an hour___________(reach) the hotel. 12. The tea is too hot__________________(drink). 13. He used_______(be) a police officer,so he was supposed_______(face) the danger and challenge every day. 14. Let me_____________(have)a look at your photos.‎ 一、用can, may, must, need, have to, had better的适当形式填空：‎ ‎1.  You __________ return the library book on time.‎ ‎2.  I ________ (not) find the way to the hospital. _________ you show me the way?‎ ‎3.    —__________ I finish the work right now? ‎ ‎— No, you __________ (not). You ______ do it later.‎ ‎4.   He said he __________ (not) come tonight.‎ ‎5.  Her mother was ill. She __________ stay at home and look after her.‎ ‎6.    It’s time for class. You __________ stop playing football or you ________ be ‎ late for class.‎ ‎7.   We __________ start right now, or they would get there first.‎ ‎8.   The cloud is lifting, so it __________ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow.‎ 二、选择填空：‎ ‎1.  —Excuse me. Will you please tell me the way to the railway station?  ‎ ‎— Oh, sorry, but I don’t know. You ____ go and ask that policeman. ‎ A. may B. must C. would D. should ‎2.  John ______ come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. ‎ ‎ A. may B. can C. has to D. must ‎3.   This book ______ Lucy’s. Look! Her name is on the book’s cover.‎ A. can’t be B. may be C. mustn’t be D. must be ‎4.   —______ I finish the work today? ‎ ‎ — No, you ______.‎ A. Must, can’t B. Must, needn’t C. May, needn’t D. Can, mustn’t ‎5.    ___ we ask you some questions?  ‎ ‎— Sure, go ahead! ‎ A. Will B. Shall C. Must D. Need ‎6.   —You must come back every month.  — Yes, I ______. ‎ A. must B. should C. will D. can ‎7.   — Where is Tom?  — He hasn’t come to school today. I think he ______ be ill.‎ A. has to B. had better C. can D. must ‎8.  —What’s the time now?  ‎ ‎— It’s still early. You ______ worry about the time.‎ A. may not B. don’t have to C. can’t D. don’t need ‎9.   —______ I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum?  ‎ ‎— Yes, you ______.‎ A. Must, can B. May, may C. Need, need D. May, need ‎10.  Computers ___ process difficult problems very quickly. ‎ A. can B. must C. should D. need 单项选择：‎ ‎( ) 1. Lily is upset these days. Do you know how to ______ her ______?‎ A. cheer; up B. cheer; on C. pick; up D. put; away ‎( ) 2. Please _______these test papers to each student.‎ A. give off B. give out C. give up D. give in ‎( ) 3. All the students must ______your homework before ten o’clock, or you will be punished.‎ A. hand out B. hand in C. hand over D. hand on ‎( ) 4. Would you please _______ the music a little, Lily? I am learning English.‎ A. turn up B. turn down C. turn off D. turn on ‎( ) 5. Attention, please! The plane will _____ in a minute. Every passenger, please fasten(系) your safety belt. ‎ A. take up B. take off C. take over D. take down ‎( ) 6. This math problem is very difficult, so I can’t ______it ______.‎ A. work; out B. point; out C. set; up D. try; on ‎( ) 7. If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you can _______ it _______ in the dictionary.‎ A. look; up B. look; into C. make; up D. dress; up ‎ ‎( ) 8. The old man _______ cancer at last.‎ A. died from B. died of C. goes through D. ends with ‎ ‎( ) 9. --What does your mother _______? --She is tall and beautiful.‎ A. look after B. look like C. look at D. look for ‎( ) 10. I don’t know how to _______my sad feeling. Can you help me?‎ A. do with B. deal with C. run after D. go over ‎( ) 11. I _______ my English teacher this morning while I was eating breakfast.‎ A. came about B. came from C. came across D. came over ‎( ) 12. --Shall I take you to the shopping center after school? ‎ ‎-- No, thanks. My father said he would ______ on his way home.‎ A. look for me   B. pick me up   C. let me down   D. take after me ‎( ) 13.—Why don’t you _______the correct spelling of the word?‎ ‎—I’m sorry. I don’t have a Chinese-English dictionary at hand. ‎ A. look for    B. look down   C. look up     D. look at ‎( ) 14. Have you _______ your new classmates yet?‎ A. had friends with      B. made friend with C. got friend to        D. made friends with ‎( ) 15—Would you mind ______ my baby while I am away? —Of course not.‎ A. looking for     B. looking at  C. looking after  D. looking forward to ‎( ) 16..Tom, ______ your sunglasses. The sun is so bright.‎ A. put on    B. put up      C. put away        D. put down ‎( ) 17.—Could I speak to Lily, please?--_____ a minute. I will call her at once. ‎ A. Hold on     B. Pass on      C. Put on       D. Hold back ‎( ) 18.I am sure those scientists will ______ a way to solve the difficult problem.‎ A. put up      B. come up with    C. look up       D. come up ‎( ) 19.--Tim, ______ your T-shirt at once! It looks so dirty.--Sorry, Mum. I was playing football the whole afternoon.‎ A. take off    B. take on    C. put off     D. put on ‎( ) 20.---Could you come to my home this weekend?‎ ‎ --I’m afraid I can’t. I_____ look after my grandmother in hospital.‎ A. used to       B. have to     C. prefer to      D. belong to