2011中考英语构词法汇总及练习 19页

‎2011中考英语构词法汇总及练习一 一.概念 ‎ ‎　　英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法. ‎ 二.相关知识点精讲 ‎ ‎1.转化法 ‎ ‎　　英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 ‎ ‎　　1)动词转化为名词 ‎ ‎　　很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如： ‎ ‎　　①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。 ‎ ‎　　②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 ‎ ‎　　③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 ‎ ‎　　2)名词转化为动词 ‎ ‎　　很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如： ‎ ‎　　①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗? ‎ ‎　　②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。 ‎ ‎　　③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。 ‎ ‎　　④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 ‎ ‎　　3)形容词转化为动词 ‎ ‎　　有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如： ‎ ‎　　We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 ‎ ‎　　4)副词转化为动词 ‎ ‎　　有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： ‎ ‎2011中考英语构词法汇总及练习一 一.概念 ‎ ‎　　英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法. ‎ 二.相关知识点精讲 ‎ ‎1.转化法 ‎ ‎　　英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 ‎ ‎　　1)动词转化为名词 ‎ ‎　　很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如： ‎ ‎　　①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。 ‎ ‎　　②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 ‎ ‎　　③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 ‎ ‎　　2)名词转化为动词 ‎ ‎　　很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如： ‎ ‎　　①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗? ‎ ‎　　②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。 ‎ ‎　　③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。 ‎ ‎　　④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 ‎ ‎　　3)形容词转化为动词 ‎ ‎　　有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如： ‎ ‎　　We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 ‎ ‎　　4)副词转化为动词 ‎ ‎　　有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： ‎ ‎　　Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 ‎ ‎　　5)形容词转化为名词 ‎ ‎　　表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如： ‎ ‎　　You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。 ‎ ‎　　The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 ‎ ‎2.派生法 ‎ ‎　　在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 ‎ ‎　　1)前缀 ‎ ‎　　除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 ‎ ‎　　(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如： ‎ ‎　　appear出现→disappear消失 ‎ ‎　　correct正确的→incorrect不正确的 ‎ ‎　　lead带领→mislead领错 ‎ ‎　　stop停下→non-stop不停 ‎ ‎　　(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如： ‎ ‎　　alone单独的antigas防毒气的 ‎ ‎　　autochart自动图表 ‎ ‎　　cooperate合作enjoy使高兴 ‎ ‎　　internet互联网reuse再用 ‎ ‎　　subway地铁telephone电话 ‎ ‎　　2)后缀 ‎ ‎　　英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。 ‎ ‎　　(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ful (一……)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如： ‎ ‎　　differ不同于→difference区别 ‎ ‎　　write写→writer作家 ‎ ‎　　Japan日本→Japanese日本人 ‎ ‎　　act表演→actress女演员 ‎ ‎　　mouth口→mouthful一口 ‎ ‎　　music音乐→musician音乐家 ‎ ‎　　(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。例如： ‎ ‎　　wide→widen加宽 ‎ ‎　　beauty→beautify美化 ‎ ‎　　pure→purify提纯 ‎ ‎　　real→realize意识到 ‎ ‎　　organ→organize组织 ‎ ‎　　(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al， ‎ ‎　　-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)等。例如： ‎ ‎　　nature自然→natural自然的 ‎ ‎　　reason道理→reasonable有道理的 ‎ ‎　　America美国→American美国的 ‎ ‎　　China中国→Chinese中国人的 ‎ ‎　　gold金子→golden金的 ‎ ‎　　east东→eastern东方的 ‎ ‎　　child孩子→childish孩子气的 ‎ ‎　　snow雪→snowy雪的 ‎ ‎　　(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如： ‎ ‎　　angry生气的→angrily生气地 ‎ ‎　　to到→towards朝……，向…… ‎ ‎　　east东方→eastward向东 ‎ ‎　　(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几)，-ty (几十)，-th (构成序数词)。例如： ‎ ‎　　six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六 ‎ ‎　　four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十 ‎ ‎3.合成法 ‎ ‎　　1)合成名词 ‎ ‎　　构成方式例词 ‎ ‎　　名词＋名词weekend周末 ‎ ‎　　名词＋动词daybreak黎明 ‎ ‎　　名词＋动名词handwriting书法 ‎ ‎　　名词＋及物动词＋er／or pain-killer止痛药 ‎ ‎　　名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief总编辑 ‎ ‎　　代词＋名词she-wolf母狼 ‎ ‎　　动词＋名词typewriter打字机 ‎ ‎　　动名词＋名词reading-room阅览室 ‎ ‎　　现在分词＋名词flying-fish飞鱼 ‎ ‎　　形容词＋名词gentleman绅士 ‎ ‎　　副词＋动词outbreak爆发 ‎ ‎　　介词＋名词afternoon下午 ‎ ‎　　2)合成形容词 ‎ ‎　　名词＋形容词snow-white雪白的 ‎ ‎　　名词＋现在分词English-speaking讲英语的 ‎ ‎　　名词＋to＋名词face-to-face面对面的 ‎ ‎　　名词＋过去分词man-made人造的 ‎ ‎　　数词＋名词one-way单行的 ‎ ‎　　数词＋名词＋形容词two-year-old两岁的 ‎ ‎　　数词＋名词＋ed five-storeyed五层的 ‎ ‎　　动词＋副词see-through透明的 ‎ ‎　　形容词＋名词high-class高级的 ‎ ‎　　形容词＋名词＋ed noble-minded高尚的 ‎ ‎　　形容词＋形容词light-blue浅蓝色的 ‎ ‎　　形容词＋现在分词good-looking相貌好看的 ‎ ‎　　副词＋形容词ever-green常青的 ‎ ‎　　副词＋现在分词hard-working勤劳的 ‎ ‎　　副词＋过去分词well-known著名的 ‎ ‎　　副词＋名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的 ‎ ‎　　介词＋名词downhill下坡的 ‎ ‎　　3)合成动词 ‎ ‎　　名词＋动词sleep-walk梦游 ‎ ‎　　形容词＋动词white-wash粉刷 ‎ ‎　　副词＋动词overthrow推翻 ‎ ‎　　4)合成副词 ‎ ‎　　形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地 ‎ ‎　　形容词＋副词everywhere到处 ‎ ‎　　副词＋副词however尽管如此 ‎ ‎　　介词＋名词beforehand事先 ‎ ‎　　介词＋副词forever永远 ‎ ‎　　5)合成代词 ‎ ‎　　代词宾格＋self herself她自己 ‎ ‎　　物主代词＋self myself我自己 ‎ ‎　　形容词＋名词anything任何东西 ‎ ‎　　6)合成介词 ‎ ‎　　副词＋名词inside在……里面 ‎ ‎　　介词＋副词within在……之内 ‎ ‎　　副词＋介词into进入 ‎ ‎4.截短法(缩略法) ‎ ‎　　截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。 ‎ ‎　　1)截头 ‎ ‎　　telephone→phone ‎ ‎　　aeroplane→plane ‎ ‎　　omnibus→bus ‎ ‎　　2)去尾 ‎ ‎　　mathematics→maths ‎ ‎　　co-operate→co-op ‎ ‎　　examination→exam ‎ ‎　　kilogram→kilo ‎ ‎　　laboratory→lab ‎ ‎　　taxicab→taxi ‎ ‎　　3)截头去尾 ‎ ‎　　influenza→flu ‎ ‎　　refrigerator→fridge ‎ ‎　　prescription→script ‎ ‎5.混合法(混成法) ‎ ‎　　混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。 ‎ ‎　　news broadcast→newscast新闻广播 ‎ ‎　　television broadcast→telecast电视播送 ‎ ‎　　smoke and fog→smog烟雾 ‎ ‎　　helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场 ‎ ‎6.首尾字母缩略法 ‎ ‎　　首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。 ‎ ‎　　very important person→VIP (读字母音)要人；大人物 ‎ ‎　　television→TV (读字母音)电视 ‎ ‎　　Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福 ‎ ‎　　Nato ‎ 三.巩固练习 ‎ ‎　　1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. ‎ ‎　　A.care　B.careful　C.careless　D.carelessness ‎ ‎　　2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. ‎ ‎　　A.die B.dead C.died D.death ‎ ‎　　3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded. ‎ ‎　　A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad ‎ ‎　　4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. ‎ ‎　　A.chemistry B.chemical ‎ ‎　　C.chemist D.physician ‎ ‎　　5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off. ‎ ‎　　A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged ‎ ‎　　6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. ‎ ‎　　A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership ‎ ‎　　7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates. ‎ ‎　　A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely ‎ ‎　　8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well. ‎ ‎　　A.satisfied B.satisfactory ‎ ‎　　C.satisfying D.satisfaction ‎ ‎　　9.—What are you doing here? ‎ ‎　　—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. ‎ ‎　　—You can write________passage in English? ‎ ‎　　A.600 words；a 600-words　 ‎ ‎　　B.600-word；a 600-words ‎ ‎　　C.600 words；a 600-word　 ‎ ‎　　D.600 words；a 600-words ‎ ‎　　10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. ‎ ‎　　A.permit B.permission ‎ ‎　　C.permitting D.permittence ‎ ‎　　11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. ‎ ‎　　A.headquarters B.headline ‎ ‎　　C.headmaster D.headache ‎ ‎　　12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________. ‎ ‎　　A.intend B.intention ‎ ‎　　C.intentionally D.intentional ‎ ‎　　13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile. ‎ ‎　　A.practice B.practise ‎ ‎　　C.practical D.practiced ‎ ‎　　14.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine. ‎ ‎　　A.judger B.judgment ‎ ‎　　C.judge D.judgement ‎ ‎　　15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War? ‎ ‎　　A.lately B.latest ‎ ‎　　C.later D.latter ‎ ‎　　16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________. ‎ ‎　　A.longer B.length ‎ ‎　　C.long D.longing ‎ ‎　　17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily. ‎ ‎　　A.joy B.joyful ‎ ‎　　C.joyless D.joyness ‎ ‎　　18.Canada is mainly an________country. ‎ ‎　　A.English-speaking B.speak-English ‎ ‎　　C.spoken-English D.English-spoken ‎ ‎　　19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________. ‎ ‎　　A.foolish；foolishly；fool ‎ ‎　　B.fool；foolish；fool ‎ ‎　　C.foolish；fool；fool ‎ ‎　　D.foolishly；foolish；fool ‎ ‎　　20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great ________. ‎ ‎　　A.valuable B.value ‎ ‎　　C.valueless D.unvaluable ‎ ‎　　21.There were________fish in the river in South America. ‎ ‎　　A.in danger B.danger ‎ ‎　　C.dangerous D.dangerless ‎ ‎　　22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________. ‎ ‎　　A.sound B.silent ‎ ‎　　C.silence D.sounded ‎ ‎　　23.The child looked at me________. ‎ ‎　　A.stranger B.strangely ‎ ‎　　C.strange D.strangeless ‎ ‎　　24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely. ‎ ‎　　A.free B.freely ‎ ‎　　C.freedom D.frees ‎ ‎　　25.What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue. ‎ ‎　　A.reasonable B.reasonful ‎ ‎　　C.reasonless D.unreason ‎ ‎　　26.We have to learn________technology from other countries. ‎ ‎　　A.advance B.advancing ‎ ‎　　C.advantage D.advanced ‎ ‎　　27.The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day. ‎ ‎　　A.nearby B.near ‎ ‎　　C.nearly D.near by ‎ ‎　　28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an________in the government.You can not easily find him in his________. ‎ ‎　　A.official；officer；office ‎ ‎　　B.officer；office；official ‎ ‎　　C.official；official；official ‎ ‎　　D.officer；official；office ‎ ‎　　29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________. ‎ ‎　　A.health B.healthy ‎ ‎　　C.healthily D.healthier ‎ ‎30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose. ‎ ‎　A.Honestly　B.Honest C.Honesty D.Dishonest ‎ ‎[参考答案]1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB 16-20 BAAAB 专题二、英语语法汇总及练习 动词的时态: 初中英语的动词时态主要有五种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时. ‎ ‎1. 一般现时的用法：主要由动词原形表示，但在第三人称单数时要在词尾加-s 。否定句和疑问句要用助动词do, does. A. 经常性或习惯性的动作。如The trees get green in spring . 。 B现在特征或状态。如The Changjiang River is the longest in our country. He doesn` t work in the factory . C.普遍真理。如The sun rises in the east . Five and two in seven . 2现在进行时： 现在进行时是由助动词be 的人称形式加现在分词构成。    主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。如：   Where are they swimming?  They are swimming in the river.   有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。这些动词是：go ,come, leave ,start ,arrive , return ,work sleep,stay,play,do,have ,wear…..  She is coming to see me tomorrow. 3． 一般将来时： 主要表示将要发生的动作或情况。  由助动词shall 或will加动词原形构成。/  be going to 加动词原形构成 It won’t rain tonight .   I shall meet you at the station. He is going to have a swim tomorrow. 4.一般过去时：由动词的过去式表示。 表示在过去某个时刻发生的动作或情况。包括过去习惯性动作。如； Did you knock at the door just now? /  He finished reading the book yesterday. 5.现在完成时：由have的人称形式加过去分词构成 A 到现在为止已经完成的动作。如： I have lent my book to Ann. 我把书借给了安。 He has never seen a real tiger. 他从来没有见过真老虎。 B、从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。如： She has lived here since 1991. 从一九九一年起她就住在这里。 时 态 常用的时间副词 一般现在时 every( year,otherday ,twodays,week,month…) ,often ,always,usually ,sometimes, in the morning,in summer,on Sunday 一般过去时 last week, just now,yesterday, yeaterday morning ,the day before yesterday,then, at that moment,(a few days) ago, 一般将来时 tomorrow, next month, in two days,  现在进行时 now 现在完成时 since ,for（one year….）, just, already, yet ,in the last five years, …before.so far ‎ 被动语态：  被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 Be有人称，数量和时态变化。 一般现在时：be (is am are) +及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时：be (was were)+ 及物动词的过去分词 情态动词的过去分词：情态动词+be +及物动词的过去分词 用动词的适当时态填空 ‎： 1. Light_________(travel)faster than sound. He _______(get) up early in the morning 2. John usually ________(go) home on Sunday morning. 3. Cats ________(like ) fish while dogs _______ (like ). 4. He always__________(sleep) with his windows open. 5. One tree ___________(not make) a wood.  Two and three_______(be ) five . 6. I ______(say ) you are wrong. Everything _______(go )well in spring . 7. He_________(not wok) on Sundays. He _______(take) a walk after supper. 8. Lucy ________(prefer) coffee to milk. Lily ________(hate) traveling. 9. Children _______(love ) to play games. The boy _____(look ) like his mother. 10. The sun _______(rise ) in the east and ______(go) down in the west. 11. Where ______you ______(go ) just now? I _______(go)  to the library. 12. He______(live) in China last year, but he ________(live) in Japan now. He _________(live )there  for three months. He ________(live) there by the end of this year. 13. He _______(pay) ten yuan for his new book yesterday. It ______(cost) him so little. 14. What _____you _____(wear )yesterday? I _______(wear ) a blue skirt. 15. He ______(feel ) very tired last night ,he ____(fall) asleep very quickly . 16. He______(say )he ______( will)write to me as soon as he came home. 17. He ______(take )his temperature half an hour ago. 18. We ________(win ) the league match last week, we ______(be ) the winners. 19. She ______(keep)me waiting for an hour last night . She ______(be )late. 20. He ______(find )it difficult to get to sleep. because he _______(be)too glad. 21. He ________(read ) a book when I ______(see) her  . 22. Great changes _______(happen ) in the village last year. 23. He ____(drive ) to Shanghai last week, he ________(choose )many presents for his family. 24. Just now ,he ______(mistake ) me for Lucy. 25. What ______you _____(do )now ? I ________(look) for my pen . 26. Look ,they ______(read)over there， others _______(dance)under the tall tree. 27. Listen ,someone___________(sing)English songs next room. 28. It’s five o’clock. . I________(do )my homework, My brother  __________(play)games , my mother _________(cook) supper, my father ________(mend ) his car in the garden. 29. Tom __________(fly ) kites with his classmates on the hill now. 30. Who ____________(wash ) clothes over there ? It’s my mother. 31. ______you _______(look ) for a ball? Yes .I am . 32. He _______always _______(try )out his new ideas. 33. The world population __________(grow ) faster and faster . 34. What _______Lucy _________(wear) today ? She _______(wear)a dark blue skirt. 35. ______you _______( make )a cake ? No . I__________(make) dumplings. 36. It________(rain )hard now. If it_________(not stop ) ,we________(not go )to the park. 37. The children ________(go )the park next week.They ________(have )a good time there. 38. He with his father _________(play)football tomorrow . 39. My friend _________ (come) to see me in two days. 40. What ______you _______(do )this Sunday ?  Nothing much . ______we ______( go )shopping?  That’s a good idea. When ______we ______(meet) ? 41. There __________(be )a football match the day after tomorrow. 42. Jim __________(have ) a swim this evening. After that ,he ________(do )his homework. 43. ClassThree __________(not  have )any classes next week. 44. I________(buy )a skirt for my daughter next month. 45. _______you_______(start)your homework?  Yes, but I_________(not finish) it yet. 46. What ________you________(do )with the library book? I_____just _______(return)it . 47. Excuse me . I ________(lose ) my cat. _____you ______(see) it anywhere? 48. If I _______(lose )the book, I must pay for it. 49. I_______( come )to get my pan back. . ______you _______( finish)using it? Not yet. 50. _____you ever _______(milk) a cow? No, never. 51. How long _____you ______( be)  at this school ? For two years. 52. He ________(teach ) in this school for ten years . I_________( live )here since last year. 53. More than two days ________(pass) since we left. 54. _______you ______(take )her temperature? Yes, I have. I_______(have)a cold for a week. 55. _______you _______(sleep )well? Yes, I ______(sleep)well all night. 56．I_______ never________(hear)of that before. 56. Chinese _________(speak ) by the largest people in the world. 57. This bike _______(make ) in Shanghai .Bananas_________(grow )in the south of China. 58. Metal _________(use)for making machines. 59. Sheep _________(keep) farmers for producing wool and mutton. 60. The watch _________(buy) two years ago . It _________(buy) for two years. 61. The bike _________(use ) for ten years. It ________(break )down for two months. 62. ______you ______(wear )it a lot ? Yes . It _______(wear ) for ten years. 63. The young tree must __________(tie ) to the stick. 64. Trees should __________(plant ) in spring . 65.  Silk ________(produce ) in Suzhou. 66. Some of  the things ________(show ) in the museum now . 67. The  PRC _________(found)on October 1,1949. 68. The lost boy _______(find ) yesterday. 69. The book _________(write )   in English It can __________(read ) by many people. 70. Old people should ___________(speak )to  politely . 71. The teacher should ____________(listen ) to carefully. 72. She _________(surprise ) at the news just now. 73. She __________(see)to run into the room by me five minutes ago. 74. The ground _________(cover) with snow in winter. 75. Fruit should __________(harvest) at the right time. 76. There are twenty more trees to___________(plant). 77. He ________(mistake ) for Jim  by the man  yesterday. 78. Great changes_________(happen ) in the village since 1985. 79. The cheapest pen ________(choose ) by him at last . 80. The car must ___________(drive ) slowly   by old men. 综合练习： 1. The girl _____(draw ) a co on the blackboard with chalk now. 2. When_____  you ______(lose ) the book? 3. How many times ______your uncle ____  (be )to Dalian ?  Twice 4. The girl always _______(prefer) Chinese to maths . 5. The girl _______(learn )to milk since last year . 6. –What`s the girl crying for?   --- She ______(cut) her finger. 7. Stop ______.(guess).  Mrs Hu has told me who won the high jump. 8. The dog often ____(follow)the young man everywhere. 9. Can you _______(guess) it isn`t his ? 0. Hurry up, or you(catch)______ the train . 11. Rechard ________(give) you a call as soon as you comes back. 12. The little boy hurt his head . He _____(need) an operation at once. 13. Don`t worry. We _______(send) for the policemen. 14. My radio _______ (break).I can`t listen to it. 15. Robert lay quietly while the doctors ________ (operate) on him. 16. Don`t worry .They_______ (take) good care of your sin if you go to save the soldiers. 17. Most people _______(hate) the bad weather. 18. The spy ________ (cover) the blanks while the policemen came in . 19. Don`t go to see him . He _________(change) his mind . 20. Jim ______ (make) a few friends since he came to China. 21. Don`t worry. The foreign children _______ (get ) on well on well with their classmates. 22. Who _______(wear)  the sweater outside last night? 23. Look. You brother ________(fight)   with John. 24. _______ the door ______ ?(lock) 25. Glasses _________ (make)of glass ‎ . 26. Silk _______(sell) in some shops in the town.. 27. The factory _________(produce) machines. 28. Do you know the Frenchman/ Yes , I__________(know ) him for two years. 29. The farmers often _________( sell) their vegetables in the market. 30. How many televisions ___________(make ) in the factory last week? 31. Athermos is used for _________(keep ) the water hot. 32. Can the motorbike _________?(ride) 33. The old woman __________ (lock ) the box when she goes out . 34. Don’t be afraid  . The dog must _________(tie ) to the tree. 35. All the new words __________(not look ) up in the dictionary yet . 36. How many babies __________(bear) in the world every year” 37. The woman _______(have ) ababy this morning. 38. The shoes in your size __________(sell) out. 39. Jack fell over while he ______(pass0 the stick on to the second runner. 40. Sorry , I kept you ________(wait) so long. 41. The boy is always made ________(wash ) his face in the morning. 42. What _______(be) the population in the world by the end of this century? 43. Mr Brown has stopped smoking since he ________(operate ) on ? 44. Tom said he ______(be) a teacher when he grew up. 45. His jacket _______(wear ) out . He wants to buy a new one . 46. The woman _______(seem)always angry. 47. Will you go to see the film? Thanks, but _________(see) it ? 48. Miss Li ________(be ) Washington for one and a half years. 49. When will you finish ______the book ?(write ) 50. I ______(leave ) my pen in the bedroom . I have to write with a pencil. 51. Stop talking . The headmaster _________(come). 52. The book can ________(keep) for two weeks. 53. After supper she went on _________(do) her homework. 54. It was a cold night . An old man _______(lie) under a chair in the park. 55. Doctors _________(need ) in every part of the world. 56. She ______(say ) she works in an office. 57. His father ________(die ) for two months . 58. By the end of this month , Bill ________(catch) up with Bruce. 59. Why _______you always ______(follow) me? 60. The girl _______(hurry ) off just now . 61. How much ________you _______(spend) on the next travel ? 62. Mr Brown _______(come) in ten minutes 63. All the children ________(take ) good care of in the school. 64. I ________(go ) with you if you agree with me . 65. What _______(happen ) at the corner of the street now? 66. The young man was very lazy , so he ________(send ) away . 67. The woman ________(not hear ) from her husband since last April . 68. The boy  was sad because his team _______(beat ). 69. Two of the players _____ (hurt ) while playing ‎ football. 70. Please go and see a film with me when you ______ (finish) 71. How soon _____ you ______ (go ) again to Chengdu? 72. Could you tell me what _______ (grow ) in the South ? 73. His little sister ______ still _____ (sleep ) when he ______ (get ) up yesterday. 74. I`ll pass the message on to Luny as soon as I ________ (see ) her next week . 75. Mum _______ (have ) supper at six every evening. 76. What ______ this _____ (call ) in English ? 77. Do you feel like ______ (walk ) to the corner with me ? 78. Each of the pupils _______ an hour to finish the paper yesterday.( give ) 79. Your uncle _____ under the tree , isn`t he ? (lie ) 80. He asked me if it _______ (rain ) the next morning. 81. You`d better _______ (go )to see a doctor. 82. We ______ (learn ) over ten English songs by the end of last term. 83. The team ______ (choose ) yesterday afternoon. 84. He doesn`t let us ________(draw ) on the wall . 85. I like _______ (read ) in bed . 86. It ______ (get ) late , I must go home . 87. Neither of us _______ ( have ) much time . 88. It gets too hot for _______ ( climb) 89. His mother ______ (be ) a nurse for nearly ten years . 90. Be quite !  The baby ______ ( sleep ). 91. A new bridge _______ ( build ) in the park last year . 92. Lucy ______ ( do)her home work . You`d better _____ (turn )off the TV set . 93. I _____ (see ) him yesterday . 94. Her sister ______ (learn ) to draw since she was four . 95. A woman _______ ( see )go into the boy`s room . 96. I _______ (call ) you as soon as I get to Beijing. 97. I don`t know when she ______ ( return ) ,but when she _____ ( return ). 98. If there ______ (be ) no water ,there _____ (be ) no living things on the earth . 99. I ______ ( receive ) a letter yesterday . It ( write ) by my brother .He _______ (stay ) in Hainan. He _____ ( be ) there for nearly a year . In his letter , he _____ (say ) he _____ (return ) to Xuzhou the next month . If he _________ (come ) back ,he ______ (leave ) . And a new theatre _____ (build ) near our home . It _____ (finish ) in two weeks. 100. My friend Li _______ (get ) a watch . He _______ (have ) it for two years .  It _____(make ) in a town . He _______ (buy ) it in a street market and  ______ (wear) it to school almost every day . But he ________ (like ) it  . It _______ (have ) often ______ (break ) down . He would like a better one . Next time he ______ (buy ) one from a shop .‎ ‎ 宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由下列词引导， 1. 由 that 引导（ that在口语中可省略） He said ( that) he would like to see the headmaster. She said (that ) she would leave a message on his ‎ desk. He was afraid that he would forget his Chinese. 2. 接连接代词或连接副词引导.(what .who .which . whose  /where, when ,how ……). Do you know what time the train leaves? Can you tell me which class you are in ? I wanted to know where we should show our tickets . 3.  whether 或if 引导 Lily wanted to know if it would rain the next day. She asked if they would go to the park this Sunday. *在选择疑问句中，或与or not 连用时，必须用whether而不能用if。    变宾语从句需要注意以下几点： a． 时态变化： 主句是一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态                   主句是过去时，从句必须是过去时态的一种                   主句是将来时，从句必须是一般现在时。    B．人称变化：不常用 如：He asked me.“Are you a teacher？”                            He asked me if I was a teacher。    C．语序变化：Where is Mike ？ Do you know？                 Do you know where Mike is ？ Practise ： 1． He said .The boy is a clever boy . 2． He is sure . His team can beat them 3． He was afraid . It will be windy tomorrow. 4． He said . The lost book was founded . 5． He hopes  …. He will be able to pass the exam. 6． He asked ….. When  will  the bus arrive？ 7． Mother asked her son …. Whose pen are you using? 8． The children said…..  we enjoy  ourselves very much . 9． The boy asked me ….. Have you heard any noise from outside ? 10. Do you know …. Which way must we take to ? 11. I don’t know ….. Why is he late for the meeting? 12. Do you remember …When did he die? 13. Nobody knows … When will he come back? 14. Do you know … What are they looking for? 15. He asked me … How long does it take to walk to school? 16. Father asked me … What is wrong with you ? 17. I didn’t know …He is going to have a boy . 18. They never asked … Will it be a boy or a girl ? 19. He didn’t know … population is a big problem. 20. I thought … He will come back soon. 21. He asked me …Which TV programme will you watch ? 22. I don’t know …Will it grow fast? 23. Lily asked … Can the man help them 24. Mother asked   Do they have a cheaper one? 25. She asked Lucy … Do you need some more tea ? 26. The teacher asked us … Do you have any questions ‎ ? 27. He asked …  What did Lucy say ? 28. She didn’t know…  Who was in the room ? 29. They wanted know … What is in the stockings? 30. He asked…   What is his present? 31. He asked … Did Jim have a good journey home? 32. He wanted to know … Was it warm in Moscow ? 33. He asked …Where is Jack? 34. He wanted to know … What has happened? 35. He asked … Is anybody hurt ? 时间状语从句：常用下列词语 when 、after、 before 、as soon as 、(not )until 、since 关于主、从句的时态关系与宾语从句一致 1. I was doing my homework when he came in. 2. I will write to you as soon as I get there . 3. I will finish the cooking before my mother comes back. 4. I didn`t go to bed until my mother returned home 条件状语从句： 1.We won`t go to the park if it rains tomorrow. 2.If you have lost the book  , you must pay for it . 原因状语从句：常用下列词语  because , for , as , so 1. I am late because I missed the train. 2. He was lazy so he didn`t pass the exam. 综合练习：用适当的词填空 1. You can not go to the classroom _____ they are having a lesson. 2. ______ they arrived at the theatre, the play had already begun. 3. Tom speaks English ____ well ____ an Englishman . 4. _______ I was walking in the park , I met Tom 5. _______ I had done my homework , I went home. 6. ______ she got home ,she began to wash her clothes. 7. Tom`s mother had been a teacher _____ she was twenty. 8. I waited ______ he had finished his work . 9. You will study _______ you study hard . 10. ______ he has time ,he will come and see us in Changchun. 11. I don`t like winter there ____ it is very cold .‎