中考英语试题分类汇编专题1单项选择精讲1名词 9页

‎23. (2018·湖南岳阳)The little girl over there is cousin.‎ A. Tom B. Tom's C. the Tom ‎23.B考查名词所有格。句意：那边那个小女孩是汤姆的表妹（堂妹）。名字Tom的名词所有格形式是直接在其后面直接加's。故选B。‎ ‎ 26. (2018·湖北襄阳)—Mom, I’m thirteen now. Can I ride a bike to school?‎ ‎—Yes, you can. But you must follow the traffic _______on the way.‎ A. rules B. planes C. safety D. accident ‎ ‎26. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：——妈妈，我现在十三岁了。我可以骑自行车去学校吗？——是的，你可以。但是在路上，你必须遵守交通规则。rule规则；plane飞机；safety安全；accident 事故。路上应该遵守“交通规则”。故选A。 ‎ ‎29. （2018. 贵州安顺）—Excuse me! Is this new house?‎ ‎—Yes, it’s .The parents of them bought it last September.‎ A. Lucy and Lily’s; theirs B. Lucy’s and Lily’s; them C. Lucy’s and Lily’s ; theirs D. Lucy and Lily’s; them ‎29. A. 考查名词所有格和物主代词。问句中house是单数，表示两个人共有的房子，只在后面的名词加’s；答语中选项部分为表语，因此，选择物主代词，故选A。‎ ‎26. (2018·湖北黄冈) —I'm thirsty, Mom. I'd like something to drink.‎ ‎—We only have some _________ in the fridge.‎ A. oranges B. ice-cream C. juice D. cheese ‎26. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：—妈妈，我渴了，我想喝点东西。—在冰箱里我们只有____。故根据前句推断空格处为一种饮料。oranges橙子；ice-cream冰激凌；juice果汁；cheese奶酪。故选C。‎ ‎ (2018 湖北恩施)21- -My dear, you have made in your English this term. Well done!‎ ‎--Thank you, mum. I will keep on working hard.‎ A. a progress B. progress C. progresses ‎21 B 考查名词用法辨析。progress 为不可数名词。句意：- -亲爱的,这学期你在英语上取得了进步。做得好!　-- 谢谢你,妈妈。我将继续努力工作。‎ ‎4. (2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) — Could you please give me some ________ on how to learn English ________?‎ ‎—Sure. Practice makes perfect.‎ A. advice, well B. advice, good C. advices, well ‎4. A 考查名词和副词的用法。advice为不可数名词，没有复数形式；learn English well意为“学英语学得好”，此处用副词well修饰动词learn。故选A。‎ ‎9. （2018·广东深圳） —Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day.‎ ‎ —That's a good_______. Reading makes a full man.‎ A. dream B. wish C. habit ‎9.C 考查语境分析&词义辨析。句意：——西蒙每天在睡觉前都会读半小时的书。 ——这是个好习惯。读书使人充实。 A选项dream表示“梦想”; B选项wish表示“愿望;希望”; C选项habit表示“习惯”，根据句意可知此题选C。‎ ‎ 11. （2018·广东深圳）—I'm looking forward to the final of the 2018 World Cup.‎ ‎ —Me, too. I hope the German team will be the____. It's my favorite.‎ A. player B. winner C. loser ‎11. B 考查语境分析&词义辨析。 句意：——我期待这2018世界杯的决赛。——‎ 我也是。我希望德国队会成为冠军。这是我最喜欢的球队。 A player 运动员；B winner冠军，胜利者；C loser 失败者； 根据句意可知选B ‎ ‎32. (2018·广东省)The three upstairs are too small to have enough for a double bed.‎ ‎ A. room, room B. room, rooms C. rooms, room D. rooms, rooms ‎32. C考查名词的用法。句意：楼上的三个房间都太小了，以至于没有足够的空间容纳一张双人床。题干中three后跟可数名词rooms“房间”，而room表示“空间”时为不可数名词。故选C。‎ ‎28.（2018·海南中考） David likes taking photos, so his father bought him a______ last week.‎ A. camera B. dictionary C. bicycle ‎28. A 【解析】考查名词辨析。由前半句大卫喜欢照相可推断他父亲上周给他买了台相机。camera“相机”；dictionary“字典”；bicycle“自行车”。故选A。‎ ‎27. (2018·河北)Did you hear the ______? A scientist will visit our school.‎ ‎ A. advice B. news C. praise D. choice ‎27. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你听说这个消息了吗？一位科学家将要拜访我们的学校。advice意见；news新闻，消息；C. praise表扬，赞扬；D. choice 选择，抉择。根据语境可知，应是听说这个消息。故选B。‎ ‎23. (2018•河南中考) —It’s useless to regret what has been done. Don’t make those mistakes again.‎ ‎ —I won’t. That’s a(n) _____‎ ‎ A. order B. decision C. promise D. agreement ‎23. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——后悔做过的事情是没有用的。不要再犯那样的错误。——我不会了，这是___。order 顺序，命令；decision决心；promise承诺；agreement 协议。根据句意应选C。‎ ‎28. (2018·湖北黄石) In fact, pandas have become so popular that they are now a _______ of China.‎ A. subject B. symbol C. sign D. spirit ‎28. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，熊猫已经变得如此受欢迎，以至于它们现在成了中国的象征。subject主题，科目；symbol象征；sign标志，信号；spirit勇气，意志。根据句意知，答案选B。‎ ‎(2018·湖北荆州) 22. —Kids often feel better in a happy family.‎ ‎—That's true. A happy family provides a loving _______ for its children.‎ ‎ A. expression B. environment C. encouragement D. development ‎22. B 考查名词辨析。句意：——孩子在幸福家庭里经常感到舒服。——那是真的。一个幸福的家庭为它的孩子提供爱的_________。expression表达，表情；environment环境；encouragement鼓励；development发展。由“在幸福家庭里”可知是“爱的环境”。故选B。‎ ‎(2018•湖北十堰)27. –I don’t think you take the game seriously.‎ ‎ —Oh, it’s not a match. We’re playing chess just for ______.‎ ‎ A. habit B. fun C. hobby D. game ‎27. B【解析】考查名词的辨析 句意：—我认为你没有认真对待比赛。—不是比赛，我们下棋只是为了好玩。habit习惯；fun好玩；hobby爱好；game比赛。根据语境可知选B ‎28. (2018• 湖北咸宁) — Could you give me a few _______ on how to spend the coming summer holiday?‎ ‎— OK, let me see.‎ A. hobbies B. suggestions C. knowledge D. information ‎28. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你能给我一些如何度过即将到来的暑假的建议吗？——好的；让我想想。根据a few修饰可数名词复数，排除C、D。根据句意应该是寻求建议。故选B。‎ ‎37. (2018•湖北宜昌)—The best _______ to come to Yichang is spring.‎ ‎—I think so. The green water and green mountains are unforgettable.‎ A. environment B. journey C. temperature D. season ‎37. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：——来湖北宜昌最好的季节是春天。——我认为是这样。青山绿水是难以忘记的。environment“环境”，journey“旅游”，temperature“温度”和season“季节”。结合句意可知，“去湖北宜昌最佳季节是春季”，故选D。‎ ‎21. (2018·湖南湘西) —Hi, Mom. Where is my______? ‎ ‎—Oh, it is in your room.‎ A. schoolbags B. a schoolbag C. schoolbag ‎21. C【解析】考查名词的用法。句意：——嗨，妈妈。我的书包在哪里？——哦，它在你房间里。形容词性物主代词my，直接修饰名词表示所有关系，且由is可知后面名词用单数形式。故选C。‎ ‎(2018江苏扬州)8. The Queqiao satellite(卫星) will form a _____ bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon.‎ ‎ A. contribution B. communication C. celebration D. competition ‎8.B 考查名词辨析。句意：鹊桥卫星会搭建地球上的控制器和遥远月球侧面的通讯桥梁。下文的between...and...提示用名词communication表示“通讯；信息交流”。contribution表示“贡献”，celebration表示“庆祝”，competition表示“竞争”，都不符合句意。故选B。‎ ‎(2018·江西)32. I live near a big_____. It gets very noisy on match days. ‎ A. hospital B. store C. bank D. playground ‎32. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我住在一家大___附近。它在比赛日非常吵闹。hospital医院；store商店；bank银行；playground操场。根据语境及选项可知，操场附近在比赛日非常吵闹。故选D。 ‎ ‎（2018山东菏泽）22. Now more and more schools care for the full ___ of the students’ talents.‎ A. development B. agreement C. preparation ‎22.A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：现在越来越多的学校注重学生才能的全面发展。development发展；agreement同意；preparation准备。分析句意可推知：学校注重了学生的全面发展，故选A。‎ ‎(2018·山西)25. Reading the first ______ of each paragraph before you read the whole text helps you get the main idea quickly. ‎ A. letter B. word C. sentence ‎ ‎25. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你读整篇文章之前读每段的第一句话能够帮助你快速理解主旨。letter信，字母；word单词；sentence句子。人们一般根据句首的主题句来了解段意，故选C。‎ ‎(2018·新疆)28. Hurry up! Some _______ and _______ are on sale in the supermarket.‎ ‎ A. tomato; egg B. tomatoes; egg C. tomatoes; eggs D. tomato; eggs ‎ ‎28. C 考查名词的数。句意：快点儿！一些西红柿和鸡蛋正在超市里出售。tomato和egg 都是可数名词，由前面的形容词some可知，此处均应用名词复数形式。故选C。‎ ‎(2018·湖南怀化)24.There are many old_____ and ______in the park.‎ A. man, children B. men, child C. men, children ‎24.C【解析】考查名词的词义辨析。句意为：在公园里有许多老 和孩子。由空前many许多，可知后面的名词需用复数形式，结合选项可知第一空需用复数men；第二空需用children。故选C。‎ ‎31.（2018·广西桂林）______ is a healthy drink.‎ A. Water B. Egg C. Apple ‎31. A考查名词辨析。句意：水是一种健康饮料。water“水”；egg“鸡蛋”；apple“苹果”。根据后面的drink一词可知应选一种饮料，故选A。‎ ‎(2018·广西河池) 26. —Mum, I have a bad headache. I feel terrible.‎ 一Oh, dear! You must get a cold. I have to take you to see ________. ‎ A. a violinist B. a doctor C. a policeman D. an engineer ‎26. B【解析】考查名词的词义辨析。句意：——妈妈，我头疼得很厉害。我感觉非常不舒服。——天哪！你一定是感冒了。我不得不带你去看医生。violinist 意为“小提琴家”；doctor“医生”；policeman“警察”；engineer“工程师”。由“have a bad headache”以及“get a cold”可知用doctor表示“看病”。故选B。‎ ‎(2018福建A卷) 31. —I don’t know how to use the APP Fun Dubbing.‎ ‎— Ask Jimmy for help. He has lots of _______ in doing it.‎ A. experience B. trouble C. courage ‎31. A 考查名词辨析。句意：—我不知道怎么用“趣配音”这个应用程序。—找吉米帮忙。他做这个有经验。experience经验，trouble困难，courage勇气。由句意可知，吉米对于这个应用程序很有经验，所以才建议找他帮忙。故选A。‎ ‎(2018·甘肃武威)2. In every __________ there has to be some give-and-take.   A. friendship   B. instrument   C. attention   D. blackboard ‎2. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每段友谊里都必须有一些相互让步，friendship友谊。其他选项instrument乐器，attention注意力，blackboard黑板，都不符合句意。故选A。‎ ‎23. (2018·山东滨州)—Nick, I lost my pen and I couldn’t find _________ anywhere.‎ ‎—There are many pens in that box. Just take __________.‎ A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one ‎23. B 考查代词词义辨析。句意：——尼克，我的钢笔丢了，而且我到处找不到它。——盒子里有很多钢笔。尽管拿一只。one一个，指代前面提到同类的人或物；it它，指代前面同一物；故选B。‎ ‎19.(2018·山东东营)—Let’s see what food you’ve got for dinner. ‎ ‎—Look, we have mutton, fish, eggs, tomatoes and _______ .‎ A. milk B. bread C. coffee D. juice ‎19.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——让我们看看你们为 晚饭都准备了什么食物？——瞧！我们有羊肉、鱼肉、鸡蛋、西红柿和________ 。milk牛奶；bread面包；coffee咖啡；juice果汁。由题干中的“What food you’ve got”，可知答语提供的应该是食物类名词。milk, coffee和juice都是饮料类，故用bread。故选B。 ‎ ‎24. (2018·山东东营)— Hi, Li Mei. How is your new school?‎ ‎— Fantastic. We can choose the courses according to our_______. I love operas, so I took the Beijing Opera class.‎ A. grades B. talents C. interests D. experiences ‎24.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你好，李梅。你的新学校怎么样？——太好了。我们可以根据我们自己的________选择课程。我喜欢戏曲，因此我选修的是京剧课。grade分数，等级；talent才能；interest爱好，兴趣；experience经历，经验。由答语中的“I love operas”可知：可以根据自己的“兴趣”选择课程。故选C。‎ ‎32.(2018·山东东营) —An American boy made a wheelchair for his wounded goldfish. ‎ ‎ —Well done! Animals deserve (应该得到) love and good _______ as humans.‎ ‎ A. life B. chance C. luck D. environment ‎32.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——一个美国男孩给他的受伤的金鱼制作了一个轮椅。——做得不错！动物应该像人类一样得到爱和好的________。life生活；chance机会；luck运气；environment环境。根据“made a wheelchair for his wounded goldfish”可判断这里表示动物也应该受到“关爱，过上幸福的生活”。故选A。‎ ‎23.(2018山东潍坊)The Three Gorges Dam produces________ for millions of people in China.‎ ‎ A. electricity B. influence C. transport D. technology ‎23. A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：三峡大坝为数百万中国人供电。electricity电力；influence影响；transport运输；technology技术。主语“三峡大坝”提示用electricity和动词produce构成动宾短语，表示“发电”符合句意。故选择A。‎ ‎22.(2018·四川达州)—What do you think of The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)?‎ ‎—Great!It will help China improve the ______ with those related countries.‎ A.relationship B.agreement C.environment D.information ‎22.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你认为一带一路倡议怎么样？——非常好！它将帮助中国改善与邻国的关系。relationship关系;agreement协议;environment环境;information信息。improve the relationship意为“改善……关系”。故选A。‎ ‎26.(2018·四川达州)—Which country do you think will win the first prize of the ______ FIFA World Cup?‎ ‎—You mean the football match will be held in ______?‎ A.twenty-one;Russia B.twenty-first;Russian ‎ C.twenty-first;Russia D.twenty-one;Russian ‎26.C 考查数词和名词辨析。句意：——你认为哪个国家会获得第21届世界杯的第一名？ ‎ ‎——你说的是在俄罗斯举办的足球赛吗？从句意知，第一个空需要用序数词，第二个空指的是国家。故选C。‎ ‎23.(2018·重庆A)—I have a bad cold.‎ ‎—Sorry to hear that. You'd better go to see a _________ at once.‎ A. doctor B. cook C. writer D. farmer ‎23. A考查名词辨析。句意为：——我感冒了。——听到这我很难过。你最好马上去看医生。doctor“医生”；cook“厨师”；writer“作家”；farmer“农民”。根据句意所以选A。‎ ‎1.（2018·山东青岛中考）Could you please put some _____ in my cup? I’d like sweet coffee.‎ A. sugar B. salt C. ice D. pepper ‎1. A【解析】考查不可数名词的用法辨析。句意：你能在我的茶杯里加些糖吗？我想要甜咖啡。由第二句中“sweet coffee”，可知茶杯里需要加sugar(糖)。故选A。‎ ‎32. (2018·安徽)—What is the ______ of your excellent spoken English?‎ ‎ —Practice makes perfect!‎ ‎ A. result B. influence C. duty D. secret ‎32. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你能说一口流利的英语的秘诀是什么？——熟能生巧。result结果；influence影响；duty职责；secret秘诀。根据语境知选D。‎ ‎(2018·湖南益阳)22. —I like ______. They are my favorite fruit. ‎ ‎—Really? But I like apples. ‎ A. strawberries B. orange C. banana ‎22. A 考查名词的数。根据下文关键词”they”可知，空格处名词用复数，据此排除B、C。句意：—我喜欢草莓。它们是我最喜欢的水果。—真的吗？但是我喜欢苹果。故选A。‎ ‎8. (2018·江苏连云港) National Treasure quickly rose to the top television rating ranks after it was presented on CCTV. It means a growing ______ in traditional culture among China’s youth.‎ A. interest B. direction C. habit D. dream ‎8. A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：《国家宝藏》在中央电视台播放后，快速地升至电视排行榜前列。这意味着在中国的年轻人中对传统文化兴趣的增长。interest “兴趣”；direction “方向”；habit “习惯”；dream “梦想”。故选A。‎ ‎11. (2018·南京) —Do you have this T-shirt in a small ________?‎ ‎—I’m afraid not. It only comes in medium.‎ A. size B. colour C. material D. taste ‎11. A ‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：—这种T恤有小码吗？—恐怕没有，这种只有中码。size尺寸；colour颜色；material材料；taste风格，风味。根据答句“comes in medium”可知此处问的是尺寸。故选A。‎ ‎24.(2018·天津) Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden________.‎ ‎ A. competition B. interview C. treasure D. tradition ‎24. C【解析】考查名词词义的辨析。句意：他的微笑让我感到温暖而充满活力，就像是隐藏的宝藏。competition表示“比赛，竞赛”，interview表示“面试；采访”，treasure表示“财富，宝藏”，tradition表示“传统”。根据句意可知用treasure。故选C。‎ ‎33. （2018·重庆B卷）—How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?‎ ‎—It’s about two _____ ride by high-speed train.‎ A. hour B. hour’s C. hours D. hours’‎ ‎33.D 考查名词所有格。句意：——重庆到贵阳距离多远？——坐高铁大概两个小时的车程。这里”two hours’”作形容词修饰ride，故选D。‎ ‎37. (2018·湖北孝感) —Which should we start with. Water World or Space World?‎ ‎—Either is OK, it makes no to me. ‎ A. afraid B. promise C. difference D. decision ‎37. C 考查名词辨析。通过Either is ok可知对我而言是没有区别的，所以选择difference:区别。A项mistake意为：错误；B项promise意为：承诺；D项decision意为：决定。因此答案选C。‎ ‎6. (2018·江苏苏州) The boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his .‎ ‎ A. attention B. safety C. action D. growth ‎6. B 考查名词用法辨析。句意：这个男孩已经失踪5天了，他的父母担心他的安全。attention注意，safety安全，action行动，growth成长。根据句意可知，这个男孩子失踪了，他的父母应是担心他的“安全”，应用名词safety。故选B。‎ ‎3. (2018·江苏泰州)About how to achieve a balance between hobbies and schoolwork, Justin asked me for my ______. ‎ ‎ A. position B. attention C. suggestion D. introduction ‎ ‎3. C 考查名词。句意：关于如何取得爱好与学业之间的平衡，贾斯汀向我征求建议。表示“建议”，应用suggestion。故选C。‎ ‎4. (2018·江苏宿迁) Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high __________ from the art community for this sculptures.‎ A. pride B. praise C. promise D. progress ‎4. B 考查名词辨析。句意：吴伟，一个年轻的艺术家，因为他的雕塑品在艺术界获得了很高的评价（即赞扬）。pride骄傲，自豪； praise赞扬，称赞； promise承诺； progress进步。分析四个选项可知“赞扬”符合句意，故选B。‎ ‎4. (2018·江苏盐城)Please give me some __________ on how to spend the coming weekend.‎ A. space B. advice C. praise D. courage ‎4.B 考查名词辨析。句意：请给我一些关于如何度过下个周末的“建议”。space空间；advice建议；praise赞扬；courage勇气。根据后面的介词“on”以及句意可知应用“advice”表示“关于...的建议”。故选B。‎ ‎(2018·甘肃武威)2. In every __________ there has to be some give-and-take.   A. friendship   B. instrument   C. attention   D. blackboard ‎2. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每段友谊里都必须有一些相互让步，friendship友谊。其他选项instrument乐器，attention注意力，blackboard黑板，都不符合句意。故选A。‎ ‎（2018 · 四川凉山）29. Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three and four .‎ A. German, American B. Germans, American C. Germans, Americans D. German, Americans ‎ ‎29 C 考查名词。表示国家人的名词单复数规则：中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面。German德国人，复数形式后面加s, American美国人，复数形式也是后面加s。故答案选C。‎ ‎23. (2017·四川眉山)— How many _____ doctors are there in your hospital, David？ — _____ them _____ over one hundred.‎ ‎ A. woman; The number of: is B. women; A number of; are C. woman ; A number of; is D. women: The number of; is D 【解析】考查名词作定语和主谓一致。第一个空作定语修饰doctors。man，woman等名词作定语时，要与后面的名词在数上保持一致，可首先排除A、C两项;由疑问词how many可知答语应为医生的数量，“the number of+可数名词的复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选A。‎ ‎24. (2018·四川遂宁)—Mom, I’m back. Is there anything to eat? —Sure. Some____ in the fridge. ‎ A. beef B. apple C. dumpling D. milk ‎24. A 考查名词。some修饰可数名词，一般要用复数形式，故排除B和C。此外，结合语境可知，是要一些吃的，因此排除D，故选A。‎ ‎28. (2018·四川遂宁)—Tom, are these books_____? ‎ ‎ —No, they are____. Mine are on that shelf. ‎ A. mine; Jenny B. yours; Jenny’s C. mine; Jenny’s D. yours; Jenny ‎28. B 考查物主代词及名词所有格。句意：—汤姆，这些书是你的吗？—不，它们是珍妮的。我的在书橱上。结合句意，可知A、C之间选择；很据第二空横线后无名词，可知用名词所有格的形式，故选B。‎ ‎（2018浙江·温州）2.一What was the ______ of the football match last night? —AC Milan won the game. A. value B. result C. choice D. decision ‎2.B本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：—昨天足球比赛的结果是什么？—AC米兰队赢得了比赛。value“价值”；result“结果”；choice“选择”；decision“决定”。根据语境和选项可知选B。‎ ‎ 36. (2018·湖北武汉中考) —Kate, I’m going shopping. Anything to buy for you?‎ ‎—Yes, that will save me a ______.‎ A. hand B. trip C. visit D. bill ‎36. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——Kate,我要去买东西。给你买点东西？——好的。那将帮我省一趟腿。hand“手”，give me a hand “帮助我”；trip“（短途）旅行”，save me a trip“帮助我省了一趟腿”；visit“拜访”；bill“账单”；根据句意，故选B。‎