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初中英语中考专项复习(一)名词
一、中考说明解读:
1、熟练掌握: 1)、可数名词复数形式的构成及用法; 2)、名词所有格的用法。
2、掌握: 1)、物质名词及其数量的表达方法; 2)、常用专有名词的一般用法。
3、理解: 理解并能区分可数名词和不可数名词。
4、了解: 名词在句中所充当的成份。
二、考点归纳:
一)、定义: _________________________________________
二)、分类: _________________________________________
三)、用法:
四)、具体考点:[考点一] 名词复数
可数名词有___数和___数两种形式。复数形式是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”,其主要变法如下:
(1)____________________,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
(2)_____________________,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。
(3)__________________________________________,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families____________________________________,如:boy→boys, day→days。
(4)____________________。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,_______________。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,photo→photos,piano→pianos。
(5)____________________,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。有时____________________,例如,scarf→scarves,scarfs.
(6)____________________,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。
【注意】____________________如:men workers, women teachers。
(7)____________________例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。
(8)____________________:people, police等。
(9)________________________________________。例如:ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
(10)____________________,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。
(11)____________________:科学名词:physics, mathematics/ maths
游戏名称:bowls专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls
(12)_____________________________________;Englishman ,Amercian
[考点二] 可数名词与不可数名词
1. news____________________。
2. bread, paper, advice等________________________________________。
3. fish表示____________是可数名词,指____时复数仍为_______,指______时复数为_____。fish指__________为不可数名词。
4. orange_____时可数,_____时不可数,还有:_____意思,glass_____讲时不可数,_____"讲时可数,其复数形式glasses还可表示_____。
5. room表示_____时可数,表示_____时不可数。
6. time表示“________”为可数,表示“________”为不可数。
7. Wood表示“________” 为可数,表示“________”为不可数。
8. Paper表示“________” 为可数,表示“________”为不可数。
9. work表示“________” 为可数,表示“________”为不可数。
10.不可数名词“量”的表示方法,可以用以下两种方法:
(1) 用_____等表示多少,例如:The rich man has a lot of money.
(2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如: a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在_____加复数,
例如:two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water
[考点三] 修饰名词的短语:
1、 可数名词:_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2、 不可数名词:_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3、 即可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词:___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[考点四] 名词属格
名词所有格,______________________________________。用法如下:
1. ___________________,例如:a student's room, , father's shoes,Children's Day。
2. ___________________,如:students' rooms。
3. ______________________________________,例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. ________________________________,例如:a map of China,the end of this term。
5.______________________________,例如,at the doctor’s ,at the barber’s
6. 双重所有格_____________________________,常用来表示整体中的一个或部分。如:
a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends
some students of John's= some of John's students
【注意】__________________________,例如:John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间)___________________,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。
[考点五]名词转化
1.某些名词后加y变形容词,表示“______”,cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny
2.某些名词后加ful变形容词,表示“______”,use-useful, care-careful
3..部分表示人的名词后加ly变形容词,具有______。 friendly友好的, fatherly像父亲的,lovely可爱的,lively活泼的,deadly致命的,silly傻的,愚蠢的,daily每日的
4.某些名词后加less表示______,careless, useless
三、中考试题实例:
1.(上海中考试题)These _________ have saved many children’s lives.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
2. (河北省中考试题) This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’s and Jane’s C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s
3.(吉林省中考试题) ---Are there any ________ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
4. (佛山市中考试题) ---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange? ---Orange, please.
A. hamburger B. chip C. tea
四、 中考演练
1. The doctor told me to eat more _________because it’s good for my health.
A. oranges B. vegetables C. ice creams D. fish
2. ------I’m thirsty. May I have something to drink? ------OK, here’s some _______.
A. rice B bread C water
3. Father went to his doctor for ____________about his heart trouble.
A an advice B advice C advices D the advices
4. ____________turn green in spring. A Leaf B Leafs C. Leafes D Leaves
5. The village is far away from here. It’s ___________walk.
A a four-hour B a four hour’s C a four-hours D four hour’s
6. --------Where is your brother? -------At ___________.
A Mr. Green’s B Mr. Green C. the Mr. Green’s D the Mr. Green
7. He dropped the ________and broke it.
A cup of coffee B coffee’s cup C cup for coffee D coffee cup
8. ------Would you like ______, Sir? ------No, thanks. I have had much.
A some more orange B any more oranges C some more oranges D any more orange
9. There are a lot of _____________in our school. They work very hard.
A woman teachers B women teachers C woman teachers D women teacher
10. Many farmers have lots of _______and got much money by selling the _____.
A cow, beef B cows , beef C cow, beefs D cows , beefs
11. I hear we will have a __________holiday in __________.
A two day’s, two day’s time B two –day, two day’s time
C two-day, two days’ time D two days’, two –day time
12.--- Where have you been, Tim? --- I’ve been to ______.
A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henry’s home D. Henry’s
13.In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.
A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner
14.You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ .
A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once
15.--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ? --- Certainly.
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters
16.Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.
A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear
17. There is some _______ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. Pears
18.In England, the last name is the _______ .
A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name
19.The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.
A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans
20.The______ has two _______ .
A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch
21.The little baby has two _____ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
22.What’s your ____ for being late again? A. idea B. key C. excuse D. News
23.--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.
--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.
A. woman and children B. women and child
C. woman and child D. women and children
24.--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “__”on the door of his shop.--- Thanks.
A.ENTRANCE B. BUSINESS HOURS C. THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING
25.Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?
A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’s Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day
26.Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?
A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room
初中英语中考专项复习(一)名词
一、中考说明解读:
1、熟练掌握: 1)、可数名词复数形式的构成及用法; 2)、名词所有格的用法。
2、掌握: 1)、物质名词及其数量的表达方法; 2)、常用专有名词的一般用法。
3、理解: 理解并能区分可数名词和不可数名词。
4、了解: 名词在句中所充当的成份。
二、考点归纳:
一)、定义:名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。
二)、分类:名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。
三、用法:作主语,English is useful.
做定语,paper tigers, work places
做宾语,She learns Chinese hard every day.
做表语,Tom is my good friend.
做宾语补足语, They chose the boy monitor.
[考点一] 名词复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:
(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。
(3)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys, day→days。
(4)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。
(5)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。
(6)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men workers, women teachers。
(7)有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。
(8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。
(9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
(10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。
(11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:
科学名词:physics, mathematics/ maths 游戏名称:bowls
专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls
[考点二] 可数名词与不可数名词
1. news虽是以-s结尾的名词,但它是一个不可数名词。
2. bread, paper, advice等均是不可数名词,不要受汉语的影响而误认为它们是可数名词。
3. fish表示"鱼(尤指活鱼)"时是可数名词,指条数时复数仍为fish,指种类时复数为fishes。fish指餐桌上的"鱼;鱼肉"时为不可数名词。
4. orange作"桔子"讲时可数,作"桔子汁"讲时不可数。glass作"玻璃"讲时不可数,作"玻璃杯"讲时可数,其复数形式glasses还可表示"眼镜"。
5. room表示"房间"时可数,表示"地方;空间"时不可数。
6.time表示“次数,倍数”为可数,表示“时间”为不可数。
7.Wood表示“树林” 为可数,表示“木头、木材”为不可数。
8.Paper表示“报纸、文件” 为可数,表示“纸”为不可数。
9.work表示“作品” 为可数,表示“工作”为不可数。
10.不可数名词“量”的表示方法
在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:
(1) 用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:
The rich man has a lot of money.
(2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如:
a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,
例如:two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water
考点三、修饰名词的短语
[考点四] 名词属格
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s',例如:a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's,如:Children's Day。
3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's,例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5.表示某人的家、店铺的所有格,省略它所修饰的名词,例如,at the doctor’s ,at the barber’s
6. 双重所有格"of+名词's"结构叫做"双重属格",常用来表示整体中的一个或部分。如:
a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends some students of John's= some of John's students 【注意】
如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。
两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。
[考点五] .名词转化
a.某些名词后加y变形容词,表示“充满…的”,cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny b.某些名词后加ful变形容词,表示“…性质的”,use-useful, care-careful c.部分表示人的名词后加ly变形容词,具有赞美意味。
friendly友好的, fatherly像父亲的,lovely可爱的,lively活泼的,deadly致命的,silly傻的,愚蠢的,daily每日的
某些名词后加less表示没有,careless, useless
三、中考试题实例:
1.(上海中考试题)These _________ have saved many children’s lives.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
答案:C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。
2. (河北省中考试题) This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and JaneB. Anne’s and Jane’s C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s
答案:D。该题考查并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时,只在后面的名词后加’s。
3.(吉林省中考试题) ---Are there any ________ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
答案:D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断,主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。
4. (佛山市中考试题) ---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange? ---Orange, please.
A. hamburger B. chip C. tea
答案:C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。
四、 【中考演练】
1-5 BCBDA 6-10AACBB 11-15CCBBB 16-20 BBABC 21-26 CCDBBB