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人教新目标九年级中考分类复习一 名词

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初中英语中考专项复习(一)名词 ‎ ‎ 一、中考说明解读:‎ ‎1、熟练掌握: 1)、可数名词复数形式的构成及用法; 2)、名词所有格的用法。‎ ‎2、掌握: 1)、物质名词及其数量的表达方法; 2)、常用专有名词的一般用法。‎ ‎3、理解: 理解并能区分可数名词和不可数名词。 ‎ ‎4、了解: 名词在句中所充当的成份。‎ 二、考点归纳:‎ 一)、定义: _________________________________________‎ 二)、分类: _________________________________________ ‎ 三)、用法:‎ 四)、具体考点:[考点一] 名词复数 ‎ 可数名词有___数和___数两种形式。复数形式是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”,其主要变法如下:‎ ‎(1)____________________,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。‎ ‎(2)_____________________,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。‎ ‎(3)__________________________________________,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families____________________________________,如:boy→boys, day→days。‎ ‎(4)____________________。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,_______________。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,photo→photos,piano→pianos。 ‎ ‎(5)____________________,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。有时____________________,例如,scarf→scarves,scarfs.‎ ‎(6)____________________,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。‎ ‎【注意】____________________如:men workers, women teachers。‎ ‎(7)____________________例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。‎ ‎(8)____________________:people, police等。‎ ‎(9)________________________________________。例如:ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。‎ ‎(10)____________________,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。‎ ‎(11)____________________:科学名词:physics, mathematics/ maths 游戏名称:bowls专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls ‎ ‎(12)_____________________________________;Englishman ,Amercian ‎[考点二] 可数名词与不可数名词 1. news____________________。 2. bread, paper, advice等________________________________________。 3. fish表示____________是可数名词,指____时复数仍为_______,指______时复数为_____。fish指__________为不可数名词。 4. orange_____时可数,_____时不可数,还有:_____意思,glass_____讲时不可数,_____"讲时可数,其复数形式glasses还可表示_____。 5. room表示_____时可数,表示_____时不可数。‎ 6. time表示“________”为可数,表示“________”为不可数。‎ 7. Wood表示“________” 为可数,表示“________”为不可数。‎ 8. Paper表示“________” 为可数,表示“________”为不可数。‎ 9. work表示“________” 为可数,表示“________”为不可数。‎ ‎10.不可数名词“量”的表示方法,可以用以下两种方法:‎ (1) 用_____等表示多少,例如:The rich man has a lot of money.‎ ‎(2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如: a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread ‎ 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在_____加复数,‎ 例如:two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water ‎[考点三] 修饰名词的短语:‎ 1、 可数名词:_______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ __________________________________________________________________________‎ 2、 不可数名词:_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ __________________________________________________________________________‎ 3、 即可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词:___________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[考点四] 名词属格 ‎ ‎ 名词所有格,______________________________________。用法如下:‎ ‎1. ___________________,例如:a student's room, , father's shoes,Children's Day。‎ ‎2. ___________________,如:students' rooms。‎ ‎3. ______________________________________,例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。‎ ‎4. ________________________________,例如:a map of China,the end of this term。‎ ‎5.______________________________,例如,at the doctor’s ,at the barber’s ‎6. 双重所有格_____________________________,常用来表示整体中的一个或部分。如: a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends ‎ some students of John's= some of John's students ‎ ‎【注意】__________________________,例如:John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间)___________________,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。‎ ‎[考点五]名词转化 ‎ ‎1.某些名词后加y变形容词,表示“______”,cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny ‎ ‎2.某些名词后加ful变形容词,表示“______”,use-useful, care-careful ‎ ‎3..部分表示人的名词后加ly变形容词,具有______。 friendly友好的, fatherly像父亲的,lovely可爱的,lively活泼的,deadly致命的,silly傻的,愚蠢的,daily每日的 ‎ ‎4.某些名词后加less表示______,careless, useless ‎ 三、中考试题实例:‎ ‎1.(上海中考试题)These _________ have saved many children’s lives.‎ ‎ A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor ‎2. (河北省中考试题) This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.‎ ‎ A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’s and Jane’s C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s ‎3.(吉林省中考试题) ---Are there any ________ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some.‎ ‎ A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep ‎4. (佛山市中考试题) ---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange? ---Orange, please.‎ ‎ A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 四、 中考演练 ‎1. The doctor told me to eat more _________because it’s good for my health. ‎ ‎ A. oranges B. vegetables C. ice creams D. fish ‎ ‎2. ------I’m thirsty. May I have something to drink? ------OK, here’s some _______. ‎ ‎ A. rice B bread C water ‎ ‎3. Father went to his doctor for ____________about his heart trouble. ‎ ‎ A an advice B advice C advices D the advices ‎ ‎4. ____________turn green in spring. A Leaf B Leafs C. Leafes D Leaves ‎ ‎5. The village is far away from here. It’s ___________walk. ‎ ‎ A a four-hour B a four hour’s C a four-hours D four hour’s ‎ ‎6. --------Where is your brother? -------At ___________. ‎ ‎ A Mr. Green’s B Mr. Green C. the Mr. Green’s D the Mr. Green ‎ ‎7. He dropped the ________and broke it. ‎ ‎ A cup of coffee B coffee’s cup C cup for coffee D coffee cup ‎ ‎8. ------Would you like ______, Sir? ------No, thanks. I have had much. ‎ ‎ A some more orange B any more oranges C some more oranges D any more orange ‎ ‎9. There are a lot of _____________in our school. They work very hard. ‎ ‎ A woman teachers B women teachers C woman teachers D women teacher ‎ ‎10. Many farmers have lots of _______and got much money by selling the _____. ‎ ‎ A cow, beef B cows , beef C cow, beefs D cows , beefs ‎ ‎11. I hear we will have a __________holiday in __________. ‎ ‎ A two day’s, two day’s time B two –day, two day’s time ‎ ‎ C two-day, two days’ time D two days’, two –day time ‎ ‎12.--- Where have you been, Tim? --- I’ve been to ______.‎ ‎ A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henry’s home D. Henry’s ‎13.In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.‎ ‎ A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner ‎14.You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ .‎ ‎ A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once ‎15.--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ? --- Certainly.‎ ‎ A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water ‎ C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters ‎16.Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.‎ ‎ A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 17. There is some _______ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. Pears ‎18.In England, the last name is the _______ .‎ ‎ A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name ‎19.The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.‎ ‎ A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans ‎20.The______ has two _______ .‎ ‎ A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch ‎21.The little baby has two _____ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths ‎22.What’s your ____ for being late again? A. idea B. key C. excuse D. News ‎23.--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.‎ ‎--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.‎ ‎ A. woman and children B. women and child ‎ C. woman and child D. women and children ‎24.--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “__”on the door of his shop.--- Thanks.‎ ‎ A.ENTRANCE B. BUSINESS HOURS C. THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING ‎25.Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?‎ ‎ A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’s Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day ‎26.Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?‎ ‎ A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room ‎ 初中英语中考专项复习(一)名词 一、中考说明解读:‎ ‎1、熟练掌握: 1)、可数名词复数形式的构成及用法; 2)、名词所有格的用法。‎ ‎2、掌握: 1)、物质名词及其数量的表达方法; 2)、常用专有名词的一般用法。‎ ‎3、理解: 理解并能区分可数名词和不可数名词。 ‎ ‎4、了解: 名词在句中所充当的成份。‎ 二、考点归纳:‎ 一)、定义:名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。  ‎ 二)、分类:名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。‎ 三、用法:作主语,English is useful. ‎ 做定语,paper tigers, work places ‎ 做宾语,She learns Chinese hard every day. ‎ 做表语,Tom is my good friend. ‎ 做宾语补足语, They chose the boy monitor. ‎ ‎[考点一] 名词复数 ‎ ‎ 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:‎ ‎ (1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。‎ ‎ (2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。‎ ‎ (3)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys, day→days。‎ ‎ (4)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。 ‎ ‎ (5)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。‎ ‎ (6)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。‎ ‎ 【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men workers, women teachers。‎ ‎ (7)有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。‎ ‎ (8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。‎ ‎ (9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。‎ ‎ (10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。‎ ‎ (11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:‎ ‎ 科学名词:physics, mathematics/ maths 游戏名称:bowls ‎ 专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词:news, falls ‎ ‎[考点二] 可数名词与不可数名词 1. news虽是以-s结尾的名词,但它是一个不可数名词。 2. bread, paper, advice等均是不可数名词,不要受汉语的影响而误认为它们是可数名词。 3. fish表示"鱼(尤指活鱼)"时是可数名词,指条数时复数仍为fish,指种类时复数为fishes。fish指餐桌上的"鱼;鱼肉"时为不可数名词。 4. orange作"桔子"讲时可数,作"桔子汁"讲时不可数。glass作"玻璃"讲时不可数,作"玻璃杯"讲时可数,其复数形式glasses还可表示"眼镜"。 5. room表示"房间"时可数,表示"地方;空间"时不可数。 ‎ ‎6.time表示“次数,倍数”为可数,表示“时间”为不可数。‎ ‎7.Wood表示“树林” 为可数,表示“木头、木材”为不可数。‎ ‎8.Paper表示“报纸、文件” 为可数,表示“纸”为不可数。‎ ‎9.work表示“作品” 为可数,表示“工作”为不可数。‎ ‎10.不可数名词“量”的表示方法 ‎ 在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:‎ (1) 用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:‎ ‎ The rich man has a lot of money.‎ ‎ (2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如:‎ ‎ a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread ‎ 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,‎ 例如:two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 考点三、修饰名词的短语 ‎[考点四] 名词属格 ‎ ‎ 名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。‎ ‎1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s',例如:a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。‎ ‎2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's,如:Children's Day。‎ ‎3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's,例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。‎ ‎4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。‎ ‎5.表示某人的家、店铺的所有格,省略它所修饰的名词,例如,at the doctor’s ,at the barber’s ‎6. 双重所有格"of+名词's"结构叫做"双重属格",常用来表示整体中的一个或部分。如: a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends some students of John's= some of John's students 【注意】‎ ‎ 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。‎ ‎ 两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。‎ ‎[考点五] .名词转化 ‎ a.某些名词后加y变形容词,表示“充满…的”,cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny b.某些名词后加ful变形容词,表示“…性质的”,use-useful, care-careful c.部分表示人的名词后加ly变形容词,具有赞美意味。 ‎ friendly友好的, fatherly像父亲的,lovely可爱的,lively活泼的,deadly致命的,silly傻的,愚蠢的,daily每日的 ‎ 某些名词后加less表示没有,careless, useless 三、中考试题实例:‎ ‎1.(上海中考试题)These _________ have saved many children’s lives.‎ ‎ A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 答案:C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。‎ ‎2. (河北省中考试题) This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.‎ ‎ A. Anne and JaneB. Anne’s and Jane’s C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s 答案:D。该题考查并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时,只在后面的名词后加’s。‎ ‎3.(吉林省中考试题) ---Are there any ________ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some.‎ ‎ A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep ‎ 答案:D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断,主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。‎ ‎4. (佛山市中考试题) ---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange? ---Orange, please.‎ ‎ A. hamburger B. chip C. tea ‎ 答案:C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。‎ 四、 ‎【中考演练】‎ ‎1-5 BCBDA 6-10AACBB 11-15CCBBB 16-20 BBABC 21-26 CCDBBB