- 88.50 KB
- 2021-05-10 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传，淘文库整理发布，可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方，所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议，请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传，本站不保证质量和数量令人满意，可能有诸多瑕疵，付费之前，请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ：403074932
2019年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案
(单项选择 介词)
介词又称为前置词，属于虚词，不能独立作句子成分，必须与名词或代词等词类构成介词短语，才可以充当句子的成分。介词短语是介词与它的宾语构成的，在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和独立成分。
一、时间介词
用于表示时间的介词有：at，on，in，before，after, by, until(till), for, during和since等。
常用时间介词辨析：
1. at，in与on
at常用于具体的时刻或较短暂的时间前。如：at eight o'clock, at this moment。
in表示某个较长的时间，如世纪、朝代、年、月、四季或泛指一天的早、中、晚等。如：in the 2lst century, in 2019, in winter, in the evening。
on表示确定的时间，常用于具体的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或一般节日前。如：on Sunday morning, on Teachers' Day。
2. since与for
since后跟时间点，指从某时延续到现在，通常与完成时连用。如：
Jack has lived here since he was eight years old.杰克从八岁起就住在这儿。
for后跟时问段，强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如：
We will stay in Shanghai for two weeks.我们将在上海待两周。
3. after与in
after+时间段表示以过去为起点的一段时间，常用于过去时。after+时间点表示将来某个时间之后，常用于将来时。如：
After two days，they reached London. 两天后，他们到达伦敦。
in+时间段表示以此时此刻为起点的将来的一段时间之后，常用于将来时。如：
My father will be back in three days.我爸爸将在三天后回来。
例题1 Liu Xiang announced the retirement（退役）in Shanghai___________ May 17, 2019.
A. in B. on C. at D. since
【解析】B本题考查了时间介词的辨析。句意：刘翔2015年5月17日在上海宣布退役。时间在具体的某一天，用介词“on”，故选B项。
例题2 一Our class will have a party _____ the evening of June 30th. Would you like to come?
-- Yes, I'd love to, but I'm going to visit my grandparents in Dalian.
A. in B. on C. at
【解析】 B 本题考查介词用法辨析。in theevening为惯用法后面不接介词of短语。当表示在某一天的某个时间时常用介词on。on the evening of June 30th在六月三十日的晚上。
二、方位介词
用于表示地点和方向的介词有：at，on，in，by，under, near, between, beside, next to, in front of, into, out of, along, to, for, across, through等。
常用方位介词辨析：
1. at，in，on表示“在……位置”
at
一般指小地方。
如：They arrived at a small village before dark.
天黑前，他们到达了一个小村子。
in
一般指大地方或某个范围之内。
如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
昨天他到达了上海。
on
通常表示“在某个物体的表面。”
如：The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。
2. in，on，to表示“在……范围”
on表示两地是相邻接壤的关系。如：
China is on the west of Korea中国在朝鲜的西部。
in表示在某一地区内的某方位，属于该范围。如：
Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国的北部。
to表示在某一地区外的某方位，不属于该范围。如：
Guangdong lies to the south of Henan.广东在河南的南边。
3. across，through表示“通过……”
across
表示从物体表面通过，与on有关。
如：The boy ran across the street.
这个男孩跑过了街。
through
表示通过一个空间，与in有关。
如：Look, the train is going through the tunnel.
看，火车正在穿越隧道。
4. over，above，on表示“在……上”
over强调某一物体在另外物体的正上方，属垂直关系。如：
There is a new bridge over the Yangzi River.在扬子江上，有一座新的桥梁。
above泛指在上方，不强调垂直关系，而且两个物体不接触。如：
Raise your arms above your head.把你的手臂举过头顶。
on指在上面，而且两个物体有接触面。如：
I can see a computer on the desk.我看到桌子上有一台电脑。
5. below，under表示“在……下面”
below
“在……下”， 不一定在正下方。
如：Write your name below the line.
在横线下方写下你的名字。
under
“在……正下方”。
如：There is a dog under the desk.
书桌下有一只小狗。
6. besides，except表示“除了”
besides
包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外，还”。
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外，还有30个学生去了电影院。
except
Everyone is excited except me.
except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。
除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）
7. between, among表示“在……之间”
between
between指两者之间。
This is the secret between you and me.
这是你我之间的秘密。
among
among指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。
Jack swims fastest among all the students.
在所有学生中，杰克游得最快。
8. in front of，in the front of表示“在……前面”
in front of
表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外。
There is a garden in front of the house.
房屋前有一棵树。
in the front of
表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。
My teacher is standing in the front of the classroom我的老师正站在教室前。
例题 1 In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains _________ zero
all day.
A. above B. below C. over D. under
【解析】 B 句意：在寒冷的冬天，哈尔滨的气温通常全天都保持在零度以下。哈尔滨冬天气温保持在零度以下，故A，C错。Below指地位低下或低于某水平、标准；under则指空间位置。本题指低于零度线这个标准，故选B。
例题2 Some students often enjoy music to relax themselves
classes.
A. among B. over C. during D. between
【解析】D among，“在……（三者或三者以上）之间”；over“在……上方”；during，“在……期间”；between，“在……（两者）之间”。根据句意“一些学生课间经常听音乐放松自己”。可知选D项。
例题3 Jim sits behind me，so I sit __________ him.
A. at the top of B. at the end of C. in the middle of D. in front of
【解析】 D 本题考查介词短语辨析。at the top of“在……的顶部”；at the end of“在……的终点”；in the middle of“在……的中间”；in front of“在……的前面”。句意：吉姆坐在我的后面，所以我坐在他的前面。故选D。
三、方式介词
常用方式介词及辨析见下表：
介词
用法
例句
by
表示“以……方式、方法或手段”。
We can celebrate Christmas by giving
presents我们可以通过送礼物来庆祝圣诞节。
with
表示“用……工具”。
I can write better with the pen.
用这支笔我可以写得更好。
in
表示“用……方式、语言、语调或颜色”等。
What's this in English?
这个用英语怎么说？
on
We often chat with each other on the phone.
表示“用……”一般指用网络、电脑、电视、电话等。
我们经常在电话里互相聊天。
例题1 ---Nancy, how can I protect the birds? They are in danger.
---I think you may protect them __________joining the Bird Watching Society.
A. in B. by C. on D. with
【解析】B根据答句句意“我认为你可以通过参加观鸟协会来保护它们”可知选表示“通过……方式”的B项。
例题2 More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work underground.
A. in B. with C. by D. for
【解析】C本题考查介词by的用法，后接交通工具名词单数，表“乘”。
四、介词短语
介词在实际运用中常和其他词类形成固定搭配，只有熟记并掌握它们，才能正确使用介词。
1. 介词与名词搭配
如：in time, on time, at the same time, out of breath, on one's way to.等。
2. 介词与动词搭配
如： arrive in/at, turn…into, think of, prefer… to，belong to等。
3. 介词与形容词、过去分词和动调等搭配
如：take part in, be proud of, be full of等。
注意：
①由be made构成的常考短语be made of意为“由……制成”，从成品中能够看出原材料；be made from意为“由……制成”，从成品中看不出原材料；be made in意为“在某地被制造”；be made by意为“由……制造”；be made up of意为“由……组成”，强调由单个的个体构成。如：
This table is made of wood.这张桌子是由木头制成的。
Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄酿成的。
The watch was made in Scotland.这块手表是在苏格兰制造的。
All our clothes are made by tailors. 我们的所有衣服都是由裁缝做的。
Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班是由六个小组组成的。
②由be used构成的常考短语
be/become used to (doing) sth.意为“习惯于做某事”；be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”；be used as意为“被当作……来使用”. be used by意为“被……使用”。如：
He is used to eating out all the time. 他已经习惯在外面吃饭了。
Wood can be used to make paper.木头可以用来造纸。
The book is used as a reference book.这本书被用来做参考书。
4. 部分介词短语与时态相对应
介词短语
时态
from time to time, at times, on Sundays, at weekends
一般现在时
in the past, in 2019
一般过去时
at the moment, at present
现在进行时
at nine yesterday evening, from 8 to 10 yesterday morning
过去进行时
for two years. since two years ago. since2019, over these years, by now, from then on, in the past few years
现在完成时
by last term
过去完成时
in the future, in 2020, in three months
一般将来时
例题1
I really can't see anything. His head is _______ of my view.
A. on the way B. by the way C. in the way D. out of the way
【解析】C本题考查了介词固定搭配的用法。on the way，“在路上”. by the way，“顺便说一下”；in the way，“挡道”；out of the way，“不挡道”。根据句意“他的头挡住了我的视线”。故选C项。
例题2 Oh, your shirt is the same __________>
A. as me B. with her C. with mine D. as hers
【解析】 D 本题考查介词短语the same as “与……相同”。句意：你的短裙与她的相同。故选D。
真题测试
测试时间：30分钟 满分：80分
1. Teachers' Day in China is ____10 September while South Korea's Teachers' Day is _____May.
A on; on B in; in C. on; in D. in; on
2. This photo reminded the old man _________ the days when he was young.
A. with B. for C. by D. of
3. It's really ________ you not to tell your parents about the problems. Do you think you can solve them on your own?
A. smart of B. smart for C. silly of D. silly for
4. Helen is friendly and she always has a smile _______ her face.
A. on B. with C. at D. for
5. --- Would you like to visit the zoo with me now?
--- Sorry. It's___________ the visiting hours. Let's go there tomorrow.
A. on B. over C. during D. beyond
6. Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Group, has made much money ______ the Internet.
A. through B. along C. across D. towards
7. --- I like the weather in Kunming. It's warm all year long.
--- Yes. And the temperature stays ___________zero all the time.
A. at B. below C. around D. above
8. --- David, when do you get up every day?
--- I usually get up ___________ half past six. I'm never late for school.
A. in B. at C. on D. during
9. In the picture, the chair is __________ the table.
A. under B. on C. above D. beside
10. --- When is your birthday?
--- I was born __________ December 17. This year I'll hold a birthday party for it at home.
A. on B. at C. in D. by
11. --- When will our guests arrive at the airport?
---______________the evening of this Saturday.
A. At B. Of C. In D. On
12. One of the opinions ___________smoking is that it is harmful to people's health.
A. for B. against C. at D. in
13. Robert Hunt sometimes advises the students ___________ common problems.
A. in B. about C. with D. for
14. Welcome to our store. We have skirts _________ all colors __________ $16 each.
A. at; in B. in; for C. at; at D. in; in
15. You must be careful when you swim ___________ the lake.
A across B. below C. over D. through
16. The bank is ________ the bookstore and the post office.
A. at the front of B. among C. between
17. -- I hear two high speed railways will be built in Xiangyang _______a few years
--- That sounds great It'll be more convenient and faster for us to go out
A. after B. on C. in D. at
18. ---_________ my surprise, Jin Ming was chosen into our school football team.
---- Congratulations. He did well __________ playing football when he was very young. I hope he'll be the best player in our school.
A. To; of B. At; at C. To; in D. In; about
19. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily______ the windows.
A. below B. across C. behind D. against
20. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn't kill them _________ food or clothing.
A in B. with C. about D. for
21. She always wants to do the job which she has been trained_____________.
A. for B. by C. on D. of
22. Healthy eating __________ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.
A. less than B. instead of C. such as D. together with
23. It was really helpful _____ him to take the cat to the animal centre _________ a rainy night.
A. of; on B. of; at C. for; on D. for; at
24. The castle stands in a quiet place______ the main road at the far end of the river.
A. to B. for C. off D. out
25. --- A person's life is like a road __________ lots of difficulties. .
--- Yes, so we need positive energy.
A. by B. with C. along D. during
26. Many cities in China, ____________ Beijing, have been deeply affected by dirty air.
A. including B. behind C. without D. beyond
27. --- This problem is far __________me, I'm afraid I can't work it out.
--- Don't worry, we will help you.
A. beyond B. beside C. behind D. between
28. The 2019 Tournament Chess (国际象棋锦标赛) took place in Xinghua ____ March 11.
A. in B. at C. on D. /
29. I hope the train will arrive on time, but it's ___________ my control.
A. within B. without C. under D. beyond
30. The 2019 Summer Youth Olympic Games will be held _______ August in Nanjing.
A in B. on C. by D. at
31. Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened _______ March in Fujiabian Modern
Agricultural Park this year.
A on B. at C. in D. to
32. _________ all his pocket money. Dan bought a present for his mother on Mother's Day.
A With B. For C. By D. In
33. Some workers in that factory have to work _______ night.
A. at B. for C. with D. among
34. --- I'm afraid the boy can't deal with the problem
--- Me, too. _____________ , he is only 8 years old.
A. In general B. So far C. After all D. For example
35. _________the exam, we'll say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school.
A In B. For C. After D. Through
36. ---What time do you usually go to school, Jack?
---_____________about half past seven.
A. On B. In C. At D. For
37. They usually go shopping __________ their lunch break.
A. against B. among C. between D. during
38. A ship from South Korea sank into the sea__________ April 16, 2019.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
39. The old man was so __________ the good news that he couldn't say a word.
A. interested in B. excited about C. afraid of D. worried about
40. Cambridge is a small city ______________ the east of England.
A. between B. with C. on D. under
模拟测试
测试时间：25分钟 满分：60分
1. ---Excuse me, sir, but you are _________ my way.
--- Sorry, I didn't know you were passing by.
A. on B. by C. with D. in
2. John is always praised _________ one of the top students ________ his efforts.
A. as; for B. as; by C. for; by D. by; for
3. It's hard- working ________ him to spend three hours ___________the library on Sunday.
A. for; in B. for; on C. of; in D. of; on
4. --- She sold her house to cure her mother's illness, even though it was ____ her own wishes
--- It's so nice ___________ her!
A for; for B. on; for C. above; of D. against; of
5. I am very happy to know the Super Star Partner in CCTV has _________ lots of help_______
those children in need of care and love.
A provided; with B. given; for C. provided; for D. offered; with
6. The result of the discussion is that one group supported the suggestion while the other groups were________ it.
A. for B. between C. against D. with
7. The Swiss-made solar powered plane " Solar Impluse 2 " arrived _______ Nanjing ,_______
Tuesday night, April 21, 2019.
A in; at B at; at C. in; on D. at; on
8. --- What's the meaning of the network hot word "No zuo no die"?
--- Maybe it means if you don't do stupid things, bad things won't happen______ you.
A. on B. at C. by D. to
9. --- Do you like tea or coffee?
--- Coffee. I prefer coffee _________ milk if you don't mind
A to B. of C. with D. in
10. A passenger ship carrying 458 people sank (下沉) ______ about 9: 28 p.m.______ the
night of 1st July in the Hubei section of China's Yangtze River.
A at; on B. at; in C. in; on D. on; in
11. ---A person's life is like a road ___________ lots of difficulties.
---- Yes, so we need positive energy.
A. by B. with C. along D. during
12. ---It is careless ________ him to lose his wallet again.
---I think it necessary __________ him to be more careful next time.
A. of; to B. of; for C. for; for D. of; of
13. On the reality show I Am a Singer 3, the 40-year-old-singer-song,Arriter Li Jian has been praised __________ his singing ability.
A. as B. with C. to D. for
14. There're no buses in the small village. He has to go there ______his bicycle.
A. by B. in C. with D. on
15. --- Hi, Linda, why are you so unhappy?
--- I missed the football match between Hengda and Shuntian ________ the bad traffic.
A. so as to B. in order to C. because of D. as a result
16. --- I think drinking milk every morning is good _________our health.
--- Yes. I agree _______ you.
A. to; to B. with; to C. at; with D. for; with
17. Think about what I have told you, but _______ , don't breathe a word of it to others.
A. at all B. after all C. in all D. above all
18. --- Are you ready? We'll go out for a picnic ________ three o'clock.
--- OK ! I'm coming.
A. in B. after C. for D. since
19. Former president of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, passed away ____ Monday morning,Mar 23.
A. on B. at C. in D. by
20. Jimmy broke his leg. _______ , he will have to be away from school for two or three months.
A As usual B. As a result C. In order that D. First of all
21. It's nice __________ Tom to tell me the news because it's very important _______ me.
A for, of B. of, to C. for, to D. of, of
22. --- What can you see __________ the bridge, Millie?
--- Oh, an elephant is standing over there. Let's go and see it.
A. across B. through C. above D. over
23. _____________ the evening of October 3lst, people have a party to celebrate Halloween.
A. In B. On C. At D. To
24. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn't kill them____________ food or clothing.
A. in B. with C. about D. for
25. The monkey can stand __________ two feet for twenty minutes.
A. up B. on C. with D. in
26. _________ further information, please contact Lucy ________ 55536678.
A. For; on B. In; on C. For; at D. In; at
27. --- I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in___________ the window.
--- Oh, it's dangerous to do that.
A. to B. through C. over D. across
28. We live right here. Look! The house on the other side of the street is my uncle's. His house
Is____________ ours.
A in front of B. next to C. behind D. opposite
29. We can be thankful every day, not just __________ Thanksgiving Day.
A. in B on C. to D. by
30. With a school built in the village, the children needn't climb the mountain for study.
A. over B. at C. for D. by
31. A1l the Chinese people love peace, and we are ________ war.
A. with B. for C. against D. without
32. --- Which dress goes better _______ these shoes?
--- The red one.
A. on B. in C. with D. by
33. --- Betty, when did you take this photo ________ Baotu Spring Park?
--- About three years ago. I visited it with my parents.
A. to B. of C. with D. between
34. Don't worry. They will arrive ____________twenty minutes.
A. at B. on C. in D. for
35. --- What are you talking about?
--- We are having a discussion_________ the relationship between China and Japan
A. on B. in C. to D. for
36. --- What would you like to do __________ such a bad day?
--- Nothing but stay at home.
A. with B. on C. at D. in
37. --- What did the girl complain _________ ?
--- She said no clothes there were suitable ____________her.
A. with; with B. about; for C. for; about D. with; to
38. ---Is the film interesting?
--- I thought it would be. But_________, it's very boring.
A. in all B. in fact C. in general D. in future
39. --- Your sweater looks very nice. What's it made ________?
--- Wool, and it's made___________ Suzhou.
A. from; on B. of; in C. of; on D. from; in
40. ---Why are most children under too much pressure?
--- Because their parents always compare them___________ others.
A. with B. by C. to D. in
答案
真题测试
1-5. CDCAD 6-10. ADBDA 11-15. DBBBA 16-20. CCCDD 21-25. ADACB 26-30. AACDA 31-35. CAACC 36-40. CDBBC
模拟测试
1-5. DACDC 6-10. CCDCA 11-15. BBDDC 16-20. DDBAB 21-25. BABDB 26-30. ABDBA 31-35. CCBCA 3640. BBBDA
微信/支付宝扫码支付下载