中考英语介词复习无答案 10页

介词 知识讲解一：单项选择题之介词。‎ 一、考纲解读 考点 要求 广东省省卷五年中考统计 中考预测 ‎2010‎ ‎2011‎ ‎2012‎ ‎2013‎ ‎2014‎ 时间介词、地点介词、方式介词 掌握 ‎32题 ‎—‎ ‎32题 ‎—‎ ‎—‎ 介词和各类词搭配构词的短语 掌握 ‎—‎ ‎—‎ ‎—‎ ‎—‎ ‎—‎ 常用介词的用法及辨析 掌握 ‎—‎ ‎32题 ‎—‎ ‎32题 ‎32题 分析解读：熟悉掌握常用介词的基本用法（表示时间、地点、方式等），以及一些常见的固定搭配。由于每个介词都可以表达不同的含义，且无规律可循，因此在备考时考生应该注意收集介词和各类词搭配构成的短语。‎ 二、 考点一 时间介词 基本分类 基本用法 例子 时间介词 at 多用于表示具体的时刻前，也可用于固定搭配中，表示的时间大多比较短暂 at seven 在七点；at a quarter to one 在12点45分 at noon 在正午；at night 在晚上，深夜，入睡时刻 at midnight在午夜 in 用于表示一段时间，或用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等。还可以用于表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多久以后”‎ in the ___ century 在21世纪 in 1990; in August; ‎ in autumn 在秋天；in the morning 在早上；in the evening 在晚上 They will finish the work in an hour.‎ on 主要用于日期、星期、具体的某一天的早上、中午、晚上或____节日前 on Mid-Autumn Day; on June 1st;‎ on Monday; on September 3rd, 1990;‎ On a cold winter morning in 1996.‎ since 指从某时一直延续至今，后接时间点；句子用完成时 He has studied English since 2000.‎ from 说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态 From now on, I will learn English in the mornings.‎ for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段。‎ I have studied English for 6 years.‎ after: (1)表示在以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时；‎ ‎ （2）与时间点连用表示在将来某个时间之后 They finished the work after two years.‎ 他们在两年之后完成了这项工作。‎ I will ring you up after two o’clock.‎ 两点之后，我将会打电话给你。‎ until用于_____ 否定句中，意为“直到……才……”,其前的谓语动词多用瞬间动词；用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前的谓语动词需要延续性动词。‎ I didn’t go to bed until my mother came home.‎ I waited for my mother until she came home.‎ 我等我妈妈直到她回家为止。‎ by +时间点，表示“到……为止”，如果by 后加“将来的时间点”应用一般将来时；如果by 后面跟一个过去的时间点用_______过去完成时 We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last term.‎ 到上个学期末为止，我们已经学了1,000个英语单词。‎ ‎“during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作 He lives with us during these years.‎ before表示时间，后接时间点，意为“在……之前”‎ Please bring your homework before ten o’clock.‎ ‎（知识点补充）‎ 延续性动词: ‎ live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke 瞬间性动词: open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish ‎ ‎(一)、时间介词和地点介词——真题操练 1、 ‎_____ March 8, 2014, the flight of Malaysia Airlines MH370 got lost with 239 passengers ___ it.‎ A. On; in B. To; on C. At; in D. At; on 2、 The foreigners arrived _____ Shanghai____ night.‎ A. at; at B. in; at C. in; in D. at; in 3、 Connie arrived _____ the village _____ a snowy night.‎ A. at; on B. at; in C. in; at D. in; on ‎ 4、 They usually go shopping _____ their lunch break.‎ A. against B. among C. between D. during ‎5、——When and where were you born?‎ ‎ ——I was born_____ October 1st, 1998_____ Suzhou.‎ A. on; on B. in; on C. in; in D. on; in ‎(二)、时间介词——真题操练 ‎1、——What will you do ____ the summer holiday?‎ ‎ ——I think I shall watch London Olympic Games. It will ____ in August. ‎ A. during; be held B. at; hold C. during; hold D. at; be hold ‎2、—Do you often go swimming ____ Sunday morning?‎ ‎ —Yes. Why not ____ with me this Sunday?‎ A. on; go B. in; to go C. on; going D. in; going ‎3、I was born___ a Friday morning.‎ A. in B. on C. at D. for ‎4、Wow！Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays ___ October. ‎ A. in B. on C. at D. to ‎5、My friend, Henry, was born _____ June 10th, 1997.‎ A. in B. on C. at D. for ‎6、Welcome to our hotel ! I hope you’ll have a good time____ your stay here.‎ A. after B. during C. with D. since ‎7、Both of my parents were born___ 1970.‎ A. in B. on C. at D. to ‎8、—When was you born?‎ ‎ —I was born____ a cold winter morning in 1996.‎ A. in B. on C. at ‎ ‎（三）in 与after的区别 易混词 用法 例句 in 表示在以此时此刻为起点的将来的一个时间段之后，常与将来时连用 in the past, “在过去”，与过去时连用；‎ in the past/last+时间段，“在过去的······中”，表示从现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。‎ In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school. 在过去的几年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。‎ after ‎“after+时间段”常与过去时连用，“after+时间点”常与将来时连用 We’ll leave after lunch.我们将在午饭后动身。‎ 时间介词真题操练：‎ ‎10、I hear our teacher will be back____ three weeks’ time.‎ A. at B. in C. for D. after 三、 考点二 地点介词 基本分类 基本用法 例子 地点介词 at 多用于较小的地点前（时间at 用于较短时间；arrive at 加小地点）‎ at the bus stop; at home arrive at the airport 到达机场 in 用在较大的地方前 arrive in China; in the world 在世界上 on 表示“在……上面”，强调表示接触 Look at the book on the desk.‎ over表示“在……正上方”，表示垂直在上 There is a bridge over the river.河上面有一座桥。‎ above 表示“在……上面”，属于斜上方 Raise your arms above your head.把你的胳膊举到头上。‎ below“在……下面”，不一定有垂直在下之意 The coat reaches below the knees. 这件大衣一直到膝盖下。‎ under 表示“在……正下方”‎ There are many bikes under the tree.‎ in front of 表示“在……前面”（范围外）‎ There are some trees in front of the classroom.（大树在教室外面）‎ in the front of 表示“在……的前部”（范围内）‎ Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.（教室里面的前面）‎ before所表示的位置关系和in front of 通用，表示“在……前面”‎ He sits in front of/before me.‎ behind表示“在……后面”，是in front of 的反义词 Don’t hide behind the tree.‎ at the back of 表示“在……后部”，是in the front of 的反义短语 There is a blackboard at the back of our classroom.‎ 我们教室后部有块黑板。‎ by 表示“在……旁边”，与beside 同义 We live by the river. 我们住在河边。‎ beside“在……旁边”，强调靠近；‎ besides 连词，而且 Who’s that girl beside the boy?‎ 在男孩旁边的那个女孩是谁？‎ near“在……附近”，距离比by 和next to 远 Is there a hospital near here?‎ next to “紧邻，在……旁边”，相当于close to The boy next to her is my classmate.‎ between “在……之间”‎ You must choose one between her and me.‎ ‎，强调两者之间或众多事物的“两两之间”‎ among“在……之间”，表示“三者或三者以上之间”‎ He is the tallest among all the children.‎ around“在……周围”，强调环境 Let’s show you around the city. 让我们带你在城里转转。‎ into表示有特定的运动方向，常用动词连用，意为“进入”‎ The hare ran into the forest. 野兔跑进了森林。‎ The students are going into the school bus in order/one by one.‎ out of“从……里面出来”，与into意思相反 The hare came out of its cave. 野兔从它的洞里出来了。‎ The students are coming out of the school bus one by one.‎ through表示从空间“穿过”‎ The little dog can go through the hole in the door.‎ 那只小狗能从门洞里钻出来。‎ across表示从平面“穿过”river, shoulder Go across the bridge and then turn left. 过桥然后左转。‎ to (toward, towards)表示方向，意为“到某地”或“朝，向”‎ My father will go to Beijing next week.‎ The windows open towards the south. 这个窗户向南开。‎ along 表示 “顺着，沿着”‎ Go along this street.‎ （一） across, through, over, past 的区别 易混词 用法 例句 ‎ across 表示“穿过，越过”，含有“从.....表面穿过”之意，或指从一边到另一边而进行的动作，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across He can swim across the river.‎ 他可以游过这条河。‎ through 都表示“穿过，越过”，含有“从.....中间”穿过之意 She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son. 她必须拨开人群到达她儿子身边。‎ over 多指在空间范围上“越过”‎ The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.‎ 飞机从东南部的群山上飞过。‎ past 指“经过”‎ They walked past a tall tree.‎ 他们路过一颗高高的树。‎ 地点介词真题操练：‎ ‎1、The sweet smell of the flowers in the garden comes in _____ the open windows making us feel in a good mood.（心情）‎ A. on; B. with C. through ‎ ‎2、The old man is a good swimmer, and even now he always swims ____ the Pearl River after supper.‎ A. over B. through C. to D. across ‎（二）地点介词真题操练 1、 ‎—Why are you standing, Alice?‎ ‎ —I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall toys are sitting ___ me.‎ A. behind; B. next to C. between D. in front of ‎ 2、 Wushu is becoming more and more popular_____ westerners.‎ A. among B. between C. in D. within ‎3、——Is this your father home?‎ ‎ ——No, he’s working late____the office.‎ A. on B. at C. of D. to 四、考点三 方式介词 基本分类 基本用法 例子 方式介词 with 表示使用的工具或手段，一般接具体的手段或工具 You must do your exam with a pen. 你必须用钢笔答题。‎ by表示一种方式或方法，后面的名词不加冠词，也无复数形式。by以跟动名词。‎ They go to school by bike.‎ The old man made a living by selling newspapers.那个老人以卖报为生。‎ in 表示用材料或语言等。‎ You can write in black ink.你可以用黑色墨水写。‎ What’s this in English?这个用英语怎么说 （一） in, with 和by表示“用”时的区别 易混词 用法 例句 in 主要表示用语言、声音、原材料等。‎ Can you sing this song in English?‎ with 表示用具体有形的东西 I write my homework with a pen.‎ by 表示用......手段或方式，后常接动名词 The girl made money by selling flowers.‎ （二） with 和without 的区别 易混词 用法 例句 with 有“和， 附带，带有”之意。‎ with the help of 在...的帮助 play with和谁一起玩 talk with 和.....讨论 without 有“没有”之意 without help 没有帮助 without breakfast 没吃早餐 ‎（三）方式介词真题操练 1、 I couldn’t do it ____ your great help. Thanks a lot.‎ A. with B. without C. for D. to 2、 ‎—Kelly, who’s the girl ____ glasses in the photo?‎ ‎ —It’s me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.‎ A. by B. of C. on D. With 3、 It’s time ____ the weather report. Turn on the radio, please.‎ A. to B. in C. at D. for ‎ ‎4、Students are encouraged to share their learning experience ____ their classmates.‎ A. to B. in C. at D. with ‎ ‎5、You can improve your English ____ practicing more.‎ A. by B. with C. of D. in ‎6、____ 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.‎ A. In; B. At; C. On D. for ‎ （四） by, in 和on表示旅行方式的区别 易混词 用法 例子 by 1、 不涉及表示交通工具的名词时用by 2、 涉及表示交通工具的名词，且该名词为单数名词，前面没有冠词或任何修饰语时用by by sea; by air; ‎ by ship; by plane on 或者in 当旅行方式涉及确定的、特指的交通工具时，用on 或in, 交通工具前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。在开放型或半开放型工具前用on,在封闭型工具前用in on my bike; in a car 方式介词真题操练：‎ ‎7、I like going to school ____ my bike.‎ A. in B. on C. by D. at ‎8、After the final exam, Changchang, ____ her mother, is going to travel to Canada instead of staying at home all the time.‎ A. and B. with C. as well ‎ ‎9、Bill has made great progress ____ the help of his teachers.‎ A. for B. with C. under ‎ ‎10、—Who did you go to the movies ____？‎ ‎—Nobody. I went alone.‎ A. with B. about C. for D. from 五、考点四 常用介词的用法及辨析：‎ ‎（一）in和on的区别 易混词 用法 例句 on the tree 表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”‎ There are some apples on the trees.树上有些苹果。‎ in the tree 表示人或其他东西“在树上”‎ There are some monkeys in the tree.树上有些猴子。‎ on the wall 表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上”‎ There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅画。‎ in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”‎ There is a hole in the wall. 墙上有个洞。‎ （二） 表示地点的介词in, on和to的区别 易混词 用法 例句 in Guandong is in the south of 表示在某一地区之内的某方向。（属于该范围）‎ ‎ China.广东位于中国的南部。（范围之内）‎ to 表示在某一地区之外的某方向。（不属于该范围）‎ Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东边。‎ ‎（范围之外，不接壤）‎ on 表示与某地的毗邻关系 Korea‎ is on the east of China. 朝鲜毗邻中国，在中国的东边。（毗邻）‎ ‎（三）after与behind区别 ‎ 两个词都有“在······后”之意，behind只表示位置方面的“在······之后”，不能表示时间，而after则表示时间方面的“在······之后”。‎ ‎ For examples:‎ ‎ behind the school 在学校后面；‎ ‎ after 5 o’clock 5点之后；‎ ‎ after the house 在房子后面 (四) ‎、at 和to 表行为对象时的区别 易混词 用法 例句 at 与某些动词连用，表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意。‎ shout at 对·····大喊；smile at 对·····微笑；‎ laugh at 嘲笑 Don’t laugh at others. It is impolite.‎ to 只表示方向，没有恶意 She came to me and shook my hand warmly.她向我走来并且热情地跟我握手。‎ (五) ‎、of 和in 用于最高级结构中的区别 易混词 用法 例句 of 后接数词或可数名词复数 Tom is the tallest of the four. 汤姆是这四个孩子中个子最高的。‎ in 后一般接可数名词的单数形式 Tom is the tallest boy in the class. 汤姆是班里个子最高的男孩。‎ ‎（六）、to的两种用法的区别 易混词 用法 例句 to 介词+名词，代词或动名词。‎ pay attention to 注意······；make a contribution to 贡献；get used to 习惯于；prefer···to···更喜欢；look forward to···期待 动词不定式+动词原形 want to do sth.‎ decide to do sth.‎ ‎（七）、常用介词辨析之真题操练 1、 Most people are_____ building a paper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted.‎ A. for B. with C. against D. beyond 2、 The boy looks nice____ white while the red sweater looks good ___ the girl.‎ A. with; on B. in; on C. on; in D. in; with 3、 The Dragon Boat Festival in celebrated _____ different ways ____ the same time in different places every year.‎ A. on; in B. in; at C. on; at D. on; at 4、 My aunt Jane tried her best to reduce her weight ____ 6kg.‎ A. about B. at C. to D. by ‎ 5、 ‎—Your bag looks the same____ mine.‎ ‎ —Oh, really? It’s a gift____ my father.‎ A. with; to B. with; from C. as; on D. as; from ‎ 6、 The castle stands in a quiet place ____ the main road at the far end of the river.‎ A. to B. for C. off D. out 7、 ‎——This problems is far____ me; I am afraid I can’t work it out.‎ ‎ ——Don’t worry, we will help you.‎ A beyond B. beside C. behind D. between 8、 The exhibition shows_____ 200 paintings of young, exciting artists from France.‎ A. at B. with C. about D. in ‎ ‎9、She had to sell the house even though it was ____ her own wishes.‎ A. for B. above C. against D. on ‎10、——Can I join Oxfam Trail-walker?‎ ‎——Only if you are ___ eighteen.‎ A. over B. under C. blow D. on （八） ‎、for, to 和towards的区别 易混词 用法 例句 for 常用在leave, start 后，表示运动的方向或目的。‎ They will leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.下个月他们将去北京参加会议。‎ to 接在go, come, return, move等词后，表示目的地 When did you return to Dongguan after the holiday?假期后，你什么时候返回东莞？‎ towards 意为“朝，向”，只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思 She walked slowly towards me.‎ 她慢慢地向我走来。‎ 介词真题操练：‎ 1、 She always wants to do the job which she has been trained ____.‎ A. for B. by C. on D. off ‎2、—— Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the People’s Hospital？ ‎ ‎ —— Walk along this street _____ the end and you’ll find it on your left.‎ A. in B. by C. to D. at ‎3、—— What did you get ____ your birthday,Tony? ‎ ‎ —— An iPad3, from my aunt.‎ A. to B. at C. with D. for ‎（九）、but, besides 和except的区别 易混词 用法 例句 but 表示“除······之外”，常与含有否定意义的词连用，当but前有动词do 时，but后接动名词原形。‎ We can do nothing but wait.‎ 除了等待我们什么也做不了。‎ except 表示“除······之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所带的人或物，前面常有all, every, any, no 等词。‎ All the students go to the zoo except Jim.‎ 除了吉姆，所有的学生都去了动物园。‎ besides 表示“除······之外（还有）”，它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides所带的人或物，其前常有other, another, any other, a few等词。‎ I have a few friends besides you.‎ 除了你之外，我还有几个好朋友。‎ except 表示“除去，不包括”，强调所排除的“不包括在内”，一般表示同类之间的关系 ‎① The office is open every day except Sundays. 除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。 ‎ ‎② You can have any of the cakes except this one. 除了这块蛋糕，你哪块都能吃。 ‎ except for 它同except的区别是：except for后接的词同句子中的整体词（主语）不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面；而except后接的词同整体词（主语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分 ‎① I can answer all the questions except for the last one. 除了最后一题外，所有题目我都可以解答。 ‎ ‎② Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. 除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。‎ ‎。‎ 介词真题操练：‎ 1、 ‎—All the workers went home yesterday _____ Mr. White. Why?‎ ‎ —Because he was on duty.‎ A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside 2、 ‎—Who else do you know at the party ____ Jim and Tom?‎ ‎ —Lucy and Lily.‎ A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside （十） ‎、of sb. 与for sb. 的区别 （1） of sb. “对于（某人）”用于 It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth.句型中，形容词为clever, kind, nice 等描述人物性格特征的词，of 后的人物与形容词有主表关系。‎ ‎ It is very kind of you help the old man.‎ （1） for sb. “对于（某人）”，用于It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth. 句型中，形容词为easy, important等不描述人物性格特征的词，for 后中的人物与形容词没有主表关系。‎ ‎ It is important for us to study hard.‎ 介词真题操练：‎ 1、 ‎—City air is very dirty, so it would be wise ____ you to wash your hair often.‎ ‎ —I know, but it is not easy_____ me to do that every day.‎ ‎ A. for; of B. of; of ‎ C. of; for D. for; for