中考英语 名词代词 13页

中考专题（一）名词 I.‎‎ 名词的分类：‎ ‎(1)名词的定义：名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。‎ ‎ 如：book （书); bread（面包）; news（新闻）;boy（男孩）;‎ ‎ Tom（汤姆）; London（伦敦）; China（中国）‎ ‎【广东佛山】－Whose_________(猫) is that? －It’s hers.‎ ‎【广东佛山】－What’s your__________?‎ ‎ －I like playing the violin very much.‎ ‎ A.job B.address C.hobby ‎（2）名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词 ‎ ①专有名词：‎ 表示人、地方、组织、机构等的专有名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写 ‎ 如：Tom/Beijing/Project Hope/WTO ②普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 ‎ (1)：可数名词分为个体名词（teacher/desk/box/city)和集体名词(police/family)‎ ‎ 【注】：集体名词前不可使用不定冠词； 集体名词不与one连用。‎ ‎ (2)：不可数名词分为物质名词(milk/water/rain/wood)和抽象名词（work/friendship/peace/love)‎ II.名词的数 一、 可数名词的数：‎ ‎【可数名词】：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。 ‎ ‎ 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。‎ ‎(1)单数： 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个：‎ ‎ a banana a book a pen an orange an apple an eraser ‎【陕西】John wants to be a _____, so he often helps sick people in the hospital. ‎ ‎ A. reporter B. doctor C. scientist D. Cook ‎【山东德州3】 A/An_________ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, ‎ ‎ the blue sea and many other things.‎ ‎ A. actor B. scientist C. artist D. doctor ‎ ‎ (2)复数：指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式:‎ ‎ 名词复数是在单数名词后加-s/-es构成(特殊情况除外)‎ ‎ two bananas ____________ three watches ______________‎ 名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：‎ 1. 单数变复数的规则变化：‎ ①一般的名词变复数, 直接在词尾加-s ‎ book → __________ pen →__________ banana→__________ ‎ 河北】Cici enjoys dancing. It's one of her______ .‎ ‎ A. prize B. prizes C. hobby D. hobbies 福建泉州2】—Mum, can I blow out all the _______on the birthday cake now ?‎ ‎ —No, dear . You should make a wish first .‎ ‎ A. flowers B. candles C. fruits ‎ ‎【山东德州2】The people who are more confident have more____ to make themselves ‎ ‎ successful.‎ A. education B. chances C. pride D. excuses ‎ 浙江温州4】— I like reading.‎ ‎ —Me too. I especially like the ____ written by J. K. Rowling.‎ ‎ A. homework B. numbers C. movies D. books ‎ ②. 以s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词, 加-es ‎ bus→___________ class →__________ box→_____________ fox→__________ ‎ ‎ watch →_________ brush → __________ dish →__________‎ 四川南充3】There are some ________ on the floor. ‎ ‎ A. milk B. child C. boxes ‎  ③. 以o 结尾的名词, 有生命的物质的名词, 加-es;‎ ‎【记】 黑人（Negro → ____________） 英雄 （hero → ____________ ） ‎ ‎ 爱吃土豆（Potato → ____________）和西红柿 （tomato → ____________）‎ 广西玉林】Eating more vegetables is good for our health. I often eat lettuce, broccoli ‎ ‎ and ______.‎ ‎ A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. potato 贵阳" Lily，let's make vegetable salad. How many___do we need?" “One is enough.”‎ ‎ A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes ‎ 无生命的物质的名词, 加-s。 ‎ ‎【记】 我听广播(radio→ ____________)， 也看到电视录像( video→____________)，‎ 说动物园( zoo→ ____________)里的袋鼠(kangaroo→____________) 弹着钢琴(piano→ ____________)，吃着竹子（bamboo →____________）吸引游客来拍照片 （photo→  ____________）‎ ‎  ④. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数,把f 或fe 改为-ves 初中阶段掌握以下名词：‎ ‎【记】小偷的妻子用树叶和小刀在书架上杀死了半个狼的生命 ‎ thief→___________wife→____________leaf→__________ knife→___________ shelf→____________half→____________wolf →________ life →____________‎ ⑤ 以y 结尾的名词变复数, 分两种情况：‎ ‎（1）辅音字母+y结尾的名词，改y 为i 再加-es。‎ city→____________ family→____________ ‎ dictionary→____________ library→ ____________ ‎ ‎ 【2013江苏盐城】—Do you have any ___ ? —Yes, I like chess and drama best.‎ ‎ A. jobs B. duties C. hobbies D. problems ‎ ‎【2014 广东】—I hear you run for half an hour every day.‎ ‎ —Right, we have to.It is one of the ________ in our school ‎ A.rules B.plans C.hobbies D.choices ‎(2)元音字母+y 结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s boy→____________ key →____________ monkey →____________ ‎ 1. 单数变复数的不规则变化：‎ ‎（1）单复数同形 初中阶段掌握以下名词：‎ ‎【记】中国人和日本人爱护绵羊、鹿和鱼 Chinese→____________ Japanese →____________ ‎ sheep→____________ deer →____________ fish →____________【2014广东】The students of Grade 7 visited Mike's farm and saw many ________there.‎ ‎ A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit ‎ ‎【2012山东东营1】Mr. Jackson keeps lots of _______ on his farm.‎ ‎ A. sheep B. chicken C. goose D. pandas ‎（2）单复数不同形 初中阶段掌握以下名词：‎ ‎【记】男人和女人的孩子用脚踢了耗子的牙齿 man →____________ woman →____________ child→____________ ‎ foot →____________ mouse →____________ tooth→____________‎ ‎【另记为】：‎ ‎1. child → children ‎2. man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律：man → men)‎ ‎3. foot → feet tooth → teeth ‎(3) 某国人的复数：‎ ‎ 1)中、日不变 Chinese Japanese ‎2). 英、法变 Englishman Frenchman ‎3). 其余s加后面 American German- Australian Canadian ‎ ‎【2013黑龙江绥化】 I saw some ___ and ____ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.‎ ‎ A. Germen; Englishmen B. Germans; Englishmans C. Germans; Englishmen ‎3.修饰可数名词的修饰词有：these, those, few,a few, many, how many ,too many, a good(great) many, a number of 等。‎ ‎【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】2. How many_______ are there in the basket?‎ ‎ A. potato B. bread C. tomatoes ‎【2013四川广安2】 —Are there any ______in your school? —Yes, there are.‎ ‎ A. Germen B. Germans C. German 二、 不可数名词的数 ‎【可数名词】不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。‎ 贵州毕节3】—I have __ in learning English and I’m so worried. Could you help me ‎ ‎ with it?‎ ‎ —Sure, I’d love to.‎ ‎ A.joy B. interest C. trouble D. Fun 广东1】 —Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ______ these days. Is it true?‎ ‎ —Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.‎ ‎ A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken ‎1. 不可数名词的用法：‎ ‎1.不可数名词不能和a/an连用；‎ ‎2.不能直接用数字表数量 ‎3. 不可数名词没有复数形式，所以后面不能加-s/-es ‎ ‎4. 不可数名词作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎　Knowledge ________ (be) power．知识就是力量 广东梅州】—I’m very thirsty now. —Would you like some ______? ‎ ‎ A. tea B. fish C. noodles D. potatoes ‎ 山东济南】Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy ‎ ‎ ______.‎ ‎ A. food B. water C. pear D. Carrot 湖北随州1】 —Mum, I am hungry. May I have some ______?‎ ‎ —Of course. But don't eat too much.‎ ‎ A. bread B. noodle C. dumpling D. Hamburger 龙东地区】Mum, it’s so hot. Could I have some ________?‎ ‎ A. hamburgers B. bread C. ice-cream ‎2.不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式：‎ ‎(1)用much, a little , a lot of/ lots of. some , any 等表示多少 ‎ I don’t want any advice, I want some information ‎(2)不可数名词没有复数形式，在表达它的量时， 常用容器或质量的计算单位来表示，即：‎ ‎ “数词+ 量词+ of +不可数名词”。‎ ‎ 若数词大于1时， 只需要把不可数名词前面的量词变为复数。‎ a cup of… 一杯 two cups of … 两杯…‎ ‎ a teaspoon of… 一茶匙 three teaspoons of … 三茶匙…‎ ‎ a slice of … 一片… four slices of … 四片…‎ ‎ a kilo of … 一公斤… five kilos of … 五公斤…‎ ‎ a piece of ...一片.... six pieces of...六片/张...‎ ‎ a bottle of... 一瓶... seven bottles of... 七瓶... ‎ ‎ a glass of ...一玻璃... eight glasses of... 八玻璃杯... ‎ 清远】I'm so hungry. Please give me ______ to eat ‎ A. three bread B three pieces of bread ‎ C. three pieces of breads D three piece of bread ‎【湖北黄冈3】—What would you like to drink, girls? —_____ please.‎ ‎ A. Two glass of water B. Two glass of waters ‎ C. Two cups of tea D. Two cups of teas 四川遂宁】22. I’m so hungry. Please give me_____ to eat.‎ ‎ A. three bread B. three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads 3. 修饰不可数名词的修饰词有：‎ ‎ this ,that,little , a little ,a bit of , some, any,much, how much, too much, a great deal of, ‎ ‎【2014黔西南州3】Could you please get me some _______? I’m hungry. ‎ ‎ A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg ‎ ‎4.pair 的用法：‎ ‎ pair 主要用来指由两者组成的“一双”或“一对”，‎ ‎ 或由两半合成的“一条”、“一副”“一把” ‎ a pair of shoes____________ a pair of glasses ____________ a pair of trousers ____________‎ a pair of gloves____________a pair of shorts ____________ a pair of socks____________‎ ‎“a pair of +名词” 构成的名词短语做主语时， 谓语动词的数要与pair 的数保持一致。‎ This pair of glasses ________(be) very cheap.‎ These pairs of shorts ___________(be) very expensive.‎ ‎【湖北黄石】 _____ that pair of _____ a little cheaper ?‎ ‎ A. Is; glass B. Are; glass C. Is; glasses D. Are; glasses III.名词所有格 名词所有格表示所属关系，分为 -’s所有格和of所有格两种形式。‎ 1. ‎’s 所有格的构成和用法：‎ 表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格,一般在名词后加’s ‎【单数名词所有格】：‎ ‎①一般的名词所有格，直接在后面加-’s ‎ Tom’s bike _______ my father’s car _______ ‎ ‎【贵州安顺3】“____bookcase is this?” “It must be_____.”‎ ‎ A. Who’s ; Tom B. Who’s; Tom’ C. Whose; Tom’s D. Whose; Tom ‎②.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”‎ ‎【黑龙江绥化】 He is ________ father.‎ ‎ A. Jim’s and Lucy’s B. Jim and Lucy’s C. Jim’s and Lucy ‎【四川广安2】—Whose room is this? —It's _____．‎ ‎ A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily’s ‎【广西贺州4】 Look at the man over there. He is _____ uncle.‎ ‎ A. Jim’s and Tim’s B. Jim’s and Tim ‎ ‎ C. Jim and Tim D. Jim and Tim’s ‎③用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”‎ 山东威海2】____ fathers can’t go to the class meeting because they have gone to ‎ ‎ business.‎ A. Jack and Mike’s B. Jack’s and Mike’s C. Jack and Mike D. Jack’s and Mike ‎④ 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称的所有格时，常在名词后加 ’s 代表全称。‎ ‎ at the doctor’s ________________ at the Bob’s _______________‎ ‎⑤不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。‎ ‎ This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil .‎ ‎⑥.表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格。‎ ‎ an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital ‎ 山东潍坊2】— How far is your home from school?‎ ‎ —It’s about two__________ walk.‎ ‎ A. hours B. hours’ C. hour’s D. hour ‎【甘肃白银4】— How ______ is it from Xi’an to Dunhuang?‎ ‎ —It’s less than 3 _______ flight.‎ ‎ A. long; hour’s B. far; hour’s C. long; hours’ D. far; hours’‎ 湖北随州3】—How far is your cousin's home from here?‎ ‎ —It's about two_______ ride.‎ ‎ A.hour's B. hours C. hours' D. Hour 鄂州4】—It’s convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built ‎ ‎ green railway.‎ ‎ —Yes. It’s said that _______ is enough.‎ ‎ A. fifteen minutes drive B. fifteen-minutes drive ‎ C. fifteen minute’s drive D. fifteen minutes’ drive ‎【复数名词所有格】：‎ ‎1.以s结尾的复数名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”‎ ‎ Teachers’ Day _______________ the students’ classroom _______________ ‎ ‎【长沙】—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?‎ ‎ —No, it’s my ______. He left it there just now.‎ ‎ A. brother B. brother’s C. brothers’‎ ‎2. 不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”‎ ‎ Children’s Day _______________ Women’s Day _______________‎ ‎【广东湛江】—What's the date today? —It's March 8th, ________ Day.‎ ‎ A. Woman B.Women C.Woman's D.Women's 盐城4】The online shop sells _______clothing at a very good price.‎ ‎ A. child and man’s B. children and men’s ‎ C. Children’s and men D. Children’s and men’s ‎2.of 所有格：‎ 表示无生命的事物的名词所有格，用 “ of +名词”来表示 ‎ the map of China _______________ the door of the room _______________‎ ‎3.双重所有格：‎ ①of + 名词所有格 a photo of Mary’s 玛丽的一张照片（指照片属于玛丽）‎ ②of + 名词性的物住代词 a photos of Mary 一张玛丽的照片（指照片上的人是玛丽）‎ ‎ He is a friend of my _________(brother ) . Is she a daughter of __________(you)?‎ ‎【2014龙东地区1】 Miss Black is a friend of ________, she always looks after my sister.‎ ‎ A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother’ C. Mary mother’s IV.名词的语法作用 ‎1.名词作主语 ①.表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there .‎ ②量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。‎ ‎ A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed . ‎ ‎ Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk .‎ ③名词+介词（with、except 、along with …）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。‎ ‎ The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill .‎ ④短语“neither…nor…/either…or…/not only…but also …”连接两个词做主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。‎ ‎【福州】 —Tim,how do your parents like popular pop music ?‎ ‎ —____my dad ______my mom likes it . They both prefer classical music .‎ ‎ A. Either…or B. Neither …or C. Not only …but also ‎ ‎【恩施3】 ___ Lily___ Lucy likes singing, but they are good at dancing.‎ ‎ A. Both; and B. Not only; but also C. Neither; nor ⑤学科名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 ‎ Maths________(be) my favorite subject.‎ ‎2.名词作定语：‎ ①.名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。 apple tree book shop ‎ ‎【四川凉山3】 —I feel very thirsty and hungry after a long walk. ‎ ‎ —Would you like some and _____? ‎ ‎ A. apple juice; sandwiches B. apples juice; sandwiches C. apple juice; sandwiches ‎【浙江温州4】— Where does your uncle work, Jack?‎ ‎ — In a _____ in Paris. He is a policeman.‎ ‎ A. TV station B. bookstore C. post office D. police station ‎【山西2】— Mum, there’s something wrong with my _____. Could you wake me up ‎ tomorrow morning? ‎ ‎ — No problem, dear. ‎ ‎ A. pencil case B. alarm clock C. tennis racket ‎ ‎【广东深圳3】—What are the ________ doing there?‎ ‎ —They are busy ________ their science experiment.‎ ‎ A．boys students; to do B．boy students; to do ‎ C．boys students; doing D．boy students; doing 达州3】—After P.E., I often feel very thirsty.‎ ‎ —Why not buy some _______ to drink?‎ ‎ A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas ②.名词作定语时，sport用复数形式 ‎ sports meeting _______________ sports shoes _______________ .‎ ③.man/woman 作定语修饰名词时，man、woman的单复数与后面的名词单复数保持一致。‎ ‎ one man teacher _______________ two women teachers _______________‎ 安顺】There are fifty _____ in our school. They are all friendly to us.‎ ‎ A. woman teachers B. women teacher ‎ C. woman teacher D. women teachers 龙东地区1】Wang Yaping and Liu Yang are our ___ in China. ‎ ‎ We’re proud____ them.‎ ‎ A. women astronauts; of B. woman astronauts; of C. women astronauts; in ‎【黔西南州3】__ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ‎ ‎ ___ teachers. ‎ ‎ A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman ‎ ‎ C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman ④. “数词+名词（+形容词）”做定语时，名词用单数 ‎ an eight-year-old boy ‎ ‎【2013黑龙江绥化】 She is a________ girl with two big eyes.‎ ‎ A. six-years-old B. six-year-old C. six years old ‎【甘肃兰州】32. In this exam, you’re asked to write a composition of about ______.‎ A. 90-words B. 90-word C. 90 words D. 90 word’s ‎【贵州安顺2】Kate is _____ girl. She’s very happy at school.‎ ‎ A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-year-old ‎ C. an eighteen-years-old D. a eighteen-years-old V. 3组名词近义词辨析：‎ ‎1.sound /voice/noise ‎(1)sound 指耳朵能听到的各种声音。‎ ‎(2)voice 主要指人的嗓音和说话声音。‎ ‎(3)noise 指噪音 ‎【湖北黄冈3】—Someone called you just now.‎ ‎ —I know. But I was busy at that moment. When I called back, there was no ____.‎ ‎ A. voice B. sound C. answer D. result ‎【】The boy didn’t sleep well last night because of the ___ from the factory.‎ ‎ A. voice B. noise C. music D. song ‎2. family/ home/ house/room ‎(1)home 指家，包括住处和家人。带有感情色彩 ‎(2)house 指房子、住宅。强调建筑物 ‎(3)family 指家庭或家庭成员.强调“家庭 ‎(4)room指“房间”‎ ‎【】Hangzhou is ___ to hundreds of foreign friends who are working and ‎ ‎ studying here.‎ ‎ A. home B. house C. family D. Room ‎【河南4】He was born in Italy, but he has made China his______‎ ‎ A. family B. address C. house D. home ‎【浙江宁波3】—Oh, dear! There isn't, enough___________for us in the lift.‎ ‎ —No hurry. Let's wait for the next.‎ ‎ A. floor B. scat C. room D. ground ‎3.information /news/ message辨析 ‎(1)information “消息，信息”(不可数名词)一般指信息；消息；情报；资讯 ‎ a piece of information 一条信息 ‎【甘肃白银2】Just search the internet, you can get almost all the ______ you need.‎ ‎ A. informations B. information C. picture D. story 上海3】The students didn’t find much ________ about the topic on that website.‎ ‎ A. report B. article C. information D. story ‎【四川内江】 You can find many ___about the famous film star on the Internet.‎ ‎ A. news B. pictures C. tickets D. information ‎（2）news 不可数名词，一般指新闻、消息 a piece of news 一则新闻 ‎【江苏扬州】8. - What a good ________ you've given me! Thanks a lot.‎ ‎ - My pleasure.‎ ‎ A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice ‎(3)message可数名词，一般指（书面或口头的）信息、消息、音信。‎ ‎ leave a message 留下消息take a message （打电话时用）传个话，留口信 give sb. a message 给某人捎口信=take a message for sb 云南中考】 My friends sent me many short ____ with best wishes for my birthday. ‎ ‎ A. news B. information C. messages D. suggestions ‎·湖北武汉】If by any chance Peter comes to us ,please ask him to leave a _____.‎ ‎　　 A. letter B. sentence C. message D. notice 江苏扬州1】 If I am wanted in the telephone, ask him to leave a _______．‎ ‎ A. message B. letter C. diary D. sentence 呼 和 浩 特】13．When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _______.‎ ‎ A．notice B．message C．sentence D．information ‎【中考专题训练】‎ ‎【杭州2】I am tried. This is not the right ____ to ask me to go for a walk.‎ ‎ A. moment B. chance C. place D. season ‎【宜宾3】In this test, we’re asked to write a passage of about ______.‎ ‎ A. 80-words B. 80-word C. 80 words D. 80 words’‎ ‎【呼和浩特1】—How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？‎ ‎ —It is a _______ flight from Tianjin to Changsha.‎ ‎ A. 2-hour-long B. 2-hours-long C. 2 hours’ long D. 2 hour long ‎【呼和浩特2】When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _______.‎ ‎ A. notice B. message C. sentence D. information ‎【东营4】—When is _______ Day? —It’s on June 1st, Dave.‎ ‎ A. Child B. Children C. Child’s D. Children’s ‎【苏州2】The park is far away from here indeed it’s about _______ walk ‎ A. Three hour B. a three hour’s C. a three-hours D. a three-hour ‎【广州1】Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ______.‎ ‎ A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice ‎【白银2】Mr. Black is a teacher of ____. She and her classmates like him very much.‎ ‎ A. my sister B. my sister’s C. my sisters D. my sisters’‎ ‎【重庆C4】—Lily, could you please pass me the ______? I want to cut the apple.       —Sure, here you are. A. pen           B. pencil    C. book     D. knife ‎【台州2】—The picnic is only in three days. Have you made any _______?‎ ‎ —Not yet. So let’s discuss what to prepare. ‎ ‎ A. wishes B. plans C. mistakes D. friends ‎【菏泽1】My teacher gave me much ___ on how to study English well when I had some ‎ ‎ trouble.‎ ‎ A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem 代词知识 一、中考要求：‎ ‎　　代词的中考要求是：人称代词的用法；反身代词的用法；物主代词的用法和不定代词的用法。其中人称代词的主格和宾格，介词＋反身代词，不定代词和形容词的位置关系是中考的重点。‎ 二、知识要点：‎ ‎1. 人称代词 ‎　　人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等的词，有人称、数和格的变化。‎ ‎ ‎ 单数 复数 ‎ 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he, she, it him, her, it they them ‎　　人称代词的用法：‎ ‎　　（1）作主语（用主格）‎ ‎　　　　 We all like maths very much. 我们都很喜欢数学。‎ ‎　　（2）作宾语（用宾格）‎ ‎　　　　 Would you mind giving her a hand? 你能帮帮她吗？‎ ‎　　　　 I’m very pleased with it. 我对它很满意。‎ ‎　　（3）作表语（用主格，口语常用宾格）‎ ‎　　　　 Open the door, please. It’s me. 请打开门，是我。‎ ‎　　注意：‎ ‎　　两个或者两个以上的人称代词并列的时候，单数形式排列一般是：第二人称在前面，第三人称在中间，第一人称在后面。例如：You, he and I are all your father’s students. 复数形式的排列一般是：第一人称在前面，第二人称在中间，第三人称在后面。例如：We, you and they all go swimming after school. 如果表示承担错误和责任，一般把I最前面。‎ ‎2. 物主代词 ‎　　物主代词表示所有关系，它可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种形式。‎ ‎ ‎ 单 数 复 数 ‎ 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性 物主代词 my your his, her, its our your their 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs ‎　　 ‎ 名词性物主代词可以在句子中作主语、表语和宾语，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。例如：‎ ‎　　This isn’t my coat. Mine (=my coat) has been put in the classroom. ‎ ‎　　这不是我的大衣，我的（大衣）已经放在教室里了。‎ ‎　　A student of his (= his students) has gone to America. 他的一个学生去美国了。‎ ‎　　形容词性物主代词在句子中作定语，后面接名词。例如：‎ ‎　　This is my book. 这是我的书。‎ ‎3. 反身代词 ‎　　表示“某人自己”的代词，叫反身代词，也叫自身代词。反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语和同位语，我们需要注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。‎ ‎　　反身代词的构成是：第一人称和第二人称是“物主代词＋-self/selves”，第三人称是“宾格代词＋-self/selves”；单数形式是加-self，复数形式是加-selves。‎ ‎　　重点记忆下面的短语：‎ ‎　　by＋oneself　 某人独自　　 enjoy oneself＝have a good time 玩得开心 ‎　　teach oneself 自学 　　 　 help oneself to… 随便吃、喝……‎ ‎　　例如：Help ______ to some fish, children! 　孩子们，随便吃点鱼吧。‎ ‎　　本空用反身代词的复数形式yourselves和动词help表示“请随便吃点鱼”的意思。这里的yourselves指代孩子们自己，所以用复数形式。‎ ‎　　注意：反身代词没有所有格形式，但是可以用形容词性物主代词+own表示所有格含义。‎ ‎　　Please retell the story, using your own words. 请用自己的话来复述这个故事。‎ ‎4.不定代词 ‎　　不定代词有： some (something，somebody，someone)，any (anything，anybody，anyone)， no (nothing，nobody，no one)， every (everything，everybody，everyone)，all，each，both，much，many，(a) little，(a) few，other(s)，another，none，one，either， neither等。‎ ‎　　几个重要的不定代词的用法：‎ ‎　　（1）a few, a little, few, little ‎　　few和a few经常用来修饰或者代替可数名词；a little和little经常用来修饰或者代替不可数名词。a few和a little的意思是“有一点、有几个”，表示肯定的意义；few和little的意思是“很少、几乎没有”，表示否定的意义。例如：‎ ‎　　We have_____friends here. 我们在这里有几个朋友。‎ ‎　　There is _____ater in my glass. Just have some, please. ‎ ‎　　我的杯子里有一点水。请喝点吧。‎ ‎　　My father has_____ friends in the factory. 我的爸爸在这家工厂里几乎没有朋友。‎ ‎　　There is _____ time left. We must hurry up. 几乎没有时间了，我们必须快点。‎ ‎（2）one，it，this，that ‎　　one可以泛指任何人和事物，可以用在形容词和指示代词this和that的后面代替上文提到的可数名词，它的复数形式是ones。例如：‎ ‎　　－There are a lot of socks in the shop. What color do you want? ‎ ‎　　　商店有许多袜子，你要什么颜色的？‎ ‎　　－I want the red _____. 我要红色的。‎ ‎　　it是指上文提到的或者下文将要提到的人、事物和情况。例如：‎ ‎　　－Who is speaking out of the door? 谁在门外面说话？‎ ‎　　－I don’t know. ____may be your father. 我不知道。可能是你的爸爸。‎ ‎　this和that是指示代词，this一般用来指时间和空间上比较近的人或者事物。例如：‎ ‎　　This is my father. 这是我的爸爸。‎ ‎　　that一般用来指时间和空间上比较远的人或者事物。例如：‎ ‎　　What’s that over there? 那是什么？‎ ‎　　（3）the other，others，the others，another ‎　　others 表示泛指其他的人或者事物（但不一定是剩下的全部）。例如：‎ ‎　　Some boys are cleaning the door, some are sweeping the floor, and ____ are playing outside.‎ ‎　　一些男孩在擦门，一些男孩在扫地，其他的在外面玩。‎ ‎　　the others是表示在特定范围内的其他的人或者事物，它表示剩下的其他全部。例如：Five students in my class are girls, ____ are all boys. ‎ ‎　　我们班有5个学生是女生，其他的全部是男生。‎ another是指三个或者三个以上的范围中的“另一个”、“再/又一个”，修饰单数名词，如果与复数名词连用的时候，复数名词的前面必须有基数词，意思是“另外的”。例如：‎ ‎　　This shirt is too big; I’ll try ____. 这件衬衫太大了；我试件别的。　　‎ ‎　　I want to have another two apples. 我想再要两个苹果。‎ ‎　the other是指两个中的另一个人或者事物，经常和one连用，构成one… the other结构，表示“（两个中）一个……， 另一个…… ”。例如：‎ ‎　　He took a book in one hand, and a bag in ____‎ ‎　　　他一只手拿着一本书，另一只手拿着一个包。 ‎ ‎（4）something, anything, nothing，everything ‎　　something的意思是“某些事物”，主要用于肯定句中；有时也用于疑问句中表示请求。例如：‎ ‎　　The teacher wants to tell you something about the exam. ‎ ‎　　　老师想要告诉你一些关于考试的事情。‎ ‎　　Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗？ ‎ ‎　　everything的意思是“每件事物”，主要用于肯定句中，在否定句中表示部分否定。例如：‎ ‎　　Your teacher has already told me everything about your family.‎ ‎　　你的老师把你家庭的一切事情都告诉了我。‎ ‎　　I don’t know everything about him. 我并不知道他的每一件事。‎ ‎　　anything的意思是“任何事物”，主要用在否定句和疑问句中。例如：‎ ‎　　Do you have anything to do tonight? 你今天晚上有什么事情要做吗？‎ ‎　　Our teacher didn’t say anything at the meeting. 我们的老师在会议上什么也没有说。‎ ‎　　nothing的意思是“没有任何事物”，是表示否定意义的不定代词。例如：‎ ‎　　I did nothing for your exam. 对你的考试我什么事情也没有做。‎ 注意：形容词修饰something, anything, everything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面。‎ ‎　　I have something important to deal with. 我有重要的事要处理。‎ ‎　　（5）all，both，either，neither，none ‎　　all表示三者或者三者以上都如何。它的否定词是none，意思为“没有一个”。例如：‎ ‎　　We'll all come here to help you. 我们大家都会来帮助你。‎ ‎　　None of us can answer his question. 我们中没有一个人能回答他的问题。‎ ‎　　both是表示两者之间的人或者事物都如何。它的否定词是neither。例如：‎ ‎　　Both of my parents are farmers. 我的父母都是农民。‎ ‎　　Neither of us are your teachers. 我们两个都不是你的老师。‎ ‎　　Either意思为“两者之间的任何一个”。例如：‎ ‎　　I have two tickets. Either you or your brother can go with me. ‎ ‎　　我有两张票，你或者你的弟弟可以和我一起去。‎ ‎　　（6）many，much ‎　　这两个单词是同义词，都表示“许多”的意思。many的后面用可数名词的复数形式；much用来修饰不可数名词。例如：‎ ‎　　They have many friends in our school. 他们在我们的学校有很多朋友。‎ ‎　　My sister has much homework to do tonight. 我妹妹今天晚上有许多家庭作业要做。‎ 三、易错点点拨：‎ ‎1. 代词的主格和宾格混淆。‎ ‎　　Look! These red apples are all for he. 　看，这些红苹果都是给他的。‎ ‎　　〔解析〕代词he在介词for的后面作宾语，应用代词的宾格形式。he的宾格形式是him，所以把he改为him。‎ ‎2. 形容词性和名词性物主代词的用法混淆。‎ ‎　　The big yellow pears belong to me; the rest small ones are his and her.‎ ‎　　这些大黄梨是我的，其余小的是他和她的。‎ ‎　　〔解析〕本题是考查名词性物主代词的用法，his既可以是形容词性物主代词，也可以是名词性物主代词。而her是形容词性物主代词，要和名词连用。所以应该用名词性物主代词是hers。所以把her改为hers。‎ ‎3. 反身代词和人称代词相混淆。‎ ‎　　Who taught your sister English? Nobody. She learned it all by her.‎ ‎　　〔解析〕从句子的意思理解，介词by后应该用反身代词表示“某人自己独自做某事”的意思。所以把her改为herself。‎ ‎4. 反身代词人称和数与它所指的名词或代词不一致。‎ ‎　　Boys and girls! Enjoy yourself!　 孩子们，祝你们玩得愉快！‎ ‎　　〔解析〕enjoy oneself意思是“玩得愉快”，但boys and girls是复数形式，所以后面的反身代词要用复数形式。所以应该把yourself改为yourselves。‎ ‎5. 一些不定代词的用法相混淆。‎ ‎　　（1）Don’t worry! There is wrong nothing with your father.　 别担心，你父亲没什么事。‎ ‎　　〔解析〕形容词修饰不定代词nothing等时，形容词要放在不定代词的后面。所以把wrong nothing改为nothing wrong。‎ ‎　　（2）The boy made all his hands dirty. 这个男孩两只手都弄脏了。‎ ‎　　〔解析〕all 用于三者或三者以上都……，此处应该用both代替all。‎