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非谓语动词
构成:(to)+动词原形
动词不定式
非 在句中的作用(除谓语动词外的任何成分)
谓 构成:V.-ing
语 动名词
动 用法(主、宾、表、定)
词
构成:V. -ing / V.-ed(规则变化)
分词
用法(表、补、定、状)
(一)动名词
一、动名词的构成:动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成
二、动名词的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
Eating too much is bad for your health.
吃得太多对你的健康有害。
谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语 动词宾语
介词宾语
I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。
Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.
=Collecting stamps is his hobby.
多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化成作主语。
定语
She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。
We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。
注意:英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。
我们初中阶段常见的有:finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem(in), spend...(in), feel like, be used to(习惯于), give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)
(二)动词不定式
一、 动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
二、 动词不定式的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。
作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。
表语
My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。
宾语
—What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动?
—He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。
只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
My mother made me play the piano all the time.
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。
定语
Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗?
不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'm sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
I went to the library to study English.(表目的)
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1. 不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为:It+be+adj.(+ for/ of sb.)+动词不定式
如:To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如:
It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。
2. 不定式作宾语
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:
would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如:
Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗?
② 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如:
I find it easy to read English every day.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better(not)do..., would rather do,
could/would/will you please(not)do...
I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。
1. 不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。
tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:
一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,必须加上to。如:
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
2. 不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。
3. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。如:
The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。
实战演练(一)
1. I’m thirsty. Will you get me something ____?
A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating
2. It was great fun _____ a picnic on the hill.
A. to have B. of having C. have D. had
3. It’s bad for your eyes ____ computer games for a long time.
A. plays B. to play C. play D. played
4. ----Do you often hear John ____ in his room?
----Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him ____ in his room.
A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing
5. Why not ____?
A. let him to go home B. to let him go home
C. let him go home D. to let him to go home
6. They were made ____ fourteen hours a day.
A. work B. working C. worked D. to work
7. Is it always easier ____ friends than to keep them?
A. making B. make C. to make D. made
8. It ____ Jack twenty minutes ____ the math problem yesterday.
A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out
C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out
9. When you leave, don’t forget ____ off the light.
A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned
10. Who do you think you’d like ____?
A. to make friends B. make friends
C. to make friends with D. make friends with
11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries ____ it too often.
A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat
12. ----Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?
----This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework ____ this Sunday.
A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done
13. Sally had no pen ____ yesterday morning.
A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with
14. John asked David how ____ Christmas.
A. celebrating B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebrate
15. We all considered Mr Zhao ____ teacher.
A. be the best B. to be the best C. being best D. being the best
16. It’s very kind ____ you to ____ me ____ the heavy bag.
A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry
17. Have you decided ____?
A. to go with whom B. whom to go with
C. whom go with D. with whom to go
18. Her hope ____ a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. to win B. is to win C. winning D. will win
19. The meeting room is big enough ____ one hundred people.
A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds
20. Would you please pass me the knife ____?
A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelon
C. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with
21. It is better to teach a man to fish than ____ him fish.
A. giving B. to give C. gives D. gave
22. The policeman warned the young man____ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive
23. What do you think is the best way ____the wild animals?
A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. protect
24. I’d rather ____ on the land ____ in a factory.
A. work; than work B. work; work
C. to work; than to work D. to work; to work
25. My grandfather is used ____ a hat in winter.
A. to wear B. for wearing C. wearing D. to wearing
26. I’m sorry ____ you enough help.
A. have given B. of not giving C. not to have given D. to have given
27. Some students from Grade 9 ____ do some ____ for the old.
A. volunteered to; clean B. volunteered; cleaning
C. volunteered to; cleaning D. volunteered; clean
28. The young man was often seen ____ by the lake.
A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew
29. Tom is ____ to make a living by himself.
A. very old B. too young C. too big D. too strong
30. I find ____ him all about it.
A. necessary to tell B. that necessary to
C. necessary it to tell D. it necessary to tell
31. The old man seems ____ in a great hurry.
A. be B. to be C. being D. to being
32. I ____ the same neighborhood with the lovely girl.
A. happened living in B. happened to live in
C. was happening living in D. was happening to live
33. It’s time for supper now. Let’s ______ it.
A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having
34. You are not expected ____ such long hours.
A. to work B. working C. worked D. work
35. His father agreed ____ $ 4,000 for the car.
A. with paying B. to paying C. to pay D. on paying
36. The man pretended ____ when we saw him.
A. to be eaten B. eating C. being eating D. to be eating
37. He doesn’t know _____.
A. when to do B. what to do C. how to do D. where to do
38. Today we use machines _____ us do most of our work.
A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped
39. She preferred me _____ there.
A. to stay B. would stay C. I stay D. stay
40. We’re going to help _____ the trees.
A. watered B. watering C. to watering D. water
实战演练(二)
1.No one enjoys _____ at.
A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed
2.You must do something to prevent your house__________ .
A. to be broken in B. from being broken in C. to break in D. from breaking in
3.They insisted on _________another chance to try.
A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given
4.—Where is my passport? I remember________ it here.
—You shouldn't have left it here. Remember____________ it with you all the time.
A. to put;to take B. putting;taking C. putting;to take D. to put;taking
5.His room needs _______ , so he must have it_________.
A. painting; painted B. painted; painting
C. painting; painting D. painted; painted
6.The young trees we planted last week require ________with great care.
A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked after D .taken good care of
7. A policeman saw two thieves ____ a girl’s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once.
A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen
8.She returned home only to find the door open and something _________ .
A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed
9.She decided to devote herself ______the problem of old age.
A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study
10.It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________ my car.
A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired
11.It's no good ________ over split milk.
A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry
12. Have you forgotten ___________$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow?
A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring
C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing ; bringing
13. The classroom wants __________.
A. clean B. cleaned C .to clean D. cleaning
14. Jack said that he wouldn't mind ___________ for us.
A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited
15. My brother keeps _________ me with my work.
A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped
16.We should often practise _________ English with each other.
A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking
17.Keep on _________ and you will succeed.
A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying
18.His parents insist on ____________ to college.
A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go
19.The story was so funny that we ___________.
A. couldn't help laugh B. can't but laugh
C. couldn't help laughing D. couldn't help but to laugh
20.What about _________ to the concert with us ?
A. we go B. we going C. going D. to go
21.__________ clean is a safeguard against disease.
A. To be keeping B. Kept C. Keep D. Keeping
22.Seeing is _________.
A. to believe B. believing C. believed D. being believed
23.The scientist suggested ____ the experiment in a different way.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
24.Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him.
A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning
25.Only one of these books is _____.
A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of reading D. worth reading
26.We are both looking forward to _____ next week.
A. going on vacation B. go on vacation
C. be going on vacation D. have gone on vacation
27.He had no difficulty _____ the problems.
A. working out B. having worked out C. to have worked out D. to work out
28.I regretted _____ that to her.
A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. /
29. The secretary worked late into the night , ________ a long speech for the president .
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
30. Don’t have the machine ________ all the time . It will go wrong .
A. to run B. running C. been run D. run
31. The food was delicious . That was a __________ meal .
A. satisfying B. satisfied C. satisfaction D. satisfy
32. Look around when __________ the street .
A. across B. crossing C. crossed D. to be crossing
33. In the morning she found her father _____________ in bed , dead .
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
34. I saw him ________ into your room when you were not in.
A. gone B. going C. went D. to go
35. Please keep quiet. Father is busy ________.
A. work B. to work C. working D. works
36. Sally had no pen ____ yesterday morning.
A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with
37. It’s time for class. Stop _________, please.
A. to talk B. talk C. talks D. talking
38. You should work tonight instead of ________ TV.
A. to watch B. watching C. to watching D. watched
39. Listen! Can you hear the girl _________ the piano in the next room?
A. to play B. play C. playing D. plays
40. Mr. Wang came into the office without _________ the door.
A. knock B. knocking at C. to knock at D. knocking to
实战演练(三)
1. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
2. You can’t have the horse ______ all the way. It’s too hot.
A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running
3. When I came back, I found the house ______ and everything _____.
A. was broken; took away B. broken into; taken away
C. had been broken; taken D. break into; take away
4. The house they _____ in the floods must be rebuilt before winter comes.
A. had washed away B. had to wash away
C. had them washed away D. had washed them away
5. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ____ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my color TV set ____when I got home.
A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing
6 –Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?
--Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English.
A. sing; singing B. sung; sung C. sung; singing D. singing; sung
7. The money collected should be made good use _____ the people in South Asia who suffered a lot in the killer earthquake and tsunami.
A. of help B. to help C. to helping D. of to help
8. When I came home last night, I saw my little kid _____ on the bed, with his whole attention ______ upon the book about Harry Porter.
A. lying; fixing B. lay; fixed C. sitting; to fix D. seated; fixed
9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____.
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
10. On my way home; I saw a thief _____ money from a lady by the police.
A. being caught B. having caught C. caught stealing D. have caught to stealing
11. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
12. The result of the entrance exams was not made _______ to the public until last Thursday.
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known
13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
14. He'd like to get it ______ today while they are at it.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
15. I've had my radio _____ so soon because my father had me _____ it.
A. repair; done B. repaired; do C repairing; do D. repaired; done
16.China is a_____________ country.
A. developed B. developing C. to develop D. develops
17. __________ a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
A. to wear B. worn C. wear D. wearing
18.The story is ____________________.
A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. to interest
19. Damin sits on the side of the river, __________ the meal for himself.
A. cooked B. cooks C. to cook D. cooking
20.The entertainment building ___________ will be completed next year.
A. being built B. built C. be built D. to build
实战演练(一)
1—5 BABCC 6---10 DCAAC 11---15 DABBB 16---20 DBBCA
21—25 BABAD 26---30 CCABD 31—35 BBAAC 36—40 DBAAD
实战演练(二)
1- 5CBCC A 6-10 A BC C A 11-15B A DC C 16-20D DCC C
21-25. D BCBD 26-30 A A A BB 31-36. A B A B C 36-40. DDBCB
实战演练(三)
1-10 BCBAADDDA C 11-20 CBCA B BDCDA