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中考英语主谓一致讲解及练习教师版可以直接打印有答案

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初中英语:主谓一致及其练习 ‎ 一、主谓一致三原则   主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。   Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。   They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。  2. 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这时谓语动词用单数形式。   My family are having lunch now.   我们一家人现在正吃午饭。   Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.   这本书20美元太贵了。   3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。例如:   Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.   不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。   There is a pen and some books on the desk.   课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、 主谓一致常考题型 ‎ 1. 单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。例如: The desk is Tom’s.  这张桌子是汤姆的。 ‎ ‎  Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 ‎ ‎  The students are playing football on the playground.  这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 ‎ ‎ 2. many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。例如: ‎ ‎  Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 ‎ ‎ 3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。例如: ‎ ‎  More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 ‎ ‎ 4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如: ‎ ‎  Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 ‎ ‎  Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 ‎ ‎  Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 ‎ ‎  Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 ‎ ‎ 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。例如: ‎ ‎  Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 ‎ ‎  Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 ‎ ‎ 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: ‎ ‎  One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 ‎ ‎ 7. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: ‎ ‎  To see is to believe  眼见为实。 ‎ ‎  Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 ‎ ‎ 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如: ‎ ‎  A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 ‎ ‎ 9. 主语为某些词组,如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词,谓语用单数。如:One of my favorite sports is basketball.‎ ‎12.somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数,例如: ‎ ‎  Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗? ‎ ‎  Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 ‎ ‎  Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 ‎ ‎ 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如: ‎ ‎  Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 ‎ ‎  Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。 ‎ ‎ 14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics等,例如: ‎ ‎  No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 ‎ ‎  Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 ‎ ‎ 11. people, police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。例如: ‎ ‎  The police are waiting for the boy. ‎ People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 ‎ ‎  His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。 ‎ ‎  My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。‎ ‎ 15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;‎ ‎ Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。‎ ‎16 “定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时,谓语一般用复数。‎ ‎ The Smiths are having dinner.‎ ‎ 16. a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如: ‎ ‎  A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。 ‎ ‎  The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。 ‎ ‎ 17. 当kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语与kind, pair, glass 等一致。例如: ‎ ‎  This pair of shoes is Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。 ‎ ‎  There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。 ‎ ‎ 18. the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。例如: ‎ ‎  The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.穷人很快乐,富人却过得不快乐。 ‎ ‎  The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 ‎ ‎ 19. 以here,there开关的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如: ‎ ‎  There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书,三只钢笔。 ‎ ‎  Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。 ‎ ‎ 20 or, either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如: ‎ ‎  Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。 ‎ ‎  Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。 ‎ ‎21 当主语部分含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。例如: ‎ ‎  Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 ‎ ‎  Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 ‎ ‎22 “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词取决于名词的数;若是不可数名词,用单数;若名词是复数,则用复数 ‎23. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。例如: The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) ‎ ‎  The writer and the teacher are coming.  作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) ‎ ‎24 none 如果指量,动词用单数。若用来指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数,none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。‎ ‎25 all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of+名词作主语,谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。Most of his time is spent on study.‎ 26. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。  More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。‎ 二. 实战演练 Part 1.‎ ‎  ( ) 1. -Have you got some water to drink?‎ ‎  -Here you are. There___ still some in the bottle.‎ ‎  A. are B. were C. is D. was ‎ ‎  ( ) 2 ._____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?‎ ‎  A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were ‎  ( ) 3. There ____ a great many accidents last year.‎ ‎  A. were B. are C. is D. was ‎  ( ) 4 .-How many children ____ in the picture?‎ ‎  -Three.‎ ‎  A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there ‎  Part 2‎ ‎  ( ) 1. In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.‎ ‎  A. were B. has been C. / D. was ‎  ( ) 2. Most of our earth____ covered by water.‎ ‎  A. are B. is C. was D. were ‎  ( ) 3. Sunday ____ the first day of the week.‎ ‎  A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎  ( ) 4.Neither___right.‎ ‎  A. answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't ‎  Part 3‎ ‎  ( ) 1. The population of the world ____ still ____ now.‎ ‎  A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown ‎  ( ) 2.There ____ many people running in the park every morning.‎ ‎  A. is B. were C. are D. have ‎  ( ) 3. These police often___the children across the street.‎ ‎  A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping ‎  Part 4‎ ‎  ( ) 1. ___ going to England by air next week.‎ ‎  A. The Green family are B. The Greens family are ‎  C. The Green's family are D. Green family are ‎  ( ) 2.The whole family ____ enjoying the beautiful music now.‎ ‎  A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all ‎  ( ) 3.Our class ___ big.‎ ‎  A. is B. are C. were D. will ‎  Part 5‎ ‎  ( ) 1. Neither he nor I ____ from Canada. We are from Australia.‎ ‎  A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎  ( ) 2. Either you or he ____ right.‎ ‎  A. are B. is C. does D. were ‎  ( ) 3. Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing.‎ ‎  A. is B. are C. is not D. are not ‎  ( ) 4. Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary ____ busy.‎ ‎  A. is B. was C. are D. has ‎  Part 6‎ ‎  ( ) 1. Physics ___ interesting to us.‎ ‎  A. are B. has C. is D. were ‎  ( ) 2. The news____ exciting. We got excited at it.‎ ‎  A. is B. was C. were D. are ‎  ( ) 3. Though mathematics____ hard, we all work at it hard.‎ A. are B. were C. was D. is ‎ 1.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.     A. have       B. has    C. is     D. are   2.Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven't been back.   A. have been     B. have gone    C. has been    D. has gone   3.Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.   A. nor I am   B. nor I are    C. or me are   D. or me is   4.Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.‎ ‎ A. are a number of deer    B. are a number of deers    C. is a number of deer      ‎ ‎   D. is a number of deers   5.The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty.    A. student, is  B. the students, are    C. the students, is  D. students, are   6.The number of the students in our class _____ 54.     A. is       B. are         C. has        D. have   7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another.   A.is       B.are      C.am      D.be   8.A library with five thousand books ____to the nation as a gift.      ‎ ‎    A.is offered    B.has offered     C.are offered     D.have offered   9.When and where to build the new factory _________yet.          A.is not decided         B.are not decided         C.has not decided        ‎ ‎  D.have not decided   10.The number of people invited __fifty, but a number of them ______absent for different reasons.            A.were,was   B.was, was        C.was,were       D.were.were   11.Between the two buildings __________a monument.  A.is standing      B.standing    C.stands        D.stand   12.Many a student ___that mistake before.   A.had made  B.has been made    C.have mad     D. has made   13.None of the money ____his.   A.is     B.are      C.belongs    D.were   14.About three-fifths of the work ________done yesterday.   A.had       B.was       C.were       D.have   15. Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news.Let's tell them.        A.know    B knows       C.knew I. .用所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎ 1. Two thousand miles __________ (be) too far for us to travel over a short vacation. 2. The old in my country __________ (be) cared for by their children and grandchildren. 3. There __________ (be) a pair of trousers on the sofa. ‎ ‎4. Ten divided by two __________ (equal) five. ‎ ‎5. The Chinese people __________ (be) a great people.‎ ‎ 6. Nobody but Tim and Tom __________ (be) in the room. ‎ ‎7. Li Fang like many girls __________ (like) dancing.‎ ‎ 8. Every boy and every girl __________ (want) to go there. ‎ ‎9. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth __________ (be) sea. 10. All of the work __________ (be) finished. ‎ II.选择填空。‎ ‎ 1. The rich ______ not always happy.‎ ‎ A. are           B. is            C. has           D. have ‎ 2. The old woman, together with her two grandsons, ______ crossing the road. A. are             B. is           C. has              D. have ‎ ‎3. This pair of trousers ______ Lucy’s. Your trousers ______ on your bed. ‎ A. is, are         B. is, is          C. are, are         D. are, is ‎ ‎4. Ten kilometers ______ a very long way to go in a day. A. are              ‎ ‎  B. has               C. is                 D. have ‎ 5. Climbing hills ______ better than having classes.‎ ‎ A. are            B. is            C. was          D. have ‎ 6. What he wanted to know ______ why they didn’t tell him. ‎ A. are            B. was          C. were          D .is ‎ ‎7. Either you or he ______ to stay at home this afternoon.‎ ‎ A. has        B. have         C. are               D. is ‎ ‎8. Neither of the twins ______ bread.‎ ‎ A. like          B. likes          C. liked             D. is like ‎ ‎9. Fish and chips ______ my favorite food.‎ ‎ A. is            B. are            C. has            D. become ‎ ‎10. The singer and dancer ______ come to our city.‎ ‎ A. are           B. is             C. have             D. has ‎ 11. Three-fourths of the water ______ gone.‎ ‎ A. is         B. are          C. have      D. were ‎ ‎12. Everybody, men and women, young and old, ______ listening to the radio here.‎ ‎ A. enjoys      B. enjoy       C. is enjoyed     D. are enjoyed ‎ 13. Either Tom or Maria ______ sure to know the answer.‎ ‎ A. are          B. be         C. is           D. were ‎14. Neither you nor he ______ how to answer the question.‎ ‎ A. know           B. knows           C. knowing       D. to know ‎ ‎15. I as well as they ______ ready to help you.‎ ‎ A. am        B. are         C. is            D.  be ‎ ‎16.The number of the students in the class ______ about forty.‎ ‎ A. is           B. are          C. were        D .have ‎ 17. Every hour and every minute ______ important.‎ ‎ A. are        B. be        C. is          D. were ‎ ‎18.Look! The Turner family ______ having supper under the tree in front of their house. A. is         B. are        C. like          D. like ‎ ‎19. Not only the twins but also their father ______ the film.‎ ‎ A. like        B. likes        C. liking         D. is like ‎ 20. He is one of the children who ______ fond of playing football.‎ ‎ A. is           B. was       C. were          D. are ‎ 四、应用性训练。‎ ‎ I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎ 1. Neither the teacher nor the students __________ (have) enough time. ‎ ‎2. Most of the houses __________ (need) painting.‎ ‎ 3. A person who has good friends __________ (enjoy) life more. ‎ ‎4. John, together with his family, __________ (be) flying to London.‎ ‎ 5. Few of my family really __________ (understand) me.‎ ‎ 6.One third of the students_______(be) boys. ‎ ‎7.There______(be) twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 8.Many a students ________(have) this new dictionary.‎ ‎ 9.Every man, woman and child _______(be) asked to contribute.‎ ‎ 10.An old man or mature(成熟) woman_____(be) needed for this job. ‎ II. 选择填空。‎ ‎ 1.  There _______a lot of people at the street corner when the accident happened. ‎ A.   Was   B. were    C. have been   D. had ‎ ‎2.   Neither she nor Dick and I _____interested in maths.‎ ‎ A Is      B. are       C. am     D. be ‎ ‎3.    Fish and chips _____the most popular take-away food in England.‎ ‎ A.   Are      B. is      C. were         D. was ‎ ‎4.   How many students are there in your school ? ---___the students in our school _____over two thousand.‎ ‎ A.  The number of; of    B.The number of ; are C.A number of ; of    D. A number of ;are 5.    All my classmates, except Wu Lin,____ interested in singing English songs. A.   Is      B. am      C.are       D.be ‎ 6.   Neither he nor I ____from Canada. We awe from Australia.‎ ‎ A.     Is      B. was     C.am     D.be ‎ 7.    The teacher told us yesterday that December 25____Christmas Day.‎ ‎ A.   is     B. was    C.has been     D.will be ‎ 8.       He thinks that two moths ____quite a long time.‎ ‎ A.      is    B.are     C. be   D. was ‎ ‎9.       There ___a sports meeting in our school next week.‎ ‎  A.will hold   B. will have   C. is going to be   D. is going to hold ‎ 10. Are the twins on thee team ---No, neither of them_____on the team.  ‎ ‎  A.is   B. Are    C. were   D.be ‎ ‎11.   I’m going to do some shopping this Sunday.---So____. ‎ A.      do   B. will    C. am I   D.I am ‎ 12.   What___ the popular of Canada? Do you think it will_____? ‎ A.      is; become  B. are; become  C. are; grow  D. is; grow ‎ ‎13.   This pair of trousers____.‎ ‎ A.   is mine   B. is my   C. are my   D. are mine ‎ ‎14.   Even a child knows that ____are made of___.‎ ‎ A.   glasses; glass  B.glass; glass C. glasses; glasses D. glass; glasses ‎ 15. The number of pages in this book ____three hundred.‎ ‎ A.   is   B. are  C. has  D.have ‎ ‎16.   The Smiths ____China since the summer of 1993.  ‎ ‎  A. has been to   B. have been to  C. has been in  D. have been in ‎ ‎17.   Not only the parents but also Mary ____ London .They will come back in five days. A.    has been to   B. have been to   C. has gone to   D. have gone to ‎ ‎18.   In our country, the old ___taken good care of and the young___ well educated. ‎ ‎ A.is   B. are     C. has       D. have ‎ 19.   Each man and each woman _____bring some water here.‎ ‎ A.      Has   B. have   C. has to   D. have to ‎ ‎20.   Every one except Tom and John_____ there then.‎ ‎ A.is    B. was    C. are     D.were ‎ ‎  ‎ 主谓一致参考答案:‎ ‎  1. 1 -4 C D A D ‎  2. 1-4 D B A C ‎  3. 1 -3 C C A ‎  4. 1 -3 A D A ‎  5. 1 -4 C B A C ‎  6. 1 -3 C B ‎ 参考答案   1.B.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。   2.D.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语,其谓语动词同相邻的   主语保持一致,谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来,所以用has gone而不用has been。   3.A.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词,可连接连个并列主语,其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。   4.A.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)   5.C.[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。   6.A.[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。7.B。"不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。"not only…需用到就近原则,but also之后又是两个人,是复数。故选B。   8.A.[解析] "一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。"要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books,根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的,故主语应是a library,又因为此题是被动语态,因此选择A。   9.A.[解析] "还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。""两个并列连词+主语+谓语"作主语看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数,根据题意又应用被动语态,故选A。   10.C.[解析] "邀请人的数目是50人,但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。""the number of+复数名词"意为"……的数量",作主语,谓语动词用单数;"a number of+复数名词"意为"许多",作主语,谓语动词用复数。   11.C.[解析]‎ ‎ "一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。"倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。   12.D.[解析] "许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。""many a"虽然表达复数概念,意为"许多",但当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数。   13.A.[解析] "钱都不属于他。"none作主语,谓语动词单复数都可,但这里的money为不可数名词,因此用单数形式为好,而belong to才是"属于"的意思,所以选A。   14.B.[解析] "昨天做了大约3/5的工作。"主语含有分数,百分比等等,谓语动词要根据其后面的名词而定,是不可数名词和单数可数名词,谓语动词用单数,是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。   15.B.[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine,由并列连词neither…nor连在一起,所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致,这里mine指my sister。‎ 初中英语总复习专题(19)主谓一致答案 三、巩固练习: I. .用所给动词的适当形式填空:1.is  2. are  3. is  4. equals  5. are  6. are  7. likes  8. wants  9. is  10. is  II.选择填空:1—5 ABACB  6—10 DABAD  11—15 AACBA  16—20 ACBBD 四、应用性训练。 I.        用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. have  2. need  3. enjoys  4. is  5. understand6.is 7.are 8.has 9.was/is10.is II. 选择填空。1-5BBBAC 6-10CAACA 11-15CDAAA 16-20DCBCB ‎