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初中英语：主谓一致及其练习
一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
这本书20美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、 主谓一致常考题型
1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。例如： The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如：
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：
Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 主语为某些词组，如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.
12.somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：
Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，例如：
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
11. people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如：
The police are waiting for the boy.
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
16 “定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。
The Smiths are having dinner.
16. a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。
The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。
17. 当kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind, pair, glass 等一致。例如：
This pair of shoes is Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。
There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。
18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如：
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
19. 以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如：
There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。
Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。
20 or, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如：
Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。
Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。
21 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。例如：
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
22 “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数
23. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如： The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
24 none 如果指量，动词用单数。若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。
None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。
25 all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。Most of his time is spent on study.
26. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
二. 实战演练
Part 1.
( ) 1. -Have you got some water to drink?
-Here you are. There___ still some in the bottle.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
( ) 2 ._____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?
A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were
( ) 3. There ____ a great many accidents last year.
A. were B. are C. is D. was
( ) 4 .-How many children ____ in the picture?
-Three.
A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there
Part 2
( ) 1. In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.
A. were B. has been C. / D. was
( ) 2. Most of our earth____ covered by water.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
( ) 3. Sunday ____ the first day of the week.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
( ) 4.Neither___right.
A. answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't
Part 3
( ) 1. The population of the world ____ still ____ now.
A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown
( ) 2.There ____ many people running in the park every morning.
A. is B. were C. are D. have
( ) 3. These police often___the children across the street.
A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping
Part 4
( ) 1. ___ going to England by air next week.
A. The Green family are B. The Greens family are
C. The Green's family are D. Green family are
( ) 2.The whole family ____ enjoying the beautiful music now.
A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all
( ) 3.Our class ___ big.
A. is B. are C. were D. will
Part 5
( ) 1. Neither he nor I ____ from Canada. We are from Australia.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
( ) 2. Either you or he ____ right.
A. are B. is C. does D. were
( ) 3. Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing.
A. is B. are C. is not D. are not
( ) 4. Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary ____ busy.
A. is B. was C. are D. has
Part 6
( ) 1. Physics ___ interesting to us.
A. are B. has C. is D. were
( ) 2. The news____ exciting. We got excited at it.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
( ) 3. Though mathematics____ hard, we all work at it hard.
A. are B. were C. was D. is
1．How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
2．Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven't been back.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
3．Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.
A. nor I am B. nor I are C. or me are D. or me is
4．Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer
D. is a number of deers
5．The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty.
A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are
6．The number of the students in our class _____ 54.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7．Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another．
A．is B．are C．am D．be
8．A library with five thousand books ____to the nation as a gift.
A．is offered B．has offered C．are offered D．have offered
9．When and where to build the new factory _________yet．
A．is not decided B．are not decided C．has not decided
D．have not decided
10．The number of people invited __fifty， but a number of them ______absent for different reasons．
A．were，was B．was, was C．was，were D．were．were
11．Between the two buildings __________a monument．
A．is standing B．standing C．stands D．stand
12．Many a student ___that mistake before.
A．had made B．has been made C．have mad D． has made
13．None of the money ____his．
A．is B．are C．belongs D．were
14．About three-fifths of the work ________done yesterday．
A．had B．was C．were D．have
15． Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news．Let's tell them．
A．know B knows C．knew
I. .用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Two thousand miles __________ (be) too far for us to travel over a short vacation. 2. The old in my country __________ (be) cared for by their children and grandchildren. 3. There __________ (be) a pair of trousers on the sofa.
4. Ten divided by two __________ (equal) five.
5. The Chinese people __________ (be) a great people.
6. Nobody but Tim and Tom __________ (be) in the room.
7. Li Fang like many girls __________ (like) dancing.
8. Every boy and every girl __________ (want) to go there.
9. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth __________ (be) sea. 10. All of the work __________ (be) finished.
II.选择填空。
1. The rich ______ not always happy.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
2. The old woman, together with her two grandsons, ______ crossing the road. A. are B. is C. has D. have
3. This pair of trousers ______ Lucy’s. Your trousers ______ on your bed.
A. is, are B. is, is C. are, are D. are, is
4. Ten kilometers ______ a very long way to go in a day. A. are
B. has C. is D. have
5. Climbing hills ______ better than having classes.
A. are B. is C. was D. have
6. What he wanted to know ______ why they didn’t tell him.
A. are B. was C. were D .is
7. Either you or he ______ to stay at home this afternoon.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
8. Neither of the twins ______ bread.
A. like B. likes C. liked D. is like
9. Fish and chips ______ my favorite food.
A. is B. are C. has D. become
10. The singer and dancer ______ come to our city.
A. are B. is C. have D. has
11. Three-fourths of the water ______ gone.
A. is B. are C. have D. were
12. Everybody, men and women, young and old, ______ listening to the radio here.
A. enjoys B. enjoy C. is enjoyed D. are enjoyed
13. Either Tom or Maria ______ sure to know the answer.
A. are B. be C. is D. were
14. Neither you nor he ______ how to answer the question.
A. know B. knows C. knowing D. to know
15. I as well as they ______ ready to help you.
A. am B. are C. is D. be
16.The number of the students in the class ______ about forty.
A. is B. are C. were D .have
17. Every hour and every minute ______ important.
A. are B. be C. is D. were
18.Look! The Turner family ______ having supper under the tree in front of their house. A. is B. are C. like D. like
19. Not only the twins but also their father ______ the film.
A. like B. likes C. liking D. is like
20. He is one of the children who ______ fond of playing football.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
四、应用性训练。
I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Neither the teacher nor the students __________ (have) enough time.
2. Most of the houses __________ (need) painting.
3. A person who has good friends __________ (enjoy) life more.
4. John, together with his family, __________ (be) flying to London.
5. Few of my family really __________ (understand) me.
6.One third of the students_______(be) boys.
7.There______(be) twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 8.Many a students ________(have) this new dictionary.
9.Every man, woman and child _______(be) asked to contribute.
10.An old man or mature(成熟) woman_____(be) needed for this job.
II. 选择填空。
1. There _______a lot of people at the street corner when the accident happened.
A. Was B. were C. have been D. had
2. Neither she nor Dick and I _____interested in maths.
A Is B. are C. am D. be
3. Fish and chips _____the most popular take-away food in England.
A. Are B. is C. were D. was
4. How many students are there in your school ? ---___the students in our school _____over two thousand.
A. The number of; of B.The number of ; are C.A number of ; of D. A number of ;are 5. All my classmates, except Wu Lin,____ interested in singing English songs. A. Is B. am C.are D.be
6. Neither he nor I ____from Canada. We awe from Australia.
A. Is B. was C.am D.be
7. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25____Christmas Day.
A. is B. was C.has been D.will be
8. He thinks that two moths ____quite a long time.
A. is B.are C. be D. was
9. There ___a sports meeting in our school next week.
A.will hold B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to hold
10. Are the twins on thee team ---No, neither of them_____on the team.
A.is B. Are C. were D.be
11. I’m going to do some shopping this Sunday.---So____.
A. do B. will C. am I D.I am
12. What___ the popular of Canada? Do you think it will_____?
A. is; become B. are; become C. are; grow D. is; grow
13. This pair of trousers____.
A. is mine B. is my C. are my D. are mine
14. Even a child knows that ____are made of___.
A. glasses; glass B.glass; glass C. glasses; glasses D. glass; glasses
15. The number of pages in this book ____three hundred.
A. is B. are C. has D.have
16. The Smiths ____China since the summer of 1993.
A. has been to B. have been to C. has been in D. have been in
17. Not only the parents but also Mary ____ London .They will come back in five days. A. has been to B. have been to C. has gone to D. have gone to
18. In our country, the old ___taken good care of and the young___ well educated.
A.is B. are C. has D. have
19. Each man and each woman _____bring some water here.
A. Has B. have C. has to D. have to
20. Every one except Tom and John_____ there then.
A.is B. was C. are D.were
主谓一致参考答案：
1. 1 -4 C D A D
2. 1-4 D B A C
3. 1 -3 C C A
4. 1 -3 A D A
5. 1 -4 C B A C
6. 1 -3 C B
参考答案
1．B．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
2．D．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的
主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。
3．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。
4．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）
5．C．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
6．A．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。7．B。"不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。"not only…需用到就近原则，but also之后又是两个人，是复数。故选B。
8．A．[解析] "一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。"要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books，根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的，故主语应是a library，又因为此题是被动语态，因此选择A。
9．A．[解析] "还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。""两个并列连词+主语+谓语"作主语看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，根据题意又应用被动语态，故选A。
10．C．[解析] "邀请人的数目是50人，但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。""the number of+复数名词"意为"……的数量"，作主语，谓语动词用单数；"a number of+复数名词"意为"许多"，作主语，谓语动词用复数。
11．C．[解析]
"一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。"倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。
12．D．[解析] "许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。""many a"虽然表达复数概念，意为"许多"，但当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
13．A．[解析] "钱都不属于他。"none作主语，谓语动词单复数都可，但这里的money为不可数名词，因此用单数形式为好，而belong to才是"属于"的意思，所以选A。
14．B．[解析] "昨天做了大约3／5的工作。"主语含有分数，百分比等等，谓语动词要根据其后面的名词而定，是不可数名词和单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数，是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
15．B．[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine，由并列连词neither…nor连在一起，所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致，这里mine指my sister。
初中英语总复习专题(19)主谓一致答案 三、巩固练习： I. .用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.is 2. are 3. is 4. equals 5. are 6. are 7. likes 8. wants 9. is 10. is II.选择填空：1—5 ABACB 6—10 DABAD 11—15 AACBA 16—20 ACBBD 四、应用性训练。 I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. have 2. need 3. enjoys 4. is 5. understand6.is 7.are 8.has 9.was/is10.is II. 选择填空。1-5BBBAC 6-10CAACA 11-15CDAAA 16-20DCBCB
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