中考代词讲解练习和答案 21页

代词 一、概说 代词是起代替作用的词，通常用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子。‎ 代词与名词在形态上有所不同：‎ 第一，许多代词有比名词多的表示人称、数、格与性的屈折变化；‎ 第二，代词没有名词特有的派生词尾，如-tion, -ment等。‎ 代词之间相异之处也很多，有的可以随便选用，有的则不能；有的可用作替换词，有的则不能；有的有屈折变化，有的则没有；有的可用作形容词，有的则不可。‎ 但是，代词之间也有两点相同之处：‎ 第一，代词本身的词义都很弱，必须从上下文来确定；‎ 第二，许多代词都有两种功用：一是可以单独取代名词的位置，二是起修饰语的作用。‎ 代词的种类：‎ 代词可以分为九大类。‎ ‎1. 人称代词 ‎2. 物主代词 ‎3. 反身代词 ‎4. 相互代词 ‎5. 指示代词 ‎6. 不定代词 ‎7. 疑问代词 ‎8. 关系代词（主要用于定语从句的引导）‎ ‎9. 连接代词（主要用于宾语从句、表语从句和主语从句的引导）‎ 中考主要考查前八类，尤以黄底部分为重点。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基本用法（考查主宾格之分）‎ ‎ 特殊用法 ‎ 基本用法：指天气、时间、距离、非确指 人称代词 it 不清楚性别 ‎ 作形式主语、形式宾语 ‎ 种类 名词性物主代词 物主代词 形容词性物主代词 ‎ 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别 ‎ 种类、基本含义 反身代词 功能 ‎ 含有反身代词的固定习语 相互代词 基本含义、功能、与反身代词的区别 ‎ 种类、基本含义 指示代词 一般功用 ‎ 特殊功用 替代功能 ‎ 用作副词 some, any 基本用法（考查肯否定句的使用差别）‎ ‎ 特殊用法（考查some用于一般疑问句）‎ no both, neither, either 基本用法（考查肯否定的区别）‎ ‎ both / neither / either of..‎ ‎ 邻近一致原则 ‎ neither （以及nor, so）用于倒装句（考查引导词、谓语动词和语序）‎ all, none 基本用法（考查含义的区别）‎ ‎ all / none of…‎ other, another another 泛指 ‎ other one…the other…‎ ‎ other + 名词 / others ‎ ‎ the other + 名词 不 others 定 one 一般用法 ‎ 替代功能 ‎ 修饰词 代 (a) little, (a) few（修饰可数与不可数的区别）‎ 词 many, much, a lot of / lots of (many, much 的区别)‎ ‎ each, every ‎ 复合不定代词 基本用法（考查含义的区别）‎ ‎ 功能 ‎ 谓语 ‎ 修饰语后置 疑问代词 基本用法（考查含义的区别）‎ ‎ who 与what 的区别 ‎ what 与which的区别 ‎ 种类、含义（考查疑问代词的选用）‎ 疑问代词 who与what 的区别 ‎ what 与which 的区别 关系代词 （详见定语从句）‎ ‎ 种类、使用环境 缩合连接代词 具体使用情况 ‎ 引导让步状语从句 二、人称代词 种类 基本用法 主格：主语 ‎ 宾格：宾语、表语 特殊用法 I ‎ ‎ 单独使用 ‎ as, than ‎ 三种人称的排列顺序 ‎ he, she 的特殊指代 特别企划it 非人单三 ‎ 指天气 ‎ 指时间 ‎ 指距离 ‎ 不清楚性别 ‎ 非确指 ‎ 形式主语 ‎ 形式宾语 人称代词表示人，有人称、性别、数与格之分。‎ ‎ 数格 ‎ 人称 ‎ 单数 ‎ 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 ‎ 第一人称 I me we us ‎ 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 阳性he him they them 阴性she her 中性it it ‎1. 人称代词的基本用法 人称代词在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语等。‎ ‎1）作主语（一般用主格）。‎ e.g. I am a teacher. And you are my student.‎ ‎2）作宾语（一般用宾格）。‎ e.g. I saw you in the street that day.‎ You can teach me some other subject.‎ ‎3）作表语（一般用宾格）。‎ e.g. The person who will teach you English is me.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. Mr. Wang is very friendly, and ______ like him very much.(09.北京)‎ ‎ A. we B. us C. our D. ours ‎2. --- Look, that’s Mike, your classmate.‎ ‎ --- Yes. Let’s go and say hello to ______.（09，吉林通化）‎ ‎ A. him B. he C. her D. hers ‎3. I’m going skating. Would you like to go with ___?（08，北京）‎ ‎ A. me B. I C. my D. mine ‎4. We like Mr. Green because he often tells ______ funny stories in class. （08，重庆）‎ A. we B. us C. our D. ours ‎5. —A latest China daily, please!‎ ‎ —Only one copy left. Would you like to have , sir? （06，山东滨州）‎ ‎ A.it B.one C.this D.that ‎2. 人称代词的特殊用法 ‎1）I 无论何时都要大写。‎ ‎2）人称代词作表语时，若其后有who或that引导的从句，则常用主格。‎ e.g. It’s I who did it.‎ ‎3）人称代词单独使用时，一般用宾格。‎ e.g.—I’d like to drink some juice.‎ ‎—Me, too.‎ ‎4）人称代词用于as 或than的后面，既可以用主格，也可以用宾格。‎ e.g. He is older than I / me.‎ Edward is as good a student as he / him.‎ 注意：此时使用主格还是宾格，应视比较情况有选择的使用。如：‎ I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。（为避免歧义，此时可以将than引导的比较状语从句的谓语补上：I like you better than he does.）‎ I like you better than him. 我喜欢你，超过喜欢他。（此时只有一种解释）‎ ‎5）人称的使用顺序习惯 如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语，习惯顺序是：‎ 单数：you, he, and I 复数：we, you, and they e.g. You, he and I should set good examples to others.‎ We, you and they are all winners.‎ 但是，若是做错事，需承担责任，有时将说话者I 放在第一位。如：‎ e.g.—Who broke the window?‎ ‎—I and Li Ming.‎ ‎6）he, she 的特殊指代 she 可以用来代替国家、船只、大地、月亮等。‎ ‎ e.g. China is my homeland. I will love her forever.‎ 人们常用she或he 来代替已知性别的动物，雄性动物用he, 雌性动物用she。‎ e.g. I have a pet dog. She is very lovely.‎ ‎3. 多功能的it ‎1）一般情况下，it表示除人以外的单数的动物或东西。‎ e.g. —Where is your car?‎ ‎—It is over there.‎ ‎ [真题]‎ ‎ 1. —What are you looking for, Sally?‎ ‎—I’m looking for my pen. I can’t find ______ anywhere. (09,龙岩)‎ ‎ A. one B. it C. this ‎2.—Have you heard the good news?‎ ‎ —No, what _______?（08，苏州）‎ ‎ A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those ‎3.---What a hot day! Have you had a drink?‎ ‎---Yes. But I’d like to have _____ after work. （07，江西）‎ A. it B. one C. other D. another ‎4. I can’t find the pen I was given. Have you seen _____?（06，徐州）‎ A. it B. one C. this D. that ‎2）表示天气、气候。‎ e.g.—What’s the weather like today?‎ ‎—It’s rainy and cold.‎ ‎3）表示时间。‎ e.g.—What time is it?‎ ‎—It’s a quarter past ten.‎ ‎4）表示距离。‎ e.g.—How far is it from your home to school?‎ ‎—It’s about one kilometer.‎ ‎5）当说话者不清楚或没有必要知道所谈论的对象的性别时，常用it来表示。‎ e.g. It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?‎ ‎—Someone is knocking at the door. —It must be Julie. I called her to come to dinner.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1.—Oh, there's someone in the room.‎ ‎—________must be my brother. （08，青海）‎ A. He B.This C.It ‎2. —Who is singing in the classroom ?‎ ‎ — must be Susan . （07，天津）‎ A. She B. It C. This D. He ‎3.—John,someone in your class phoned you this morning.‎ ‎—Oh,who was ______?(06,江西)‎ A.he    B.she   C.it    D.that ‎6）有时为非确指。‎ e.g. How is it going with you? 近况如何阿？‎ Take it easy! 别着急，慢慢来！‎ ‎7）作形式主语，代替真正的主语：不定式短语、动名词短语、某些名词性从句。‎ e.g. It’s difficult to learn any subject unless you like it.‎ It’s no use going there so early.‎ It doesn’t matter whatever you do.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. ---They are discussing what to do for the disabled.‎ ‎--- ___________is necessary to provide them with more positions. （08，湖北宜昌）‎ A. That B. This C. It D. There ‎ ‎2. _________ is impolite to cut in line when you are waiting for a bus. （08，孝感）‎ A. This B. That C. It D. Which ‎3. _____ is true that he will come to see us this evening. （07，陕西工大附中）‎ A. He B. This C. That D. It ‎8）作形式宾语，代替真正的宾语：不定式短语、动名词短语、某些名词性从句。‎ e.g. I find it interesting to learn a foreign language.‎ He thought it no use studying for the test.‎ They kept it quiet that he was dead.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match. （08，资阳）‎ A. it B. this C. that D. one ‎ ‎2. Class 2 will go for a picnic. They made 6 o’clock to meet at the foot of Mt.‎‎ ‎Tai. （07，淄博）‎ ‎ A. it B. that C. them D. /‎ ‎3. Most young people find ______ exciting to watch a football match．（07，兰州） ‎ A. it B. this C．that D. one ‎ ‎4. Did you find very interesting to play Yo Yo? （06，甘肃兰州）‎ ‎ A.this B.it’s C.that D.it ‎9）用于固定句型：It is / has been + 时间段 + since…（一般过去时）“自从……已经多久了。”‎ ‎ e.g. It has been ten years since we saw each other last time.‎ 三、物主代词 物主代词的种类 物主代词的区别 形容词性物主代词 ‎ 名词性物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，它分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。‎ ‎ 词义 类型 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（它）们的 形容词性物主代词 ‎ my ‎ ‎ your ‎ his ‎ ‎ her ‎ its ‎ our ‎ your their 名词性物主代词 ‎ mine ‎ yours ‎ ‎ his ‎ hers ‎ its ‎ ours ‎ yours their 物主代词即是人称代词属格，表示“归谁所有”。‎ ‎1. 形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词之前，它们的人称、数和性取决于它们所指代的名词。‎ e.g. Kathy cut her finger yesterday.‎ Joe is doing his homework in his bedroom.‎ ‎2. 名词性物主代词 名词性物主代词相当于名词，代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”，以达到避免话语重复的目的，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语等。‎ e.g. My book is in the computer. Yours is on the desk. （作主语）‎ My bag is the same as yours. （作宾语）‎ The ball on the floor is mine. （作表语）‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. Is there any difference between your idea and __________ ? (09.河北)‎ ‎ A. he B. his C. she D. her ‎ ‎2. —Who is the best friend of ______ at school? ‎ ‎—I think Helen is. We often help each other. （09，新疆阜康）‎ A. mine B. his C. yours D. hers ‎3. ______ school is much bigger than ______.(07,青岛) A. Our ; their B. Ours; theirs C. Theirs; our D. Their; ours ‎ ‎4．Some of the stickers belong to me，while the rest are （07，苏州） ‎ A．him and her B his and her C．his and hers D．him and hers ‎5.--Is this your dictionary，Jack?‎ ‎　　　--Yes，it's_________.Thank you for helping me find it. （06，辽宁锦州）‎ ‎　 　A.mine 　 B.hers 　 C.his 　D.yours 四、反身代词 反身代词的种类 基本含义 功能 含有反身代词的固定习语 反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。‎ 数 ‎ 人称 ‎ 单数 ‎ 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves ‎ 第二人称 yourself yourselves ‎ 第三人称 himself herself itself themselves 一、反身代词的基本含义 通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性和数上应保持一致。‎ e.g. I cooked it myself.‎ ‎ Mary saw herself in the mirror.‎ 二、反身代词的功用：‎ ‎1. 用作宾语、表语和同位语等。‎ e.g. She likes learning foreign languages very much. She often teaches herself. （作宾语）‎ Bob is not quite himself today. （作表语）‎ You should do it yourself. （作同位语）‎ 注意：反身代词担当同位语时用以加强语气，在句中的位置比较灵活。‎ e.g. I cooked it myself. = I myself cooked it. 我自己做的饭。‎ I want to speak to the chairman himself. 我要对主席本人讲。‎ ‎2. 用于固定习语。‎ ‎*for oneself 独自，独立 ‎*of oneself 自动地 ‎*by oneself 亲自（没有别人帮助）‎ enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴 teach oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃，随便用 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 think to oneself 暗自思忖 say to oneself 自言自语 seat oneself 坐下 ‎（*部分重点掌握）‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. —Betty, help __________ to some soup.‎ ‎ —Thanks a lot. （09.福建漳州）‎ A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours ‎2. She is so young that you can’t leave her by ___________.（08，诼鹿）‎ ‎ A. oneself B. herself C. myself D. yourself ‎3. When taking the final exam he kept saying to _______, “Be careful.” （08，绵阳）‎ ‎ A. his B. him C. himself D. herself ‎ ‎4. Reading can increase your words. When you read, you will find words repeat（重复）________ and build up your vocabulary quickly. （08，哈尔滨）‎ A. ourselves B. itself C. themselves ‎5. As we all have grown up, we should learn to look after ______.（07，怀化）‎ A. ourselves B. us C. myself 五、相互代词 相互代词的种类 使用范围 相互代词与反身代词的差异 相互代词的所有格作定语 相互代词是表示相互关系的代词。形式如下：‎ 宾格 属格 each other each other’s one another one another’s ‎1. 相互代词表示相互关系，它所指的名词或代词必须是复数形式或两者以上。‎ e.g. Mr. and Mrs. Smith bought expensive presents for each other.‎ 注意：在传统语法中，each other指两者，one another指三者或三者以上，但是在当代英语中，两个短语在用法上已无区别。‎ ‎2. 相互代词与反身代词相似，都与主语形成互指关系，但意义存在重大差别。如：‎ e.g. Bill and Helen blamed themselves. 比尔和海伦责怪他们自己。‎ Bill and Helen blamed each other. 比尔和海伦彼此责怪对方。‎ ‎3. 相互代词的属格用作定语。‎ e.g. Last week, we visited each other’s hometown. 上星期我们互访了对方的家乡。‎ 六、指示代词 指示代词的定义 指示代词的一般功能 特殊功能 替代功能 ‎ 作副词 表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。‎ 单数 复数 含义 this这个 these这些 指时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物 that那个 those那些 指时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物 e.g. This is my doll. That is Mary’s.‎ 一、指示代词的一般功用 指示代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。‎ e.g. How much are these? （作主语）‎ How do you like these? （作宾语）‎ My point is this. （作表语）‎ This book is about Chinese traditional medicine. （作定语）‎ 二、指示代词的特殊功用 ‎1．this 和that有时可用作副词，表示程度，意为“这么”、“那么”。‎ e.g. The book is about this thick.‎ I don’t want that much.‎ ‎2．that 和those的替代功能 为了避免重复，可用that代替前面提到过的单数可数名词和不可数名词，those代替前面提到过的复数可数名词。‎ e.g. The weather of Kunming is warmer than that (= the weather) of Beijing.‎ The watches made in Shanghai are as good as those (= the watches) made in Tianjin.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. —Look! What’s __________ in the sky?‎ ‎ —It looks like a kite.（09.山西）‎ ‎ A. this B. that C. those ‎2. Things made by hand are usually more expensive than ______ produced in factories. （09，宁夏）‎ A. these B. this C. that D. those ‎ ‎ 七、不定代词 定义和分类 some, any 基本用法（考查肯否定句的使用差别）‎ ‎ 特殊用法（考查some用于一般疑问句）‎ no both, neither, either 基本用法（考查肯否定的区别）‎ ‎ both / neither / either of..‎ ‎ 邻近一致原则 ‎ neither （以及nor, so）用于倒装句（考查引导词、谓语动词和语序）‎ all, none 基本用法（考查含义的区别）‎ ‎ all / none of…‎ other, another another 泛指 ‎ other one…the other…‎ ‎ other + 名词 / others ‎ ‎ the other + 名词 ‎ others one 一般用法 ‎ 替代功能 ‎ 修饰词 ‎(a) little, (a) few（修饰可数与不可数的区别）‎ many, much, a lot of / lots of (many, much 的区别)‎ each, every 复合不定代词 基本用法（考查含义的区别）‎ ‎ 功能 ‎ 谓语 ‎ 修饰语后置 疑问代词 基本用法（考查含义的区别）‎ ‎ who 与what 的区别 ‎ what 与which的区别 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。不定代词表示各种程度和各种类型的不定意义。它们在逻辑意义上是数量，具有整体或局部的意义。‎ 不定代词可以分为：‎ ‎1. 普通不定代词：‎ some, any, no ‎ somebody, anybody, nobody; someone, anyone, no one (不连写); something, anything, nothing ‎ one, none ‎ ‎2. 个体代词：‎ all, both, either, neither, other, another, every, each ‎ everybody, everyone, everything ‎3. 数量代词 ‎(a) few, (a) little, many, much, a lot of, lots of 复合不定代词有someone, anyone, no one; somebody, anybody, nobody; something, anything; nothing; everyone, everybody, everything。‎ 复合不定代词由于形式上是单数，故谓语一般用单数。‎ ‎1. some, any ‎ 1）基本用法 some和any 修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词均可，意为“一些”。‎ some 一般用于肯定句；‎ any 一般用于否定句、疑问句和从句中。‎ e.g. I have some science books.‎ There is some water in the glass.‎ ‎—Are there any question? ‎ ‎—No, madam.‎ There aren’t any vegetables in the fridge.‎ You can ask me if you have any problems.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. I asked her for _________ milk, but she didn’t have ________ . （08，茂名）‎ ‎ A. any; some B. some; any C. some; some ‎2．There isn’t ________ water in the glass. Let’s go and get some. （08，北京朝阳）‎ ‎　　A. many B. lots C. any D. some ‎3. Let’s get some __________ about tourism on the Internet. （09.山西）‎ ‎ A. information B. message C. invention ‎4. ______ police officers in the UK carry guns, but most of them don't. （08，徐州）‎ A. No B. Some C. Many D. All ‎5. After moving to their new house, the Lees bought some _____ in the mall nearby. （08，上海）‎ A furniture B chair C table D shelf some, any 相当于名词时，可用于some / any of…，此结构作主语时谓语动词的单复数视of后面的名词而定，如果是复数可数名词，谓语也用复数；如果是不可数名词，谓语用单数。‎ e.g. Some of his opinions were hard to accept.‎ Some of the food was packed in bags.‎ I don’t think any of my friends have seen them.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. Some of my classmates ________ from other cities. （08，茂名）‎ ‎ A. comes B. is C. are ‎2）特殊用法 在疑问句中，若说话者强调希望得到对方的肯定回答，也可用some。 ‎ e.g.—It’s too hot today. Would you like some water? ‎ ‎—Yes, please.‎ some用于单数可数名词前，表示“某个……”。‎ e.g. This morning some boy asked for you. ‎ 在否定句中，some表示半否定，any 表示全否定。‎ e.g. I don’t know some of you. 我只认识你们中的一些人。‎ I don’t know any of you. 你们这些人，我一个都不认识。‎ any偶尔也用于肯定句中，意为“任何”，接单数可数名词或不可数名词。‎ e.g. You are welcome to be here. Come any day you like.‎ any 可用于表示程度，修饰形容词、副词的比较级，意为“稍微……”。‎ e.g. He is too tired to walk any further.‎ ‎2. no ‎1）不定代词no 只具有形容词词性，在句中作定语，意为“没有”，相当于not any, not a / an。‎ e.g. There are no (=not any) letters for you today.‎ He is no (=not a) friend of mine.‎ ‎2）用于警告标识。‎ e.g. No Smoking!‎ No Parking!‎ No Photos!‎ ‎3）no 与not 的比较：not可用于否定动词，但no不可以。‎ ‎3. both, neither, either ‎1）基本用法 both, neither, either用于两者。‎ both 为肯定意义，表示“两者都……”；‎ neither为否定意义，表示“两者都不……”；‎ either 表二选其一。‎ e.g. My parents are both ordinary people.‎ ‎—What would you like, noodles or rice? ‎ ‎—Neither. I’d like some pancakes.‎ ‎—What would you like, noodles or rice? ‎ ‎—Either is OK. I’m hungry.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. — Which of the two T-shirts will you take?‎ ‎— I’ll take __________ , one for my brother, the other for myself. （09.江西）‎ ‎ A. either B. neither C. all D. both ‎2. --- Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?‎ ‎ ---I’m afraid _______ day is possible. （09，宁夏）‎ ‎ A. neither B. either C. some D. any ‎3. — When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?‎ ‎— ______ is OK. I’m free these days. （08，重庆）‎ A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither ‎4. I had to buy ________ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best. （05，南京）‎ ‎ A. both B. none C. neither D. all ‎5. It rained heavily this morning, but ______ of my classmate were late for school. (07,山西)‎ A. neither B. none C. all ‎2）关于of 短语 both of … 后接复数可数名词或复数意义的代词作主语，谓语用复数。后接名词时of可省略。‎ e.g. Both (of) the movies are very interesting.‎ Both of them were invited to the party.‎ neither of …后接复数可数名词或复数意义的代词作主语，谓语用单数。‎ e.g. Neither of the chairs is broken.‎ Neither of them is a pupil.‎ either of…后接复数可数名词或复数意义的代词作主语，谓语用单数。‎ e.g. Either of the chairs is broken.‎ Either of us is a pupil.‎ ‎3）邻近一致原则。‎ both… and …连接并列主语，谓语用复数。‎ e.g. Both John and Mike like playing basketball.‎ neither… nor…连接并列主语，谓语采取邻近一致原则。‎ e.g. Neither he nor I like playing computer games.‎ Does neither Ruth nor Kate like shopping?‎ either … or… 连接并列主语，谓语也采取邻近一致原则。‎ e.g. Either he or I am going to the cinema.‎ Is either he or I going to the museum with you?‎ ‎4）neither用于倒装结构。‎ so和neither/ nor 都可用于倒装结构。‎ 前文的肯定情况也适用于另一人，So + be /情态动词/助动词 + 主语。注意时态相同。‎ e.g. —I like delicious food. ‎ ‎—So do I!‎ Harry Potter has became a famous wizard through hard work. And so has Ron.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. —It’s terribly cold today, isn’t it ?‎ ‎ —Yes, __________ yesterday. （09.福建漳州）‎ ‎ A. So it was B. So was it C. So it is D. So is it ‎2. ---My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow.‎ ‎ ---_________.Shall we go together? （08，诼鹿）‎ ‎ A. So am I B. So do I C. So I am D. So will I ‎ ‎3. —Jim wants to be a volunteer in the 2008 Olympics.‎ ‎ —_________.（08，淄博）‎ ‎ A. So Tom is B. So is Tom C. So does Tom D. So Tom does ‎4．Jim works hard on his Chinese and _________．（07，济南） 　　 A． so Lucy does B． so is Lucy 　　C． so does Lucy 　D． so Jucy is 5. ---David has made great progress recently (近来).‎ ‎ ---______, and _______.（06，荆门）‎ ‎ A. So he has; so have you B. So he has; so you have ‎ C. So has he; so you have D. So has he; so have you 前文的否定情况也适用于另一人，Neither / Nor + be /情态动词/助动词 + 主语。注意时态相同。‎ e.g. —I don’t like hanging out.‎ ‎—Neither / Nor do I.‎ I haven’t been to the World Expo in Shanghai. Neither / Nor has my sister.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. —My parents never stop going on about (唠叨) how I should study hard.‎ ‎ —________.（09，德州）‎ A. So my parents do B. Nor my parents do ‎ C. Nor do my parents D. So do my parents ‎2. —Do you think we’ll need a coffee pot?‎ ‎ —I don’t drink coffee, and ______. It’s not necessary. Why not a tea service? （08，山东）‎ A. so do you B. neither you do C. so you do D. neither do you ‎3. —He didn’t stay up late last night.‎ ‎ —________.（08，孝感）‎ A. So did I B. So didn’t I C. Neither did I D. Neither didn’t I ‎ 对于前文的事实情况进行再次强调，So + 主语+ be /情态动词/助动词。注意时态相同。‎ e.g.—Today is too hot.‎ ‎—So it is.‎ ‎—I have made great progress through my hard work.‎ ‎—So you have.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. —It’s terribly cold today, isn’t it ?‎ ‎—Yes, __________ yesterday. （09.福建漳州）‎ ‎ A. So it was B. So was it C. So it is D. So is it ‎2. ---David has made great progress recently (近来).‎ ‎---______, and _______.（06，荆门）‎ ‎ A. So he has; so have you B. So he has; so you have ‎ C. So has he; so you have D. So has he; so have you ‎3. —You have made great progress in English.‎ ‎—______. That’s why I got an A in the English exam. （05，扬州）‎ A. So I have B. So have I C. So I do D. So do I 注意：使用倒装结构时，应注意谓语动词的种类、时态要保持一致！‎ ‎4. all, none ‎1）基本用法 all, none用于三者及三者以上。all 为肯定意义，表示“全部都……”；none为否定意义，表示“全都不……”。‎ e.g. You are all talents. We just haven’t known what your talent is.‎ None of my friends are foreigners.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. All the students were tired, but _______ of them stopped to have a rest. （08，淄博）‎ A. both B. none C. any D. neither ‎2. —Are you ___ from America?‎ ‎—No, none of us. （08，武汉）‎ A. both B. all C. any D. either ‎3. It rained heavily this morning, but ______ of my classmate were late for school. (07,山西)‎ A. neither B. none C. all ‎4. ---Got any information about High School Examination?‎ ‎ ---Well, I was trying to, but found __________.（07，武汉）‎ ‎ A. one B. no one C. none D. some ‎5. I had to buy ________ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best. （05，南京）‎ ‎ A. both B. none C. neither D. all ‎2）all / none of…作主语 ‎ all of … 后接复数可数名词或复数意义的代词作主语时，谓语用复数。‎ e.g. All of the students are on the playground.‎ Both of us like to ear potato chips.‎ none of …后接复数可数名词或复数意义的代词作主语时，谓语用单复数均可。‎ e.g. None of his friends has / have ever been to Beijing.‎ None of them speak / speaks English.‎ ‎5. other, another。‎ ‎1）another ‎ another用于泛指，后接单数可数名词，前面不用冠词，表“再一个，又一个”。‎ e.g. —Would you like another cake? ‎ ‎—No, thanks. I’m already full.‎ I don’t like this one. Could you show me another (one)?‎ ‎2）other other前有定冠词the 时，表示两者中的“另一个”，常与one连用，即one… the other…。‎ e.g. My aunt has two sons. One is a doctor; the other is a teacher.‎ other + 名词 other + 名词，相当于others,意为“别的”。‎ e.g. Some are listening to the radio, others are watching TV. 一些人在听收音机，一些人在看电视。（暗示还有一些人在做别的事）‎ Some students went to the Summer‎ ‎Palace. Other students (Others) stayed at home last Sunday. 一些学生去了颐和园，一些学生呆在家里。（暗示可能还有一些同学或看电影，或参观博物馆等）‎ the other + 名词 the other + 名词，相当于the others（= the rest），意为“其余的”。‎ e.g. There are 67 students in my sister’s class. Nineteen are boys; the other students (the others) are all girls.‎ 泛指“其他人”时则使用不带冠词的others。‎ e.g. We should be glad to help others.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. —We have five kinds of schoolbags. Do you like this one ?‎ ‎ —No. Can you show me __________? （09.广东）‎ A. another B. each other C. the other D. others ‎2. “Have ________ try, you are so close to the answer,” the teacher said to Eric. （08，上海）‎ ‎ A the other B one another C other D another ‎ ‎3．We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so let’s have one this month．（07，苏州）‎ A．the other B．some C．another D．other ‎4.—What about these two coats，madam?‎ ‎ —_____of them fits me．Could you show me _____ one? （05，随州）‎ ‎ A． Either ; other B. Neither；another C． either ； else D．Either; another ‎5. The students of Class 1 are helping the farmers. Some are picking apples, ____ are carrying them. (07,攀枝花)‎ ‎ A. another B. the other C. others D. other ‎6. one 数 单数 复数 人称 物主代词 反身代词 one ones one’s oneself ‎1）一般用法 one / ones可以指人，也可以指物。在句中作主语、宾语和定语。‎ e.g. I’ve been looking for an umbrella, but I can’t find one.‎ ‎2）替代功能 one / ones 可用来代替前面出现过的可数名词，以避免重复。one代替可数名词单数，ones代替复数。‎ e.g. —Do you have a computer? ‎ ‎—Yes, I have one.‎ This room is dirty, please show me another one.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. My son wants a pet rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy ______ for him. （08，山东）‎ ‎ A. it B. that C. the one D. one ‎2. This is I wanted . （07，天津）‎ A. the one what B. which C. one which D. the one ‎3. I've got many books on Chinese food. You can borrow _____ if you like. （07，杭州）‎ ‎ A. either B. one C. it D. every ‎4. ----Mum, Mary bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy ______for me?‎ ‎ ----Sure. But you must look after it yourself. (07,攀枝花)‎ ‎ A. that B. this C. it D. one ‎5. What is a cool job? I would say “a good job’ is you would do even if you didn’t get paid for it. （07，淄博）‎ ‎ A. one B. which C. why D. that ‎3. one / ones的修饰词 one的前面可以用the, this, that, which 等词修饰，同时one 和ones还可以用形容词来修饰。‎ e.g. There are three pens, which one is yours, this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?‎ The pencils are all blue. Will you please pass me some red ones?‎ ‎7. a little, a few。‎ ‎1）a little 修饰不可数名词，表肯定意义，意为“一点儿”。‎ ‎ e.g. I learned a little Japanese in college. But now I remember none.‎ ‎2） a few 修饰复数可数名词，也表示肯定意义，意为“几个”。‎ e.g. I have a few friends. They are all Chinese.‎ ‎3）little，few直接用于肯定句，则表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有”。‎ e.g. There is little water in the fridge. Let’s go to buy some.‎ This maths problem is too difficult. Few of us can work it out.‎ 注意：only, even, quite, just 等词可以和a little, a few 连用，却不能和few, little 连用。‎ only a little （只有一点儿）‎ only a few （只有几个，仅少数）‎ e.g. If you learn even a little English, you’ll find it useful after you leave school. ‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. I’m new here. I feel lonely because I have ______friends to talk with. (09,龙岩)‎ ‎ A. few B. many C. little ‎2. She can speak Chinese, English and ______ French. （08，泸州）‎ ‎ A. a little B. a few C. few ‎ ‎3. There’s _______ milk at home. We have to buy some this afternoon. （08，山西）‎ A. a little B. little C. a few ‎4． This exercise is _________difficult _____．（07，济南） 　　A． so, that few of us can do 　　　　　B． so, that few of us can do it 　　C． too , for anyone of us to do 　　　 D．too, for anyone of us to do it ‎5．This English newspaper is very easy for the students because there are _____ new words in it. （07，重庆）‎ A．little B．a little C．few D. a few ‎8. many, much, a lot of / lots of。‎ 三组词都意为“许多”，但所接名词不同，many 修饰复数可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，a lot of / lots of修饰可数和不可数名词均可。‎ e.g. Do you know many famous stars?‎ Much time will be saved if you plan your work properly.‎ I used to spend a lot of / lots of time playing games.‎ You should eat a lot of / lots of fruits and vegetables to keep healthy.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news. （09，广州）‎ A. many B. a few C. much D. few ‎2．The reporters asked the man questions，but he said words． （07，成都）‎ ‎ A．many；few B．much；a little C．a lot of；a few ‎9. each, every ‎1）each （每个；各自的）强调每一个人或事物的个别情况。‎ e.g. What was each person doing when the UFO arrived?‎ ‎2）every （每个；每一的；一切的）则有“全体”的意思，和all意义相近。‎ e.g. I decided to take lots of grammar notes in every class.‎ ‎10. 复合不定代词 复合不定代词的词义由前面的some-, any-, no- 决定。some- 某个，any- 任何一个，no- 没有，every- 每一个。-body和-one的复合代词只用于指人，-thing的复合代词用来指物。‎ ‎1）some- /any- 的复合代词的用法与some, any 的用法基本一致。肯定句以及期待肯定回答的疑问句用some-，否定句和疑问句通常用any-。‎ e.g. They saw something in the sky.‎ Would you like something to drink?‎ I wouldn’t say anything.‎ 注意：实际使用时，人们通常会根据实际需要而选用意思恰当的复合不定代词。‎ e.g. Anyone can succeed if he could make up his mind to do what he wants to do.‎ I can do anything for you.‎ Don't ever let somebody tell you you can't do something, not even me. （不要让别人告诉你你成不了才，即使是我也不行。）‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. Attention, please! I have ______ important to tell you. (09，龙岩)‎ ‎ A. nothing B. anything C. something ‎2. When I returned to my hometown, I was nearly lost. Almost_______ had changed. （09，德州）‎ A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything ‎3. --- Do you believe_______ you read in ads?‎ ‎ --- No, only some of them . （06，沈阳）‎ ‎ A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ‎4. The math exam was very difficult. I don’t think ______ could pass it. （06，厦门）‎ ‎ A. someone B. everyone C. no one ‎5. —Can you cook eggs with tomatoes?‎ ‎—Yes, of course. _________ can do it, it is easy. （05，山东）‎ A. Anyone B. Someone C. No one D. Everyone else ‎2）复合不定代词在句中可以作主语、表语和宾语。‎ e.g. Everyone gets tired sometimes. （作主语）‎ This is something you do before a test. （作表语）‎ Have you ever collected anything? （作宾语）‎ ‎3）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数。‎ e.g. Is everyone here today?‎ Everyone likes gifts.‎ ‎4）复合不定代词的修饰语要置于复合不定代词之后。‎ e.g. I have something important to tell you.‎ Is there anything wrong with it?‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. –Mum, can I have something________?‎ ‎–Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is________ in the kitchen. （09，江苏宿迁）‎ ‎ A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else ‎ C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else ‎2. —Could you please tell me ________ in today’s newspaper?‎ ‎—Sorry, _______.（09，黄冈）‎ A. something special; special nothing B. special something; special nothing C. anything special; something special D. something special; nothing special ‎3．—How can I make friends in a new school?‎ ‎—Say hello to__________to you today，and you can have a friend tomorrow．（09，哈尔滨）‎ ‎ A．new someone B．someone new C．new anyone ‎4. ---Have you read today’s newspaper?‎ ‎ ---Yes, there is _____in it. (07,攀枝花)‎ ‎ A. different nothing B. nothing different C. different something D. anything different ‎5．--Why was there no picture．on TV?‎ ‎—Because there was __________ with it. （05，云南中考）‎ A. anything wrong B．something wrong C．wrong anything D．wrong something 八、疑问代词 ‎1. 基本概念及功能 疑问代词主要有who, whom, whose, what, which。‎ who, whom, whose 用来指人，who 代替主格的人，whom代替宾格的人（口语中一般皆用who）。‎ what, which用来指人或物均可。‎ e.g. Who is that girl?‎ What would you like?‎ Which would you like to do, play basketball or go fishing?‎ I found a book in the corridor. Do you know whose it is?‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. There are many works of art in the museum __________ we will visit tomorrow. （09.安徽芜湖）‎ A. where B. who C. which D. what ‎2. Can you tell me __________ you are going to do next week? （09，河南）‎ ‎ A. if B. what C. how D. where ‎ ‎3. –______ won the 100th gold at the Olympics for China? –Zhang Yining, she’s from Beijing. (09.北京)‎ ‎ A. Who B. What C. When D. Where ‎4．There's a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know _______ it is? （07，重庆）‎ A. what B. who C. whose D. whom ‎5.— Please write to me when you are free．‎ ‎—Sure，But _______ is your e-mail address? （05，云南中考）‎ ‎ A．when B．where C．what D．which ‎2. 疑问代词的用法比较 ‎1）who与what的区别：who多指姓名、关系，what多指职业、地位。如：‎ e.g. —Who is he? ‎ ‎—He is Tom Black, my father.‎ ‎—What is he? ‎ ‎—He is an engineer.‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. —______?‎ ‎— I’m a policeman. （08，泸州）‎ ‎ A. What do you do B. What do you want to do C. What are you doing ‎ ‎2. —Do you know_________?‎ ‎—He is a driver. （05，厦门）‎ A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is ‎2）what 和 which的区别，what不限制范围，which 限制在一定范围内。‎ e.g. What sport do you like?‎ Which sport do you like best, basketball, football or pingpong?‎ 九、关系代词 详见定语从句部分。‎ 十、缩合连接代词 一、缩合连接代词的意义 缩合连接代词的形式和功用与关系代词相似。缩合连接代词主要由先行词与关系代词缩合而成，多用于引导名词性从句（宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句）。‎ 这种代词主要有： that, what, who, which, whatever, whoever, whichever。‎ 注意：带-ever的词往往具有any的含义，语气较强。‎ 二、缩合连接代词的具体使用 ‎1. what ‎ e.g. What I want is water. 我所要的是水。（what I want 用作主语） ‎ What I want are apples. 我所要的是苹果。（what I want 用作主语） ‎ I eat what I like. 我吃我喜欢的东西。（what I like 用作宾语） ‎ That is what I have to say. 这就是我所要说的话。（what I have to say 用作表语） ‎ ‎2. who ‎ e.g. Who breaks pays. 损害须赔偿。（who breaks 用作主语） ‎ Tom wants to marry who (whom) he likes. 汤姆想要和他喜欢的人结婚。（who / whom he likes 用作宾语）‎ You are not who I knew. 你已经不是我过去所认识的人了。（who 引导表语从句） ‎ ‎3. that ‎ e.g. Handsome is that handsome does. 做的漂亮才是真漂亮。（that 引导表语从句） ‎ It was you that said so. 是你这样说的。（that 引导主语从句，it 是形式主语） ‎ ‎4. which ‎ e.g. You can take which you like. 你喜欢拿哪个就可以拿哪个。（which 引导宾语从句） ‎ ‎5. whatever ‎ e.g. I'll do whatever I can do. 我就做我所能做的事。（whatever 引导宾语从句） ‎ ‎6. whoever ‎ e.g. Whoever wants to go with us can start out now. （whoever 引导主语从句） ‎ ‎7. whichever ‎ e.g. You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个。（whichever 引导宾语从句，语气较which强） ‎ ‎[真题]‎ ‎1. —Do you know __________ the man with sunglasses is?‎ ‎—I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter. （09.江西）‎ ‎ A. who B. what C. where D. how 三、-ever型缩合连接代词 带 -ever的缩合连接代词有“不论……”的之意，故也可引导让步状语从句。 ‎ e.g. I'll stand by you whatever (=no matter what) happens. 不论发生什么事，我都站在你这边。 ‎ The final between the teams, whatever the result, is splendid. 这两个队伍之间的决赛，不论结果如何，都是精彩的。（注意：whatever the result 后省去了 it is） ‎ Whoever （=no matter who） says so, it's not true. 不管谁说的，这话不真实。 ‎ Her sister—or her friend, whichever（=no matter which） it was—was really pretty. 她的妹妹，还是她朋友什么的，不管是哪一个，真是漂亮啊！ ‎