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中考英语定语从句讲解及练习
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that 。
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。
关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。
一、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),修饰表示人的先行词。
This is the man who helped me.
The boy who//whom we saw yesterday is John’s brother.
二、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,口语中可以省略。
The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.
The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.
=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后 whom不能省略)
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.
(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开,仍放在动词之后。look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off…)
三、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词。
Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
四、that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which)
The letter (that//which) I received was from my father.
I can’t find the letter that//which came this morning.
Do you still remember the days (that//which)we spent together ?
This is the man that//who helped me.
The house (that//which) we live in is not large. =The house in which we live is not large.
The doctor (that//whom //who)you are looking for is in the room.
五、which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,修饰表示物的先行词。
This is the book (which/that ) you want.
The building which//that stands near the river is our school.
The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)
The house (which/that) we live in is not large.
This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.
六、只能用that的情况小结:
1. 在there + be 的句型中,句子的主语是先行词,而且又是物。
There are two novels that I want to read. 我要读的有两本小说。
There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。
2. 当先行词为主句的表语
This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。
3. 以Here is (are)开头的句子时。
Here is a film that will move anyone. 这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。
Here are two books that I will buy. 这是我要买的两本书。
4. It is (high) time +定语从句中。
It is time that we should have a rest. 我们应该休息了。
It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。
5. 当先行词是way等词时,关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时,在口语中,可省略。
This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。
She admired the way in which I answered the questions. 她羡慕我回答问题的方式。
6. 在双重限定性定语从句中,如果一个从句用who或者which引导时,那么另一个从句用that引导。
He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest. 他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。
My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.
我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书,并且离这儿不远。
7. 当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。
This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。
The only book I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。
8. 在强调句子中,并且以who ,which, what开头时。
Who was it that was lost ? 究竟是谁迷路了?
What was it that you did last week? 你上周究竟做什么了?
9. 当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。
This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。
10. 当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时,
This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。
Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值的看的书吗?
11. 当先行词既指人又指物时。
The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them .
Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.
12. 当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时,关系代词用that,不用which;但用something时,用which
或者that均可。
Everything we have seen in China is moving. 我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。
I have nothing that is worth reading.
13. 当先行词是疑问代词who时。
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他?
七、由when 引导的定语从句,修饰表示时间的先行词,when为关系副词,做定语从句的时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.
( 介词+which可以代替 when)
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
I remember the days which//that we spent together.
八、由where 引导的定语从句,修饰表示地点的先行词,where为关系副词,做定语从句的地点状语。
This is the place where we lived for five years.
The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.
( 介词+which可以代替where)
This is a place which/that I wanted to visit.
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
九、Why引导的定语从句,why做原因状语。
I know the reason why he came late. ( for+which可以代替why)
The reason why / for which he was late was that he was ill.
十、关系代词在从句中作主语,谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。
The student who is good at English studies hard.
The students who are good at English study hard.
十一、定语从句可分为两大类,即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉的话,主句的意思就不完整,意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词(不用逗号隔开)如:
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用,也就是说即便去掉定语从句,句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开,且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。
This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.
练习:
一、把两句合并成一个定语从句。
1.The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
→
2.The bus was the wrong one. Xiao Li was running after it.
→
3.The wallet has been found. Mr.Hopkins was looking for it.
→
4.The recorder has been stolen. Wang spent all the money on it.
→
5. We stayed in a hotel. Jason stayed in the hotel last year.
6. I love sunny days. On sunny days you don’t need to wear a coat.
7. I lent my bike to a friend. The friend is coming to my house today.
8. My cousin goes to a school. The school is the best in Guangzhou.
9. My brother plays in the football team. The team won the match.
二、用下划线划出定语从句。Look at the following sentences and underline all the relative clauses:
1. Do you remember the date when the first man landed on the moon?
2. Shuttleworth went to the place where Tito lived.
3. The airport at which Armstrong learned to fly was near his home.
4. The man to whom Shutteworth spoke in space was Tito.
三、在横线上填入关系词。Fill in the gaps with when, where, or preposition + which/whom.
The place ________________ Neil Armstrong lived as a boy is Ohio, USA.
My birthday ______________ I got lots of presents was on Friday!
The lady ____________ you wrote your letter is my mum.
The chair _____________ the fat man was sitting broke.
1. The bed _______________ you slept last night is 100 years old.
2. Tomorrow is the day _______________ I get my exam results.
3. This year we’re going on holiday to the place ________________ my parents first met.
4. Dr Smith _____________ I have learned a lot is a very nice man.
5. Christmas Day is a day _______________ the family gets together.
6.This is the place ____________ Harry Potter first arrives at the magic school.
7. The school _________________ Deng Xiaoping studied as a child is now a museum.
8. The children ____________ he is talking are his students.
9. Friday _______________ I have my piano lesson, is the busiest day of my week.
10. You are the only person _______________ I can talk about my problem.
11. The building ______________ we used to work will be torn down next year.
12. The man _____________ I sent the package lives on Beijing Road.
13. England , __________________ John comes, is in Europe.
14. The teacher, ____________ Tom felt sorry, is his class teacher.
15. The answer ____________ I was sure has been proved right.
四、用关系代词(that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose)或关系副词(when、 where、 why)填空。
1.This is the man _______________ wants to see you.
2.The student __________________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.
3.The man _________________ you went to see has come.
4.The man __________________I met yesterday lent me some money.
5.The woman ______________________ you saw is our geography teacher.
6.Here is the pen ________________ you lost the day before yesterday.
7.These books ____________________ you lent me were very useful.
8.A clock is a machine __________________ tells people the time.
9.This is the shirt ______________________I bought yesterday.
10.The book ___________________ is on the table is mine.
11.The film ___________________ they are talking about is very interesting.
12.I will never forget the people and the places ____________ I have ever visited.
13.Is there anyone ___________________ family is in Beijing?
14.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.
15.The boy_____________ father is a teacher is good at English.
16.I don’t know the reason __________________ he was late for the class.
17.A birthday is the date ____________ one was born.
18.Do you know the reason ________ no one questioned Aristotle's theory for about 2,000 years?
19.Do you still remember the days ___________________we spent together last term?
20.Shanghai is the city ______________ I was born.
21.The house _____________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
22.I still remember the day ______________I first came to the school.
23.The time ______________we got together finally came.
24.Please tell me the reason ______________ you missed the plane.
25.I don’t know the reason_______________ he looks unhappy today.
26.Everything _____________ I know will be taught to the students.
27.This is the best film _____________ I have ever seen.
28.The manager walked toward the gate ____________ the workers are waiting.
29.You can’t go into this room ____________ they are having a meeting.
30.I still remember the days _____________ we studied together.
31.The picture ____________ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.
32.He failed in the exam, _____________ surprised us all .
33.Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone ____________ family was poor.
34.Tom, ____________ parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.
35. The boys________ are playing football are from Class One.
36. Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.
37. Football is a game _______is liked by most boys.
38 .I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country.
39. He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers.
40. The season_________ comes after spring is summer.
41. He succeeded in the competition, _____ made his parents very happy.
42. The reason ____ he was punished is unknown to us.
43. The school ______ he once studied is very famous.
44. I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school.
45. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
46. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
47. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
48. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
49. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
50. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
51. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
52. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.
53. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
54. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
55. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.
56. This is the school ______I used to study.
57. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
58. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?
59. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?
60. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
61. You are the only person _______________ I can talk about my problem.
62. The building ______________ we used to work will be torn down next year.
63. Tomorrow is the day _______________ I get my exam results.
64. This year we’re going on holiday to the place ________________ my parents first met.
65. Dr Smith _____________ I have learned a lot is a very nice man.
66. Christmas Day is a day _______________ the family gets together.
67.This is the place ____________ Harry Potter first arrives at the magic school.
68. The school _________________ Deng Xiaoping studied as a child is now a museum.
五. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。
1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.
3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.
4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.
7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.
8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.
9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.
10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.
六、单项选择。
( )1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
( )2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who D. /
( )3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
A. that B. whose C. which D. as
( )4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. which C. who D. whom
( )5. Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. that C. which D. /
( )6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
( )7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which B. in which C. that D. all
( )8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who
( )9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
( )10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
( )11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
( )12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom B. who C. / D. he
( )13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door
B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
( )14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
( )15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.
A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there
( )16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.
A. what B. which C. as D. ./
( )17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.
A. in that B. when C. where D. there
( )18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?
A. where B. in that C. that D. which
( )19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
( )20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?
A. that B. when C. what D. on that
( )21. The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.
A. that B. when C. where D. in which
( )22. October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.
A. when B. that C. where D. in which
( )23. October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
A. which B. when C. where D. in which
( )24. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
A. which B. where C. in which D. what
( )25. Is this museum _____ they visited last month?
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
( )26. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
1. Do you know the girl _____necklace has been stolen?
A. her B. which C. that D. whose
2. When she came back from London, she told us about the schools and teachers_____ she had visited.
A. who B. that C. which D. where
3. Who is the boy ______is speaking there
A. whom B. which C. that D. who
4. David is one of the foreign teachers who_____ in China.
A. is working B. works C. has worked D. work
5. The notebook_____ cover is red is mine.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
6. This is the very book_______ I badly need.
A. to which B. that C. which D. what
7. There was nothing in the world______ he was afraid of.
A. which B. that C. where D. whose
8. I found little ______he didn't know about history.
A. what B. whose C. that D. which
9. This is the third city______ the foreign friends have paid a visit to.
A. where B. which C. that D. in which
10. The best books ______I borrowed from the library are all here.
A. which B. that C. what D. whatever
11. The last place_________ the foreign guests called at in China was Hang Zhou.
A. where B. which C. in which D. that
12. The man______ I am going to meet at the station is Professor Smith.
A. with whom B. whoever C. whom D. whose
13. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.
A. which B. what C. as D. those
14. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
15. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
16. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that B. where C. in which D. in that
17. I don’t like __________ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
18. ---- Do you know the town at all? --- No, this is the first time I __________ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
19. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is
20. It’s the third time __________ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
中考题:
【2011天津】1. John is the boy_____ legs were badly hurt in the accident.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
【2011广东】2. The first thing _____ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.
A. which B. that C. why D. who
【2011•广州】3.The story__ I read the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers.
A. whose B. who C. that D. where
【2011河北省】4. The teachers came for a visit are foreigners.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
【2011•河南省】5.Tony, tell me the result of the discussion_____ you had with your dad yesterday.
A. what B. which C. when D. who
【2011•福建泉州】6.—Have you seen a woman ________ hat is pink?—Sorry. I didn’t notice that.
A. that B. what C. whose
【2011•甘肃兰州】7. Jane is one of the students in the class have ever been to China.
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
【2011四川德阳】8. The people _____ helped us build our hometown are from Beijing.
A. which B. whom C. who
【2011•四川成都】9. The students in the higher grades I met in a football game are my good friends now.
A. when B. which C. who
【2011贵州贵阳】10. Mary Smith says she likes to have friends_________ are different from her.
A. whose B. which C. who
【2011湖北十堰】11. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________ I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
【2011广东肇庆】12. People from different places come to visit Zhaoqing ______ is famous for its beautiful mountains and lakes.
A. what B. which C. who
【2011湖南长沙】13. ---What are you looking for? ---I’m looking for the book ________ you lent me yesterday. A. that B. who C. whose
【2011•贵州铜仁】14. Li Mei is the student _________ handwriting is the best in our class.
A. whose B. whom C. who D. that
【2011•江苏扬州】15. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ________ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake.
A. what B. who C. that D. /
【2011浙江衢州】16.The photos successfully show the rich culture ___makes Beijing so famous.
A. what B. which C. who D. why
【2011四川内江】17. I'm going to start a club to help students _____ are not interested in schoolwork.
A. whose B. who C. whom
【2011山东临沂】18. Peter likes music _________is very loud and energetic.
A. that B. who C. whom D. /
【2011浙江杭州】19. Who is the man ______ is reading a book over there?
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
【2011山东滨州】20. I hate people _________don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
【2011山东菏泽】26. I’ ll never forget the day_____ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
【2011浙江湖州】21.— What kind of movies do you like? — I like the movies ____ are about Chinese history.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
【2011广东河源】22.I hate those ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. what D. where
【2011湖南岳阳】23.I can’t forget the time the earthquake happened in Yushu.
A. when B. which C. where
【2011广西南宁】24. My grandparents like to live in a house ______ is not very big but bright and comfortable.
A. that B. who C. what D. whose
【2011广西梧州】25. –Do you know the boy ___ is standing under the tree?-- Yes, he is my friend, Peter.
A. what B. who C. whom D. whose
【2011广东清远】26. Have you read the book _____ is about the moon?
A. what B. it C. / D. which
【2011广西百色】27.The policeman caught the thief ______ has stolen Mr. Li’s computer.
A. which B. whose C. whom D. who
【2011广西桂林】28. The basketball ________ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.
A. that B. where C. who D. when
【2011呼和浩特】29. ---- Is there anyone here name is Betty?---- Sorry, I don’t know.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
【2011四川达州】30.—Where did you go last week? —I went to Zhang Aiping’s hometown and visited the house he was born in. A. that B. there C. who D. whose
【2011浙江舟山】31. There will be a stamp show in the museum ______ we visited last week.
A. who B. when C. which D. what
【2011•四川广元】32.Have you finished the book___you borrowed from the library?
A. which B. it C. what
【2011广东梅州】33. I hate those ______ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. what D. where
【2011哈尔滨】34. "Get new knowledge by reviewing the old" is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子). He was a great thinker words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today.
A. who B. who's C. whose
【2011海南三亚】35. The first thing ______ we should do is to tell him the mews.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom