中考英语阅读方法 30页

阅读方法 理解一篇文章，首先要明白单词意思，然后是句子，然后是文章主题、篇章结构、作者观点，最后是例子、分析等细节。‎ 首先是单词意思，这个只能靠平时积累词汇，但是也不一定要认识文章中的每个单词，不懂的生词可以从上下文推断。但是有些句子，每个单词的意思都知道，整个句子的意思却一点都读不通。或者每个句子大概意思都明白，但是整篇文章却把握不了。这就需要我们掌握正确的阅读方法。‎ 一、句子——长难句分析 文章中出现套了一层甚至两三层的长难句，会非常影响我们的理解。出现长难句的时候，我们不应慌张，只需要冷静分析句子结构，搞清句子成分之间的关系，就能清晰地梳理整个句子的意思。‎ ‎2011年河南省中考B篇 The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.‎ ‎( ) 52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?‎ ‎ A. In the daytime. B. At the beginning of sleep.‎ ‎ C. At night. D. During the deep sleep.‎ Ÿ 阅读在句子层面的障碍 ‎1.含义的理解 ‎2.语序的确定 句子 ‎1、简单句 ‎2、复合句 简单句是只有一套主谓结构的句子 基本句型5种：‎ ‎1. SVP 主谓 ‎2. SVi 主系表 ‎3. SV+O 主谓宾 ‎4. SV+O1+O2 主谓双宾 ‎5. SV+O+O2 主谓宾补 基本句型 ＋定语 ‎ ＋状语 ‎ ＋同位语 ‎ ＋插入语 ‎－>复杂句 u 定语从句 ‎1. 关系代词引导定语从句: that, which, who, whom, whose( 其中that, which, who, whom引导的是非完整句, whose 引导的是完整句-主干完整)‎ ‎2. 关系连词（非关系副词）: when, where, why在句子中不作成分, 引导的是完整句 ‎3. 介词+关系代词（不会相当于关系副词）: in which, on which , with which, 没有in that(这个只能等同于Because)，此关系代词不包括what This is a desk on which there is a book. 跟完整句，相当于状语。‎ This is Tom with whom I can solve the problem.‎ l 非简单句的障碍来源 如何拆解为若干个简单句的集合 按照什么顺序来理解拆解后的简单句集 l 非简单句的障碍解决方案 n 找关联词 u 关联词 连词 关系代词 标点符号 ——冒号和句号 The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.‎ ‎2011年河南省中考 A篇 When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents.‎ When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do now.‎ I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire.‎ ‎2011年河南省中考B篇 Everyone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.‎ You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you.‎ ‎1. Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport.‎ ‎2. One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.‎ ‎3. It is true that during their explorations they often face difficulties and dangers of most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder(颤栗) at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.‎ n 句子之间的关联方式 u 并列 l 并列连词的用法 并列连词的用法: 并列连词连接结构功能性质均相同的成分----必须完全对等 for and nor but or yet so ‎ u 嵌套 l 常见的复杂句形式 ‎①宾语从句----S+V+THAT+句子(完整句)‎ ‎ S+V+WHAT+句子(非完整句)，引导名词从句 表语从句----S+系动词+表语+句子 ‎②主语从句----That /What+句子+ V ‎③特殊的定语/同位语从句 N+ that +句子+ 同位语(完整句)‎ ‎ 定语从句(非完整句)‎ S + Vi + that+ 句子: The sun rises that is bright.‎ S + be + adj + that + 句子: The desk is clean that is used by the student(定语从句); ‎ The fact is true that Tom is handsome(同位语从句).‎ ‎④状语从句——时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、程度状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句 n 层次化句子阅读方法 u 层次化结构的表示形式 ‎ ‎ ‎ 并列＋嵌套的树形结构 ‎ ‎ 任意非简单句都可以表示成层次化结构。‎ 括号匹配法：关联词——动词——括号——主干 画左括号的条件： 出现连接句子的关联词时：‎ ‎1. (关联词＋非完整句 2. 关联词＋(完整句 画右括号的条件： 1.句子终结 ‎－终结的标点符号(冒号，感叹号，分号，破折号)‎ ‎－后续内容与当前句无关 ‎2.连接句子的并列连词之前或标点符号前 The important position (that best shows your secret personality) is the one that (you go to sleep).‎ ‎2011年河南省中考 A篇 When (my son, Mark, was in the third grade), he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents.‎ When (you help others), I know that (you will feel as good about it) as (I do now).‎ I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and I tell her that (four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets and clothes for the homeless people in the fire).‎ ‎2011年河南省中考B篇 Everyone has got two personalities —the one (that is shown to the world) and the other (that is secret and real).‎ You don’t show your secret personality when (you’re awake) because (you can control yourself), but when (you’re asleep), your sleeping position shows the real you.‎ 练习：‎ ‎2009河南省中考A篇 Can you imagine (what you could have been )if (you had an email)?‎ ‎2009河南省中考B篇 In the UK, most children have their lunches at school, but in some schools, parents can choose (what their children eat).‎ The children can have a school dinner – a hot cooked meal; or they can take a packed lunch with them, (which includes cold food like sandwiches).‎ We used to have a fast food window where (you got chips and coke), but they stopped that this year.‎ There’s a salad restaurant, (which is good), so it’s healthier than it was.‎ ‎2011年河北省中考C篇 Some people come to your life and you know at once that (they were sure to be there).‎ But you know that (every moment they will affect your life in some serious way).‎ Enjoy every day, even every moment and take it from everything (that you possibly can take), for you may never be able to experience it again. ‎ ‎2011年江西省中考A篇 You can guess (how I feel )when （he pointed to a train ）(that was just moving out of the station).‎ ‎2011年江西省中考D篇 I care about you enough to spend an hour making cookies that (you will eat up in 15 minutes if (I let you) ).‎ ‎2011年广西桂林市中考B篇 During his visit, he said that (farmers’ right（权利）must be protected) and he warned(警告) that (no land should ever be taken against a farmer’s will(意愿) ).‎ ‎2011年广西桂林市中考D篇 What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle a larger number of electronic devices (电子产品) as they study.‎ They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table.‎ Similarly, employers (雇主) feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary (没必要) for them to learn special skills to do their work.‎ ‎2011年北京中考A篇 We enjoy talking about the funny things we did when we were children, and tell the same stupid jokes over and over again.‎ Some people may wonder why Linda and I are best friends because we totally different, but I think this is why we are such good friends.‎ ‎2011年北京中考B篇 When they have finished filming and taking photographs for the day, they have dinner and Dereck usually writes while Beverly looks at her photographs.‎ ‎2011年北京中考D篇 If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework.‎ Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.‎ Linguist James Millroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language.‎ And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way.‎ I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.‎ ‎2011年湖北黄冈市中考第1篇 ‎“Earthquakes seem to catch the lives of those who run,” said many survivors in the earthquake areas, describing how their friends were killed on the doorways or along the stair steps as they tried to get out of the building.‎ Take a hiding-place where you are rather than run, unless you are sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds.‎ ‎2011年湖北黄冈市中考第2篇 I must do my best in school because how well I do will influence where I go after this school year is over and it can affect the rest of my life.‎ 篇章结构 阅读考点：‎ ‎1、事实信息 ‎2、主旨内涵 文章分类 ‎1、记叙文——时间、地点、人物、事情 ‎2、议论文——逻辑观点 ‎3、说明文——事实信息 文章结构 顺承式：时间及时间发展线索（线型结构）‎ 分类式：分类方式及类型特征（树型结构）‎ 阅读障碍 慢 ‎ 不准确 解决方案：边读边做笔记 记叙文：时间画横线、地点画波浪线、人物画圈 ‎ 议论文：主旨句画括号 ‎2011年河南省中考 A When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.‎ I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.‎ Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. "You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you," said the woman. "It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no."‎ Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mm-k enjoyed giving them to us.‎ I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.‎ ‎( ) 46. When did the story probably happen?‎ ‎ A. On Christmas Day. B. Before Christmas Day.‎ ‎ C. On New Year’s Day. D. After New Year’s Day.‎ ‎( ) 47. When they got to the supermarket, Mark went in .‎ ‎ A. with the writer B. by himself ‎ C. with the woman D. with his friends ‎( ) 48. What happened to Mark in the supermarket?‎ ‎ A. His gifts were stolen. B. He broke his basket.‎ ‎ C. He lost his money. D. He lost his way.‎ ‎ B ‎ Everyone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.‎ If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You don’t like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.‎ If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. You worry a lot and you’re always easily becoming sad. You never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life the way it is. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.‎ If you sleep on curled up (蜷缩), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. You’re shy and you don’t usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.‎ If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced (平衡的) personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel worried, but you don’t often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry.‎ ‎( ) 52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?‎ ‎ A. In the daytime. B. At the beginning of sleep.‎ ‎ C. At night. D. During the deep sleep.‎ ‎( ) 53. Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends. She probably goes to sleep _______.‎ ‎ A. on curled up B. on her stomach ‎ C. on her back D. on her side ‎( ) 55. What does the passage tell us?‎ ‎ A. Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.‎ ‎ B. Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.‎ ‎ C. Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities.‎ D. Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.‎ 文章主旨题 文章主旨=首段（末段）+关键词 ‎1、The best title for this passage...‎ A When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.‎ I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.‎ Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. "You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you," said the woman. "It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no."‎ Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mm-k enjoyed giving them to us.‎ I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.‎ ‎( ) 50. What’s the best title for this passage?‎ ‎ A. A big supermarket B. A kind woman ‎ C. A happy family D. A wonderful gift ‎2010年河南中考 ‎（ ）50.What is the best title of this passage?‎ ‎ A. My daydream B. My father’s son ‎ C. My famous father D. My happy family ‎2009年河南中考 ‎2008河南中考 B 　　People know the dangers of fires.It’s good for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire.Here are some ‎ suggestions. 　　Put a smoke alarm in the house.Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off.The alarm makes a loud sound.The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once. 　　Make escape(逃脱)plans.They should know all the ways out of the house.If there is a fire,everyone follows the plan to get out.Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily. 　　Buy fire extinguishers(灭火器)in the house.Everyone in the family should know how to use them. 　　Practise for a fire.They do fire practice because they teach children about fire safety.Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules: 　　★Don’t open a hot door!The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door. 　　★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. 　　The best air is near the floor because smoke rises. 　　★What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn?First,stop!Don’t run!The fire burns faster because of more air.Drop! Fall to the floor.Then roll!Turning over and over will make the fire go out.Put a blanket(毯子)around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you. 　　There are many possible causes for fires.A wise family is ready all the time.If there is a fire,don’t forget to call 199 for help. 　(  )55.What is the best title for this passage? 　　A.The Dangers of a Fire. 　　C.Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher. 　　B.The Causes of a Fire. 　　D.Be Ready for a Fire. ‎ ‎2007河南中考 A Farmer John and Farmer Bob were neighbours. For more than 30 years, they had been getting along very well.‎ Then their good relationship broke. It began with a small thing, then bitter words, and then weeks of silence. One morning Farmer John woke up to find a stream between the two farms. “It must be Bob,” John thought.‎ Then one day there was a knock on John’s door. He opened it to find a carpenter(木匠) standing at the doorway. ‎ ‎“I’m looking for a few days’ work,” the carpenter said.‎ ‎“I do have a job for you,” John said. “Look across the stream at that farm. That’s my neighbour Bob. He dug a stream between the two farms. I want you to build a fence—an 8-foot fence. I don’t want to see his place or his face any more. I don’t have such a neighbour!”‎ The carpenter said, “I think I know what to do, sir, and I’ll be able to do a job that pleases you.”‎ Farmer John helped the carpenter get the materials(材料) ready and then he was off for the day.‎ About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer’s eyes opened wide. There was no fence there at all!‎ It was a bridge! And the neighbour, Bob, was coming across, with his hand ‎ outstretched(伸出). “Hi, John! You’re quite a fellow to build this bridge!” ‎ Then they met in the middle, taking each other’s hands. “I’m terribly sorry for what I have said and done. We should be good to each other.” said Farmer Bob. ‎ Then they turned to see the carpenter, who was ready to go. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I have a lot of other jobs for you,” said Farmer John. “I’d love to stay,” the carpenter said, “but I have more bridges to build.”‎ ‎( ) 60. What is the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. What a Big Fence! B. A ‎Strong‎ ‎Bridge ‎ C. Three Kind Men D. A Fence or a Bridge?‎ ‎2011河北省中考 ‎2011年湖北黄冈中考 ‎（1）  I had the meanest mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone when I was sad. My sister and two brothers had the same mean(刻薄的) mother as I did. My mother preferred to know where we were all the time. She had to know who our friends were and where we were going. We had to clean clothes and take a bath every day. The other kids got to wear the same clothes for days. We could not lie in bed “sick” in order to miss school. The worst is yet to come. We had to be in bed by nine each night and get up at eight the next morning. We couldn’t sleep till noon like our friends. So while they slept, my mother was brave to break the Child Labour Law. She made us work. We had to wash dishes, make beds, and learn to cook and all sorts of things at home. I believe she lay awake thinking up all things for us to do.  My mother was a complete failure as a mother. Two of her children received higher education. None of us have ever been arrested(taken away by the police) or divorced. She forced us to grow up into educated and honest adults. I am trying to raise my three children this way. I am filled with pride when my children call me “mean”. Why? Because now I thank God every day for giving me the meanest mother in the world. ‎69. The best title for this passage may be .  A.My childhood B.The meanest mother C.I do as my mother did D.Unforgettable memories ‎ ‎2011年北京中考 D ‎　　My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF ILNY, its gr8.‎ ‎　　Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the "translation" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great.‎ ‎　　Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming（破坏）the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes cxan be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted（面目全非的）.‎ ‎　　Everyone should just relax, say linguists（语言学家）. They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University‎ of ‎Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford‎ ‎University, agrees. "People get better at writing by writing," he says, "Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents."‎ ‎　　Linguist James Millroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become "corrupted"; they simply change to meet the new needs.‎ ‎　　However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, "I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future."‎ ‎　　Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, "I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun"‎ ‎　　60. What can be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎　　A. Netspeak: A Widely-Used Language on Internet ‎　　B. Is Netspeak Harming the English Language?‎ ‎　　C. Is Netspeak Helpful in Language Learning?‎ ‎　　D. Netspeak: Advantages and Disadvantages ‎2、What does the passage tell us? What's the main idea of this passage?‎ ‎ Everyone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.‎ If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You don’t like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.‎ If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. You worry a lot and you’re always easily becoming sad. You never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life the way it is. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.‎ If you sleep on curled up (蜷缩), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. You’re shy and you don’t usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.‎ If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced (平衡的) personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel worried, but you don’t often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry.‎ ‎( ) 55. What does the passage tell us?‎ ‎ A. Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.‎ ‎ B. Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.‎ ‎ C. Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities.‎ D. Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.‎ ‎2009河南中考 ‎2006河南中考 A In one way of thinking, failure is part of life. In another way,failure may be a way towards success. The Spider Story is often told.‎ Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13th century, was hiding in a cavefrom the English. He watched a spider spinning a web(织网). The spidertried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times andsix times he failed. On the ‎ seventh time he made it and went on to spin his web. Bruce is said to have taken heart and to have gone on to defeat(打败) the English… Edison, the inventor of the light bulb(灯泡) made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one.‎ Once he was asked why he kept on trying to make a new type of battery whenhe failed so often. He replied, “Failure? I have no failure. Now I know50,000 ways that won’t work.”‎ So first, always think about your failure. What caused it? Were conditions right? Were you in top form yourself? What can you change sothat things will go right next time?‎ Second is the goal you are to reach the right one. Try to do some thinking about what your real goal may be. Think about this question. “If I do succeed in this, where will it get me? This may help you prevent failure in things you shouldn’t be doing away.”‎ The third thing to bear in mind about failure is that it is part of life, learn to “live with yourself” even though you may have failed.Remember, “You can’t win them all.”‎ ‎( ) 60. What can you learn from the above passage?‎ A. Where there is a will, there is a way.B. Live with yourself.‎ C. The Spider Story is true. D. You can’t win them all.‎ ‎(D)‎ People are so busy these days that many people have no time to cook. This becomes a problem, because most families love home cooking! The food tastes (吃起来) good and warm, and a family meal brings everyone together. In some families, meals are often the only times everyone sees one another at the same time. ‎ Another reason(原因) people enjoy home cooking is that it is often a way of showing love. A parent who makes some cookies (小甜饼) is not just satisfying (满足 ) a child's sweet tooth. She or he is sending a message. The message says, " I care about you enough to spend an hour making cookies that you will eat up in 15 minutes if I let you."‎ There is also something about the smell of home cooking. The smell of home cooking pleases people of all ages. It makes most of us feel good and loved—even if we are the ones doing the cooking! Next time you smell a cake making, stop for a moment and pay attention to(关注) your mood(心情). ‎ ‎74. What's the main(主要)idea of this passage?‎ A. Family meals are important. ‎ B. How to make cookies. ‎ C. People are too busy to cook. ‎ D. Homemade cookies taste better. ‎ 词汇题 ‎→认识： 直接解题，沾边就对。‎ ‎→不认识： 推断： 从词的本身：词根词缀 上下文：因果＼对比＼解释 代入验证 ‎2011年河南中考B篇 If you sleep on curled up (蜷缩), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. You’re shy and you don’t usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.‎ ‎( ) 54. What does the word "defensive" mean in the passage? A. 易怒的 B. 攻击性的 C. 外向的 D. 有戒心的 ‎2009年河南中考 ‎2008年河南中考 A 　　Once there was a baby eagle living in a nest (巢)on a cliff(山崖).The baby eagle loved his nest.It was warm,soft and comfortable.And even better,he had all the food and love that his mother could give.Whenever the baby eagle was hungry,his mother would always come just in time with the delicious food he liked. 　　He was growing happily day after day.But suddenly his world changed.His mother stopped coming to the nest.He was full of sadness and fear.He thought he would die soon.He cried,but nobody heard him. 　　Two days later his mother appeared with some nice food,The baby eagle was wild ‎ with joy.But his mother put the food at the top of the mountain and then looked down at her baby.The baby eagle cried out.“Mum,why did you do this to me?I’m hungry.Don’t you know I will die if I have nothing to eat?” 　　“Here is the last meal I give you.Come and get it by yourself,”his mother said.Then she flew down and pushed the baby eagle out of the nest. 　　The baby eagle fell down,faster and faster.He looked up at his mum,“Why do you abandon me?”He looked down at the earth.The ground was much closer.Then something strange happened.The air caught behind his arms and he began to fly! He wasn’t moving to the ground any more.Instead,his eyes were pointed up at the sun. 　　“You are flying! You can make it!”His mother smiled.‎ ‎(  )49.What does the word “abandon” mean? 　 A.抛弃 　　B.保护　　C.歧视　D.拯救 ‎ ‎2006河南中考 B When American meet with another person, they like to have a kind of conversation they call “small” talk. The most common topic of small talk is the weather. Other common topics are the room or building they are in,‎ the street where they are standing, or their past experiences, such as watching a particular(特别的) TV program, going to New York, or eating at a particular restaurant.There are some topics Americans usually avoid(避免) because they are too personal. For example, you’d better not ask such a question. “How much money do you have each month? ” But what is a personal matter in one country may not be so in another. For example, Americans may ask, “Where do you work? How many children do you have? How large is your house? Have you had a holiday yet?” Such question are not thought by Americans to be too personal. They often ask such questions to learn what you’re both interested in or to begin a conversation. Please understand that such questions are meant to be friendly; the questioner is interested in you; he doesn’t mean to be impolite.‎ ‎( )63.There are some topics Americans usually avoid because they are too personal. The word “personal” here means.‎ A. 自己的 B.人身的 C. 本人的D. 私人的 ‎2005年河南中考 B People often say that an Englishman's home is his castle(城堡). They mean that the home is very important and personal. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than in flats (公寓) and own their homes. They can paint and change them in any way they like. In a crowded city everyone knows that he or she has private space which is only for himself or herself and for invited friends.‎ People usually like to mark(做标记) their space. Are you sitting on a beach or a train or in a library? If you are on the beach you may have spread (撒) your sands around you; on the train you may have put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you; in a library you may have one corner or chair which is your own.‎ Once I was traveling on a train to London. I was in a section(区域) for four people and there was a table between us. The man opposite me had his bag on the table. There was no space on my side of the table at all. I was made rather angry. Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table! I took some newspapers out of my bag and put them on his. When I did this he sat up straight at once, opening his eyes wide. I had invaded(侵占) his space! A few minutes later I took my newspapers off his bag in order to read them. He at once moved his bag to his side of the table.‎ ‎52. The word "private" in the first paragraph means”________” in Chinese.‎ A．私人的 B．公共的 c．相邻的 D．隐蔽的 Leaves are nature's food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots. They take a gas called carbon dioxide(CO2) from the air. Plants use sunlight to turn water and CO2 into glucose. Glucose is a kind of sugar. Plants use glucose as food for energy to grow. The way plants turn water and CO2 into glucose is called photosynthesis. That means "putting together with light.” A chemical called chlorophyll helps make photosynthesis happen. Chlorophyll is green. It gives plants their green color.As summer ends and autumn comes, the days get shorter and shorter. This is how the trees "know" to begin getting ready for winter.‎ During winter, there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis. The trees will rest, and live on the food they have stored during the summer. They begin to close their food—making factories. The green chlorophyll disappears from the leaves. Then, we begin to see yellow and orange colors. A few of these colors stay in the leaves all the time. We just can't see them in the summer, because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll.‎ Red and purple colours we see in leaves are made mostly in the autumn. In some trees, like maples(枫树)，glucose is stored in the leaves after photosynthesis stops. Sunlight and the cool nights of autumn turn this glucose into red. The brown color of trees like oaks(橡树) is made from wastes left in the leaves.‎ ‎61. The word "chlorophyll" in the first paragraph means________in Chinese.‎ A．叶绿素 B．氧气 C．胡萝卜素 D．蛋白质 ‎2011河北省中考C篇 Sometimes people come into your life and you know at once that they were sure to be there. They serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson and help you to find out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be: your classmate, neighbor, teacher, long-lost friend or even a real stranger. But you know that every moment they affect(影响) your life in some serious way.‎ Sometimes things happen to you. At the time you may seem terrible, painful(痛苦的) and unfair. But later you realize that without getting over that difficulties you would have never realized further ability and strength. Everything happens for a reason and nothing happens by chance or with good or bad luck.‎ The people you meet affect your life, and the successes and failure you experience, create who you are. Even bad experience can be learned from. In fact, they are the most poignant and important one.‎ Enjoy every day, even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people you have never talked to before, and really listen. You should set your sights high, hold your head up, tell yourself you are a great one and believe in yourself. ‎ You can make you life anything you wish. Create your own life and go out and live it.‎ ‎68. The underlined word “poignant” in the passage means “_____”.‎ A.平淡的 B.明显的 C.深刻的 D.艰苦的 ‎2011年广西省桂林市中考 D Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered (考虑，认为) a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.‎ What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle a larger number of electronic devices (电子产品) as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a large amount of time in fruitless efforts (努力) as they multitask.‎ Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people give so much attention to their own worlds, they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table.‎ Multitasking also has an effect (影响) on young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinions of the effects of modern gadgets (器具) on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive (肯定的) response (回应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers (雇主) feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern ‎ gadgets have made it unnecessary (没必要) for them to learn special skills to do their work. ‎ ‎71. What does the underlined word “juggle” most probably mean?‎ A. Want to buy. B. Use at the same time.‎ C. Take the place of. D. Search information from.‎ ‎2011年湖北省黄冈市中考 ‎（2）  The building is shaking. A woman with a baby in her arms is trying to open the door, but fails. Finding no way, she rushes into her bedroom and there they survive the earthquake.  In a factory building, as the workshop floor swings under the terrible shaking, workers run for safety. Some hide(隐藏) under the machines and survive , but others who try to run outside are killed by the falling ceilings. These scenes, played by actors and actresses, are from a film of science education 《Making a Split Second Decision》 shown in 1998 on China Central TV in memory of Tangshan Earthquake.‎ By studying actual cases in the earthquake areas and scientific experiments, experts(专家)find that buildings remain untouched for the first 12 seconds of an earthquake. In this short time, one has the best chance of surviving an earthquake by staying near the inside walls, in bedrooms and under beds, experts concluded in the film. “Earthquakes seem to catch the lives of those who run,” said many survivors in the earthquake areas, describing how their friends were killed on the doorways or along the stair steps as they tried to get out of the building. Their advice was proved in the film, “Take a hiding-place where you are rather than run, unless you are sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds.” ‎ ‎70. The word “survive” appears in the passage several times. It probably means in Chinese.‎ A.遇难 B.幸存 C.恐惧 D.摇晃 ‎ 句子插入题 句子插入的逻辑链 关联词 ‎ 重复信息 ‎ 指代关系 ‎2011年河南中考 ‎ D ‎ You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to tell you something important during your reading.‎ ‎ You shouldn’t mark a book which isn’t yours. 61 D. People who lend you books expect you to keep them clean. If you think it useful to mark books, you will have to buy them.‎ ‎ There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is to get the right by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself. 62 E. The best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.‎ ‎ There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the best sellers -- unread and untouched. The second has a great many books. 63 B. But most of them are as clean as the day they were bought. The third has a few dog-eared (翻折的) books, which are marked from front to back.‎ ‎ Why is marking a book necessary? First, it keeps you awake. In the second place, reading is thinking. 64 C. And thinking can express itself in words, spoken or written.The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the writer expressed.‎ ‎ If reading is to learn anything more than passing time, it must be active. The book you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But for a great book, rich in ideas, reading must be active. 65 A. You can’t let your eyes move across the lines. You should come up with an understanding of what you have read.‎ ‎2011年广西桂林中考 C A hobby can be almost anything that a person likes to do in his spare time. Hobbyists raise pets, watch birds, paint pictures, play the piano and grow flowers. 66 D. They also go to concerts, climb mountains, go fishing, skate and swim. They collect everything from books to butterflies and from boxes to stamps.‎ ‎ People take up hobbies because these activities offer enjoyment, friendship and relaxation. Hobbies help people relax after a long time of hard work, and provide a balance (平衡) between work and play. Hobbies offer interesting activities for the old. Some hobbies can make a child grow as a person, develop his interest and help him learn new skills. 67 B. Hobbies can also help a patient to keep healthy.Doctors have found that hobbies are useful in helping patients (病人) recover (恢复) from illness. Hobbies give patients who can’t move around something to do, and provide interests that keep them from thinking about themselves. Many hospitals treat (治疗) patients by having them take up interesting hobbies. 68 E. Anyone, old or young, sick or well, rich or poor, can follow a good hobby, in spite of his age, health or money.‎ In early times, most people were too busy making a living to have many hobbies. But some persons who had spare time did enjoy hobbies. 69 C. The ancient Egyptians played games with balls made of wood .People today have more time than ever before for hobbies. Machines have now reduced much time that people must spend on their jobs. 70 A. More people retire at an earlier age than before. Those who have developed hobbies never need to worry about what to do with their newly-found free time hours.‎ ‎ Sir William Osler, a famous Canadian doctor expressed the value (价值) of hobbies by saying, “No man is really happy or safe without a hobby.”‎ ‎ ‎ ‎.‎ ‎2011年北京中考 ‎　　Kenny and Bobbi McCaughey live in Iowa. They have a big family. Mikayla is the oldest child in the family. She is six years old. The other children are Brandon, Joe, Kelsey, Kenney, Natalie, Alexis and Nathan. They are all five years old. Why are they all the same age? ______ (61). They are septuplets!‎ ‎　　It is hard work to look after seven babies at the same time. ______ (62). In the beginning, many people helped them. They helped to feed, clean, and dress the babies. Every week , the septuplets used about 170 diapers(尿布)!______ (63).‎ Now the children are older. The septuplets started school this year. But they go to school at home, like their big sister, Mikayla. When Mikayla was ready for school, Kenny and Bobbi decided to teach her at home.______ (64).Now Bobbi is the teacher for all eight of her children.‎ A. They drank a lot of milk, too.‎ B. Because they were born together.‎ C. Last year, Bobbi was Mikayla’s teacher.‎ D. Kenny and Bobbi are interested in cooking.‎ E. But Kenny and Bobbi didn’t look after them alone.‎ 选标题 ‎2009年河南中考 ‎2008年河南中考 ‎61.Your best chance of success is by doing what you really want to do.Ask yourself,“If money were not so important,what kind of work would I do for free?”Then just do what you like to do.‎ ‎62.Think about what you are going to do.You have to start somewhere and it may be quite a real beginning.Whether you are beginning in business or you’re dreaming to be a star,you have to start at the bottom.‎ ‎63.Great ambition(目标)is necessary. An English student called Richard Branson opened a student magazine when he was only 16 years old.But he didn’t stop there.He also opened a record business with many shops,and now his company has planes,trains and cars.‎ ‎64.The only people who succeed without hard work are lottery (彩票)winners.You need a “can do”attitude(态度)and you must work step by step,which will help you get what you really want.You are on the right way to win the success.‎ ‎65.If you always say someone is successful,it doesn’t mean anything to you.Learn from those who have already succeeded in something.especially where they do the same as you want to do A.Think big B.Start small C.Follow the leaders D.Find the work you love E.Be prepared to work hard 完形填空 I like all kinds of chocolate, especially bitter chocolate. So when Mother had bought one, I couldn’t help thinking about 36 . （A. him B. her C. it D. this）‎ I was helping Father in the yard when suddenly I got an idea. I could cut a piece 37 （A. off B. into C. on D. along）that chocolate without anyone knowing it.‎ I waited 38 （A. while B. after C. since D. until） Mother went outside feeding the chickens. Then I told Father I wanted to go for a drink of water. I went into the room and got the 39 （A. water B. chocolate C. chicken D. shirt down）. Just when I had the knife ready to cut, I heard Mother coming. So I had to put the chocolate 40 （A. silently B. easily C. slowly D. quickly） into my shirt,‎ went to my mom and 41 （A. hid B. ate C. held D. returned ）the chocolate there. And then I went back to 42 （A. tell B. help C. find D. call）Father.‎ All the rest of the afternoon, I didn’t dare to look at Father. Every time he spoke, it made me jump. My hands began shaking and my heart started 43 （A. falling B. breaking C. beating D. jumping） fast. I didn’t want the chocolate any more. I 44 （A. still B. hardly C. just D. never ）wanted to get a chance to put it back.‎ Have you ever had a similar 45（A.experience B.excuse C.mistake D.moment）?‎