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中考英语毕节总复习语法专题讲义专题7 形容词和副词

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专题七 形容词和副词 毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势 近五年毕节中考考情分析 ‎2019年毕节中考命题预测 年份 考查角度 考查重点 题号 分值 预计2019年毕节中考形容词和副词的考查仍是高频考点,倾向于考查形容词和副词的相关用法辨析,主要以单项填空、完形填空、短文改错的形式出现,考查的小题数约3—4道。‎ ‎2019‎ 形容词和副词的比较等级及形近词辨析 as+形容词/副词原级+as的用法;interested与interesting的用法区别 ‎27‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2019‎ 形近词辨析 bored与boring的用法区别 ‎24‎ ‎ 1‎ 形容词和副词的比较等级 在语境中理解副词比较级的用法(句末有in our class范围提示)‎ ‎28‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 形容词和副词的比较等级 the+比较级,the+比较级的用法 ‎22‎ ‎ 1‎ 形容词和副词的混合辨析 区别形容词和副词在句中的用法 ‎30‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词最高级的用法 ‎27‎ ‎ 1‎ 毕节中考考点突破 ‎ 形容词词义辨析和形容词短语 ‎1.形容词的用法及位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。‎ 作定语,放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。如:‎ The beautiful girl is my friend.这个漂亮的女孩是我朋友。‎ 注意:(1)有少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语,如alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alive,well等。‎ ‎(2)作表语,放在系动词之后。如:‎ He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。‎ ‎(3)作宾补,放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。如:‎ You must keep your eyes open.你必须睁开眼睛。‎ ‎2.同根形容词辨析及相关的形容词短语 ‎ing ‎ed 相关短语 interesting interested be interested in 对……感兴趣 exciting excited be excited about 对……感到 兴奋 续表 ‎ing ‎ed 相关短语 surprising surprised be surprised at 对……感到吃惊 pleasing pleased be pleased with 对……感到满意 tiring tired be tired of 对……感到厌烦 worrying worried be worried about 为……担心 boring bored be bored with 对……感到厌烦 relaxing relaxed be relaxed about 对……感到放松 单项填空。‎ ‎( C )1.(2019宜昌中考)—How are you getting on with your cousin?‎ ‎—Very well.He is really ______ and joins in all kinds of activities in his spare time.‎ A.polite B.strict C.active D.careful ‎( A )2.(2019长春中考)My little brother is a tidy boy.He always keeps his room ______.‎ A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned ‎ 副词词义辨析 ‎1.副词的作用 副词是表示行为特征或状态特征的词。主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如:‎ Sometimes we're very busy.我们有时候很忙。‎ ‎2.副词的构成 构成 例词 与形容词同形 low,fast,late,early,much,deep,little,hard,only,back,just,well,enough 形容词后直接加ly sad—sadly;polite—politely 辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加ly happy—happily;angry—angrily 辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y simple—simply;terrible—terribly 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加ly true—truly ‎  3.副词的分类和位置 分类 位置 例词 时间副词 一般放在句尾,也可放在句首 now现在;then那时;today今天;before以前;soon很快;once曾经;以前;at first首先;at once立刻 频度副词 放在行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后 twice两次;sometimes有时;weekly每周;every day每天;always总是;usually经常;often经常;never从不 地点副词 一般放在句尾 here这儿;there那儿;behind后边;everywhere每个地方 方式副词 一般放在动词(及其宾语)之后,有时也可放在动词之前 well好地;fast快速地;hard难地;happily快乐地;loudly大声地;luckily幸运地;politely礼貌地;quickly快速地;really真正地 程度副词 放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前,情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。enough修饰形容词或副词时须后置 quite相当;rather相当;very非常;much许多;a lot许多;a little一点;a bit少量;enough足够;hardly几乎不;almost差不多 疑问副词 通常置于句首 疑问副词有when,where,why,how,how long,how soon,how often,how far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。‎ 关系副词 用来引导宾语从句,放在句中 关系副词有when,where,why,how等,关系副词常用来引导从句。‎ 单项填空。‎ ‎( A )1.(2019滨州中考)I could ______ control my feelings at the moment.The song brought back so many childhood memories.‎ A.hardly B.really C.clearly D.nearly ‎( C )2.(2019随州中考)It was late.She opened the door ______ because she didn't want to wake up her parents.‎ A.heavily B.loudly C.quietly D.angrily ‎ 形容词和副词的混合辨析 ‎1.常见的形容词及其相应的副词形式:‎ 形容词 词义 副词 词义 good 好的 well 好地 happy 开心的 happily 开心地 heavy 重的 heavily 沉重地 strong 强大的 strongly 强有力地 easy 简单的 easily 简单地 careful 仔细的 carefully 仔细地 quick 快的 quickly 快地 simple 简单的 simply 简单地 ‎  2.有些副词有两种形式,其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加ly,但意义有区别。‎ 单词 词性&词义 单词 词性&词义 close adj./adv.近的(地)‎ closely adv.密切地 high adj./adv.高的(地)‎ highly adv.高度地 free adj./adv.免费的(地)‎ freely adv.自由地 late adj./adv.晚,迟 lately adv.近来 deep adj./adv.深的(地)‎ deeply adv.深刻地 near adj./adv.邻近的(地)‎ nearly adv.几乎,将近 hard adj./adv.努力的(地)‎ hardly adv.几乎不 most adj./adv.最 mostly adv.主要地 wide adj./adv.宽阔的(地)‎ widely adv.广泛地 单项填空。‎ ‎( C )1.(2019宿迁中考)—It's reported that selfdriving cars are expected to change the way we move around.‎ ‎—That sounds ______.‎ A.bad B.badly C.great D.greatly ‎( B )2.(2019青岛中考)Allen always behaves ______,so many people like him.‎ A.easily B.politely C.friendly D.lively ‎ 形容词和副词的比较等级 ‎1.形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 ‎(1)规则变化 规则变化 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加er,est tall→taller→tallest 以不发音的字母e结尾的词 加r,st large→larger→largest 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词 先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er,est big→bigger→biggest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i,再加er,est easy→easier→easiest 其他双音节词和多音节词及分词形容词 比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful ‎(2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good,well better best bad,badly,ill worse worst many,much more most little less least far farther指距离;‎ further指程度 farthest指距离;furthest指程度 old older 指岁数大,东西旧;elder指年纪较长的 oldest指岁数大,东西旧;eldest指年纪较长的 ‎2.形容词、副词比较级和最高级以及原级的运用 句型 含义 例句 A…+as+原级+as+B ‎ A 与B一样 This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.这本书和那一本几乎一样厚。‎ 续表 句型 含义 例句 A…+not+as/so+原级+as+B A 不如B This village isn't as/so big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。‎ 比较级+than 比……更(两者比较) ‎ The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。‎ 比较级+and+比较级(用于单音节词) ‎ 越来越……‎ She is growing fatter and fatter.她越来越胖了。‎ more and more+原级(用于多音节词) ‎ Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家正变得越来越美好。‎ the+比较级……,the+比较级……‎ 越……,就 越……‎ The better I know him,the more I like him.我越了解他,就越喜欢他。‎ less+原级+than 不如……(两者比较) ‎ This room is less beautiful than that one.这个房间没有那个房间漂亮。‎ the+比较级+of the two 两者中更……‎ Jim is the taller of the two.在他们两人中,吉姆更高。‎ the+ 最高级+of/in+比较的范围 ‎……中最……(三者及以上比较) ‎ I am the earliest in my class every day.我每天都是我们班最早到的。‎ one of the+ 最高级+名词复数 最……之一(三者及以上比较) ‎ This is one of the most expensive cars in the world.这是世界上最贵的车之一。‎ the+ 序数词+ 最高级+ 名词单数 ‎ 第几最……(三者及以上比较) ‎ Shanghai is the first largest city in China. 上海是中国第一大城市。‎ ‎  注意:(1)比较级前可用下列修饰语:even=still更;much更;a little=a bit有点;a lot很;three times三倍;far更等。如:‎ The boy is much taller than before.这个男孩比以前更高了。‎ ‎(2)very,quite,rather,too,enough,so可以修饰原级。如:‎ This trip is very interesting.这趟旅行非常有趣。‎ 单项填空。‎ ‎( B )1.(2019河南中考)—Why don't you get yourself a job?‎ ‎—That's ______ said than done.‎ A.easy B.easier C.the easier D.the easiest ‎( B )2.(2019预测)Jack is talented in sports.He can play basketball as ______ as his brother.‎ A.good B.well C.better D.best ‎( D )3.(2019毕节中考模拟)Peter is ______ boy in our class and he often helps us carry heavy things.‎ A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.the strongest ‎ 形近词辨析 常见形近词如下:‎ quiet(adj.)安静的 quite(adv.)相当 clear(adj.)清楚的 clean(adj.)干净的 lonely(adj.)孤独的 alone(adv.)独自地 alive(adj.)活着的 lively(adj.)充满活力的 lovely(adj.)可爱的 likely(adj.)可能的 fill(v.)使……充满 full(adj.)满的,充满的 except(prep.)除外 expect(v.)期望 单项填空。‎ ‎( B )1.(易错题)He lives ______,but he never feels ______.‎ A.lonely;alone B.alone;lonely C.alone;alone D.lonely;lonely ‎( C )2.(原创题)Please be ______.The baby is sleeping.‎ A.quite B.quilt C.quiet D.queen ‎ 与形容词、副词相关的改错 ‎1.形容词与副词的相互误用 形容词与副词的相互误用有以下几种情况:修饰句子应该用副词而误用成形容词(毕节2019.68);修饰动词应用副词而误用为形容词(毕节2019.81、2019.78);作表语应该用形容词而误用为副词(毕节2019.82)。要解决此类题型,首先要明确错误处该用形容词还是副词,然后要掌握常考形容词与副词的基本含义及用法,最后根据画线单词在句中所作的成分来改正。‎ ‎2.同根形容词的误用(毕节2019.84)‎ 同根形容词的误用考查的是以ed结尾的形容词和以ing结尾的形容词的用法区别。以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人,而以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物。要解决此类题型,首先要掌握常考ed形容词与ing形容词的区别;其次,分析画线单词的具体用法并改正。‎ ‎3.同根副词的误用(毕节2019.74)‎ 同根副词的误用主要考查同一词根的副词不同词义的误用,如hard与hardly的误用。做此类题,学生需要首先掌握画线单词的基本含义,然后通读上下文,根据语境判断该词在句子中的具体含义。‎ ‎4.形容词误用为名词(毕节2019.80)‎ 形容词误用为名词考查的是当画线词前有副词修饰时用形容词而不用名词。首先应该分析句意,然后分析画线词,确定应该使用的词性。‎ ‎5.形容词短语的搭配错误(毕节2019.79)‎ 此类错误包括形容词与介词搭配的短语中介词的漏用。解答此类题型,学生需要积累更多形容词短语。‎ ‎6.比较等级的误用(毕节2019.75)‎ 比较等级的误用考查比较等级结构的用法错误,如“比较级+比较级”结构的误用,也可能涉及“the+比较级,the+比较级”的误用。解决此类题型,学生需要分析画线处是否考查比较级,然后判断考查比较级的哪一种用法或句型,最后根据比较级的具体用法改正。‎ 句子改错。‎ ‎1.We are all surprise that such a little girl speaks English so well.__surprised__‎ ‎2.In order to pass the exam,you need to work much hardest now.__harder__‎ ‎3.Many people are fond ∧ Chinese paper cuttings.‎ ‎ __of__‎ ‎4.(原创题)People in the village are trying their best to make their hometown better and good.__better__‎ ‎5.Final,he found a bottle under the tree.__Finally__‎ 毕节中考题例及解析 单项填空。‎ ‎(   )1.(2019毕节中考)English is as ______ as Chinese.‎ A.interesting B.more interesting C.more interested D.interested ‎【解析】考查形容词的比较等级及形近词辨析。句意:英语和语文一样有趣。interested表示“觉得有趣的”,通常修饰人;interesting表示“让人觉得有趣的”,通常修饰物。as+形容词原级+as,意为“和……一样……”,故选A。‎ ‎(   )2.(2019毕节中考)He feels ______ because he finds the movie is ______.‎ A.bored;bored B.boring;bored C.boring;boring D.bored;boring ‎【解析】考查语境理解及形近词辨析。句意:他感觉到厌烦,因为他发现电影很无聊。bored表示“觉得厌烦的”,通常修饰人;boring表示“让人觉得厌烦的”,通常修饰物。结合语境,故选D。‎ ‎(   )3.(2019毕节中考)Bob sings ______ in our class.‎ A.better B.best C.good D.well ‎【解析】考查副词最高级的用法。句意:鲍勃在我们班上唱得最好。better更好,比较级形式;best最好,最高级形式;good好的,形容词的原级;well好地,副词的原级。本句in our class有范围提示,在班上所有学生中作比较,用最高级形式,故选B。‎ ‎(   )4.(2019毕节中考)The harder you study,the ______ knowledge you will know.‎ A.much B.more C.little D.less ‎【解析】考查形容词比较级的用法。句意:你学习越努力,你就会获得更多的知识。“the+比较级,the+比较级”,表示越……越……,设空处应填much的比较级more。故选B。‎ ‎(   )5.(2019毕节中考)—Do you know Lang Lang?‎ ‎—Of course.He is a famous pianist and he plays the piano ______.‎ A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.beautifully D.more beautifully ‎【解析】考查形容词和副词的辨析。句意:——你知道郎朗吗?——当然。他是一位著名的钢琴家,他弹琴弹得很好。本题未进行比较,用原级;修饰行为动词play,需用副词。故选C。‎ ‎(   )6.(2019毕节中考)—______ the population of China?‎ ‎—1.3 billion.Everyone knows China has the ______ population in the world.‎ A.What are;most B.What is;largest C.How many are;most D.How many are;largest ‎【解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。句意:——中国的人口是多少?——13亿。每个人都知道中国是世界上人口最多的国家。根据in the world以及定冠词the,可知第二个空是最高级形式,人口多用large表示,large的最高级为largest。故选B。‎ 考 点 抢 测 ‎ 形容词词义辨析和形容词短语 单项填空。‎ ‎( C )1.(2019安徽中考)The speaker showed some ______ examples to make the science report easy to understand.‎ A.awful B.stupid C.proper D.thick ‎( B )2.(2019东营中考)The 119 passengers are ______ Liu Chuanjian.Without him,they would probably have lost their lives.‎ A.hard on B.thankful to C.friendly to D.responsible for ‎ 副词词义辨析 单项填空。‎ ‎( A )1.(2019南京中考)Millie ______ missed the train this afternoon.It started to leave right after she got on it.‎ A.almost B.already C.really D.seldom ‎( D )2.(2019襄阳中考)—Listen! It's raining ______ outside.‎ ‎—Wow,look! The yard is full of rainwater now!‎ A.strongly B.hardly C.greatly D.heavily ‎( B )3.(新信息题)—Have you watched the TV play the Rise of Phoenixes(《天盛长歌》)?‎ ‎—No,I haven't.I've______ heard of it.‎ A.usually B.never ‎ C.often D.always ‎( A )4.(2019东营中考)—What's the English word for the Chinese food jiaozi?‎ ‎—You can ______ say “jiaozi”.It has been added to the Oxford English Dictionary.‎ A.just B.even C.still D.hardly ‎ 形容词和副词的混合辨析 单项填空。‎ ‎( A )1.(2019铜仁中考)—Look!It is raining ______.‎ ‎—That's right.The rain is too ______ to go shopping.‎ A.heavily;heavy B.heavily;heavily C.heavy;heavy D.heavy;heavily ‎( C )2.(原创题)With a height of 2.06 meters,an 11yearold boy in China is ______ to be the tallest primary school student in the world.‎ A.possible B.probable C.likely D.probably ‎( B )3.(新信息题)The Wuhan Marathon was held ______ in April,2019.‎ A.successful B.successfully C.great D.beautifully ‎ 形容词和副词的比较等级 单项填空。‎ ‎( D )1.(2019滨州中考)—Home is ______ place wherever you go.‎ ‎—Yes.There's no place like home.‎ ‎ A.warm B.warmer C.warmest D.the warmest ‎( C )2.(2019武威中考)After two years' physical training,he was ______ and healthier.‎ A.weaker B.longer C.stronger D.shorter ‎( A )3.(2019黔东南中考)______ you practice,______ you will be at math.‎ A.The more;the better B.The more;the best C.The most;the better D.The most;the best ‎ 形近词辨析 单项填空。‎ ‎( B )1. (2019预测)Tom is a boy ______ of humor.You won't be bored when you stay with him.‎ A.filled B.full C.fall D.fell ‎( A )2. (易错题)He is the only person ______ in his family after the earthquake.‎ A.alive B.living C.live D.lively ‎ 与形容词、副词相关的改错 句子改错。‎ ‎1.I can't hear you clear.Speak loudly,please.‎ ‎__clearly__‎ ‎2.(原创题)It's warmth here in winter,so I like it.‎ ‎__warm__‎ ‎3.(原创题)If everyone plays a part in saving the earth,the world will be best.__better__‎ ‎4.More and more foreigners are interesting in Chinese culture.__interested__‎