江苏中考英语时态总结 5页

时态的一般用法 1. 一般现在时 ‎ ‎①表示经常性或习惯性的动作. We always care for each other and help each other. ‎ ‎②表示现在存在的状态。 The Yangtze River rises in Qinghai. ‎ ‎③表示自然规律、科学事实、客观存在、谚语格言等，Light travels faster than sound.‎ ‎2．现在进行时：表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。‎ ‎ He’s showing a foreign guest round the city.‎ ‎ We’re practising spoken English this week.‎ ‎3．一般将来时：‎ 表示将要发生的动作或情况。 When will you be able to give us an answer?‎ ‎4．一般过去时 ‎①表示过去已发生的但与现在没关系的事情，动作或情况(包括习惯性动作)。‎ ‎ He worked in the factory for 3 years.‎ ‎ ②表示过去经常发生的或习惯性动作。‎ ‎ She often came to help us. ‎ ‎ ③常用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等情况。‎ ‎ When did the accident happen?‎ ‎5．现在完成时 ‎ ‎①表示过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作，强调对现在的影响。‎ ‎ We have lived separately since last year. ‎ ‎②某些表示时间的词汇或短语常与现在完成时连用。如：lately，so far，in/over/for the past/last few year等。 ‎ ‎ I haven’t had enough sleep lately.‎ ‎ The scientist is doing experiments no one has so far attempted.‎ ‎6．过去进行时 ‎ ‎ ①表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。 What were you doing at nine last night? ‎ ‎ ②常用过去进行时来描述故事发生的背景。One day，we were walking along a road....Suddenly....‎ ‎7．过去完成时 ‎ ‎ ①表示过去某时间之前已完成的动作(即“过去的过去”)。‎ ‎ By the end of June we had treated 30,000 patients. ‎ ‎ ②在主从复合句中，如果一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前，这一动作要用过去完成时。‎ ‎ When I woke up，it had already stopped raining.‎ ‎8．过去将来时 ‎ ‎ ①表示从过去某时看将来要发生的事情。‎ ‎ The time was not far off when he would regret this decision. ‎ ‎ ②表示过去习惯性的动作。‎ ‎ Whenever he had time，he would help them in their work.‎ ‎9．现在完成进行时 ‎ ‎ ①表示一直持续到现在，还可能进行下去的动作。‎ ‎ How long has it been raining? ‎ ‎ ②表示某动作持续时间太长，有令人疲劳或厌倦等含义。‎ ‎ I have been sitting here all afternoon.‎ ‎10．过去完成进行： 表示过去某时间之前一直进行的动作。‎ ‎ It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water.‎ ‎11．将来进行时：表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。‎ ‎ I won’t be free on Friday morning. I’ll be seeing a friend off.‎ ‎12．将来完成时：表示将来某时已完成的动作。‎ ‎ By this time next year we’ll have turned all the land into rice fields 时态的特殊用法 ‎1.一般现在时：①表示按计划、规定、安排要发生的动作，主要指由时刻表、日程表规定循环进行的动作。‎ ‎ When does the train stop at Jinan?‎ ‎ ②在时间、条件、让步状语从句中要用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。‎ ‎ I’ll write to her when I have time.‎ ‎ I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose.‎ ‎ ③make sure，take care，mind，it doesn’t matter，I don’t care后跟that从句时，从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。‎ ‎ We must take care that no one sees us. It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday.‎ ‎3．一般将来时：①表示倾向性动作。‎ ‎ This machine won’t work. 机器不能运转了。‎ ‎ What’s the matter with the pen？The ink won’t come out. 钢笔怎么啦？墨水不出了。‎ ‎ ②表示临时的决定、即刻的打算。‎ ‎ “I hear Wang Ling is ill in hospital.” “Then I’ll go to see her.”‎ ‎4．一般过去时： ①I didn’t know，I didn’t mean，I thought等表示“原来不知道”“本没想”“原以为”。 Sorry，but I didn’t mean to hurt you. ‎ ‎ ②用于虚拟语气中It is time that we went to bed.‎ 固定句式或结构中的动词语态 ‎1.This/It is the first/second time＋that从句。that从句中用现在完成时。‎ ‎ 如把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。‎ ‎ This is the first time I have come here.‎ ‎ It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.‎ ‎ 2．It is/has been＋一段时间＋since 从句。since从句中用一般过去时。‎ 如 把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。‎ ‎ It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.‎ ‎ 3．was/were about to do...when... 意为“将要做……(这时)突然……”。‎ ‎ I was about to go out when the telephone rang.‎ ‎1.一般过去时与现在完成时 ‎ ①一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或情况，与现在没有什么联系，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时则表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与for或since短语连用。‎ ‎ I didn’t see her last week. 我上周没有见到她。‎ ‎ I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。‎ ‎ ②人们在谈论一个话题时，常常用现在完成时提出该话题，然后用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等。‎ ‎ “I have got a headache.” “No wonder. You worked in front of that computer too long.”‎ ‎ “Have you shown him around the museum yet？”“Yes. We had a great time there.”‎ ‎③一般过去时、现在完成时都可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。区别是：一般过去时表示某动作曾持续一段时间，但在过去某个时间就已终止；现在完成时则表示某动作一直持续到现在，还没有终止。‎ I have lived in London for many years，and I’ve got used to the life there.‎ I lived in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.‎ 被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者 小窍门： 我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成：‎ ‎ be + 及物动词的过去分词 表示时态 表示被动 ‎ 要变化 不变化 ‎1.被动语态的构成 一般现在时：am/is/are done 一般过去时：was/were done 一般将来时：shall/will be done 过去将来时：should/would be done 现在进行时：am/is/are being done 过去进行时：was/were being done 现在完成时：has/have been done 过去完成时：had been done ‎1.主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V]‎ 这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。 ‎ 如：The children are playing happily. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。‎ ‎2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O] ‎ 如：The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。‎ ‎3. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P] 该句型谓语动词为连系动词。‎ 常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如：‎ ‎①He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。‎ ‎②The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。‎ ‎4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO]‎ 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”常见的双宾语结构：‎ bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.) ‎ hand sb. sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb) ‎ lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb) ‎ return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb) ‎ show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) ‎ write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb ) ‎ do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb ) ‎ make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb) ‎ sing sb sth (sing sth for sb ) ‎ ‎ 这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如：‎ ‎①My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。‎ ‎②I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把盐递给他。‎ ‎5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC]‎ 如：We must keep our school clean. 我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。‎