中考英语冲刺之阅读理解推理判断及猜测词义 22页

阅读理解之推理题及猜测词义辅导讲义 主 题 阅读理解之推理判断及猜测词义 教学内容 一、 命题方式及解题技巧 A．推理判断题 既要求考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求考生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式提问：‎ What can you conclude（下结论）from this passage?‎ What's the author's attitude（态度）towards…？‎ Which statement is (not) true? ‎ What can you infer from the passage？ ‎ 推断题出题陷阱：‎ Ø 文章中没有提及，纯属主观臆断。‎ Ø 是文章中的直接内容，不是根据推理得出的。‎ Ø 符合常识，但是不是文章所要表达的内容。‎ 与文章内容相反。‎ 解题技巧：‎ 做这类题要求考生在阅读的同时．抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步加强理解，抓住实质性的东西。如：‎ A man, dressed as a countryman. was walking along the street of a large city. He was carrying a small parcel.It was wrapped up carefully.It had a name and an address on it.There was also some writing which said it had l,000- dollars inside. The countryman was looking this way and that. He was certainly looking for the house where he had to put the parcel．‎ A stranger, passing by, asked him what he was looking for. The countryman showed his parcel. He asked him to ‎ read the address on it.“I have forgotten it,”he said.“And I don't know how to read.'”“Why!”said the stranger, “That's my name and address. It's my parcel. It's from my old friend, Bob. He promised to send it to me a week ago.”‎ The countryman looked pleased to hear this. “Take it if it's yours,”he said. “But you must give me sixty dollars for my trouble.”The stranger did so. The countryman then got on a passing bus. The stranger went to a quiet corner to look at the parcel. Inside it,there was nothing but some pieces of torn cloth.‎ ‎( ) (2) What's the feeling of the stranger?‎ ‎ A, Angry. B Regretful. C .Bad. D. Surprised.‎ 简析：这是一个推理判断题，它要求学生对文章进行仔细分析，才能作出合理判断。仔细看 完文章后知道文中的stranger拿了60美元换回了一个装满破布的包裹。当他看到这些破布时，他马上意识到他没有骗到“乡下人”的钱，反而被“乡下人”骗了，他那 时一定非常生气，对自己的行为感到后悔，如选B，那么没有理解文章的意思。如选 C或D,虽然也略微表达了一点stranger的心理状态，但毕竟没有A那么贴切。‎ B． 词义猜测 ‎ 常见的提问方式有这几种：‎ ² What does the underlined word mean?‎ ² The word probably means ² The underlined word can be replaced(代替) by …‎ 解题技巧： ‎ u 根据逻辑关系推测词义 在文中的逻辑关系往往有：因果关系、类比关系、转折对比关系等。那么在定位好猜测的词后，需要寻找上下文中是否含有一定的逻辑关系，因此要特别注意一些关键词：so，because，but，however，unlike，even if，and，also，instead等。‎ 例1：‎ But be careful if you're short of time, Newcastle is a big place. So you should be prepared to kill a few hours on one of these buses.‎ 批注：根据上下文以及连词“so”，我们可以推断出两句话是因果关系，因为Newcastle是一个大的地方，所以准备好公交车上会花很多时间。因此这里的“kill”不是杀死的意思，而是“spend”度过的意思。‎ 例2：‎ The government has taken action to deal with traffic jams, but the streets are still packed with cars and trucks.‎ 批注：这里的“packed”的意思根据上下文是转折的关系，虽然政府已经采取措施来解决交通拥堵，但是街上还是挤满了车辆。因此这里的“packed”相当于“crowded”‎ u 根据定义来猜测词义：‎ 在文章中，往往有时候，作者会用一个短语或者一个从句来解释陌生的词，因此我们根据作者给出的定义或实例来猜测词的含义。我们应当特别注意这些词：for example，like，such as，in other words等，以及定语从句。比如我们来看这样一个例子：‎ 例1：‎ The scenes you see from the tourist train are film sets in the Universal Studios, one of the oldest and largest movie companies in the USA.‎ 批注：句中的“the Universal Studios”其实不难理解，因为后面补充说到它是一个美国年代最久远的，最大的电影公司。‎ 例2：‎ Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and human emotions and behaviour（行为）, are called psychologists.‎ 批注：句中最后一个词“psychologist”的含义，根据前面的从句，我们可以知道他们是研究人们的思想以及人类的感情和行为的。所以这样的人，我们叫做“心理学家”。‎ 例3：‎ John is very lazy, unlike his brother who is very diligent and works very hard.‎ 批注：本句中有一个重要的词“unlike”表示对比，John很懒，不像他的兄弟，那么言下之意就是他的兄弟很勤奋。所以“diligent”的意思就是努力的，勤奋的。‎ u 根据上下文推测词义 例1：‎ At first, people were afraid of eating tomatoes because they belong to a family of poisonous plants. One day, a brave man ate the first tomato. People were surprised that he didn't die.‎ 批注：根据文章的意思，人们害怕西红柿，而且当一个人吃了第一个西红柿后，人们会惊讶他居然没有死。因此我们可以认为“poisonous”解释对健康有害的，会使人们丧生的。其实也就是有毒的意思。‎ 例2:‎ Perhaps the only test score that I remember is the 55 when I was in high school.  The test was the final for a course. I remember waiting anxiously as my teacher Mr. Right passed out our papers one by one. It was a rather difficult test. I heard my classmates groaning, and I could tell by the groans that the scores weren’t looking good.    ‎ l The word groaning is the closest in meaning to _____.‎ ‎  A. singing B. laughing C. complaining D. quarreling 批注：根据上下文的意思，这次考试的难度很大，而且老师一个个分发考卷，我听到我的同学都在groaning，我推测出大家的分数都不好。因此我们可以推测出这个词的意思是“抱怨”。‎ ‎ ‎ 典型例题分析 一. 推断题题型分析 例1：‎ We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, "Very dirty floors." "Yes, I'm glad they've finally decided to clean them," the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, "But aren't you working late?" Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下)of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book. After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, "Thank you." Outside, Mum told me, "Dagmar is fine. No fever." "You saw her, Mum?" "Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It's a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush."‎ ‎1. When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was ______. A. to clean the floor B. to please the nurse C. to see a patient　 D. to surprise the story-teller ‎2. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital? A. It is a children's hospital. B. It has strict rules about visiting hours. C. The conditions there aren't very good. D. The nurses and doctors there don't work hard.‎ ‎3. Which of the following words best describes Mum? A. strange　　　　　 B. warm-hearted C. clever　　　　　　 D. hard-working ‎1. 运用文段所叙述或描绘的事件背景提供的信息进行推理判断 第1道题要求读者判断"妈妈"从一间小房间拿拖把的真正意图是什么。应该说除了D选项与文段的信息完全无关外，其它三个选项相互间都有一定的干扰性，但只要我们注意到文段所叙述的事件的背景是在一家医院，再结合文段末尾作者与母亲之间的对话，就不难判断该题的正确答案是C选项。因为就常识而言，人们去医院的目的不外乎两个：1. 就诊；2. 探视病人。A选项展现的只是一种表面现象，不是"妈妈"拿拖把的"真正"目的；而"妈妈"去小房间拿拖把时是"轻轻地"走过去的，显然，也不是为了"取悦"护士，所以A、B两个选项都不符合文意。‎ ‎2. 运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断 上文的第2道题要求读者判断所给的四个选项中那一个符合医院的实际情况。由于文段中没有相关的信息支持A选项，因此，可以排除；C、D两个选项与文段最后一段中"妈妈"说的"It's a fine hospital"有矛盾，因此，也可以排除。文段的第一句提到"We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift her eyes from the book"。根据常识我们知道，人们"轻轻地走"的原因无非存在两种可能性：1. 保持安静；2.避免被发现。联系到"妈妈"是冒充清洁工进入病房的，探视"Dagmar"时又提起"hospital rules"，因此可以断定"我们如此轻轻地走进去"的目的不是为了"保持安静"，而是"避免"被护士发现，从而可以进一步推断出"避免"被护士发现的原因是因为医院对探视病人的时间有严格规定，所以B选项是正确的。‎ ‎3. 紧扣主题或话题，避免掉入细节事实的陷阱 有些题目要求读者根据文段的相关信息对文中人物的性格、心理状况、心智或品质作出判断，这时一定要扣紧文段的主题或话题，不要受一些细节事实的干扰。例如，上文的第3题实际上是要读者判断"妈妈"是一个什么样的人。A、B两个选项与文段提供的信息没有任何联系，可以排除。从文段中描绘的"妈妈"拿起拖把为医院拖地这一细节事实来看，似乎可以用 warm-hearted 这个词来形容她的品质。但是，只要记住文段主要叙述的是"‘妈妈'是如何在规定探望病人的时间之外进入病房探望Dagmar这一话题，就不难判断"妈妈"拿拖把拖地的最终目的是什么，从而进一步得出结论：只有用 clever 这个词描绘"妈妈"才最合适。‎ ‎4. 注意文段中信息的科学性，运用已有的科学常识和学科知识进行推理判断 例2： ‎ Our choir (合唱队) sang in a church yesterday. You should have heard how beautiful our voices were! It was an amazing experience, and the people there really enjoyed it. Later, we went sightseeing around the main square. The buildings are very beautiful and old. There is a much greater sense of history here than there is at home.‎ l Anna is very ___________ to be with the friends from the choir. ‎ ‎ A) surprised B) pleased C) frightened D) afraid 批注：首先，应当告诉学生做题时需要 知道题干的要求是什么；其次，我们应该返回原文，将选项与文章一一对比，作出合理的推断。同时，在涉及到作者态度的问题时，也要理解文章的中心思想和作者的观点。让学生自己划出关键的句子，根据题干和选项我们知道此题问的是Anna和她的合唱团成员在一起时的心情，属于事实判断题。这类题目需要返回原文，找到相关的细节，然后进行判断。根据文章中的关键信息：amazing experience我们可以推断出，Anna和她的伙伴们在一起时，一定很快乐。所以应该选B 例3： ‎ We laughed and said, “Move out of the way, Shankar! Miss Bailey is going to enter!” Miss Bailey drove in and we all rushed to offer our hands to her. But Miss Bailey looked past us all. “Will you park it for me?” she asked. We looked back to see who it was and were surprised to see it was towards Shankar. “I don’t think so, Miss Bailey!” stammered (结结巴巴地说) Shankar. “Why? You lazy fellow!” said Miss Bailey playfully. “You don’t want to help your teacher, do you?” “Of course I want to, Miss Bailey!” whispered Shankar. “But I might drop your cycle!” “If you drop it, you pick it up!” said the teacher with a smile.‎ l From Paragraph 2, we can learn that _________.‎ ‎ A) Miss Bailey’s students disliked to help her.‎ ‎ B) Miss Bailey was going home ‎ C) Shankar didn’t believe in his ability at first ‎ D) Shankar didn’t want to help Miss Bailey 批：在讲解过程中，应当指导学生在文章依次找出依据，并且指出，这是出题的何种陷阱，让学生对出题方式有更深入的了解。A选项是与原文不符，B选项是文章未提及，C选项是正确的，D选项是与文章不符。‎ 例4：‎ Several years ago, cell phones were very expensive. Only important people and people with a lot of money had them. These days, the prices have been greatly falling, and they come in small sizes and different colors. So more and more people, even high school students, have one in the hands.‎ ‎ It is true that it’s an easy way to keep in touch with friends at any time and in any place. But in places like classrooms, movie theatres, and museums, where everyone should be quiet or talk in a low voice, we can also hear the ringing. Some drivers have accidents for using cell phones when driving. Worst of all, some students who can’t pay their phone bills do something illegal to get money. So, are cell phones really a help?‎ l How does the writer feel about cell phones?‎ A. They are really a help.‎ B. They harm people’s health.‎ C. He thinks that cell phones may not be that helpful.‎ D. It’s all right to use them in theatre.‎ 批：本文首先介绍了手机正在被普遍使用，而第二段作者也提出了疑问，手机真的对我们生活都是帮助的吗？第二段中作者列举了反例，来说明自己的态度：手机并不是总是带来便利的。所以应该选择C。‎ 二. 猜测词义题型分析 例1：‎ A blind boy sat on the steps of a building with a hat by his feet. He held up a sign which said, “I am blind, please help.” There were only a few coins in the hat. ‎ A man was walking by. He took a few coins from his pocked and dropped them into the hat. He then took the sign, turned it around, and wrote some words. He put the sign back so that everyone who walked by would see the new words. ‎ Soon the hat began to fill up. A lot more people were giving money to the blind boy. That afternoon the man who had changed the sign came to see how things were. The boy recognized（听出）his footsteps and asked, “Were you the one who changed my sign this morning? What did you write?” ‎ The man said, “I only wrote the truth. I said what you said but in a different way.” ‎ What he had written was, “Today is a beautiful day; I cannot see it.” ‎ Of course both signs told people the boy was blind. But the first sign simply said the boy blind. The second sign told people they were lucky that were not blind. Should we be surprised that the second sign was more effective（有效的）?（2009年云南） ‎ The underlined words “help up” in the first paragraph mean ___________. ‎ ‎ A.阻碍 B. 举起 C. 承受 D. 坚持 ‎ ‎【答案及分析】答案为B。本文主要介绍了一位举着乞讨牌而又失明的男孩在一位男子改变乞讨牌上的标语后获得很多硬币的故事，说明用不同方法处理同一问题，会产生不同效果。本题主要采用根据上下文的因果关系或顺承关系的方法猜测词义。根据短文第一自然段的细节内容可知，这个失明的男孩坐在一栋高楼的台阶上乞讨，他的脚旁摆着放钱的帽子，结合被选项，男孩应该举着乞讨牌，故选B。‎ 例2： ‎ A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.‎ Here “carpenter” means ________.‎ A. 管道工 B. 木匠 C. 装修工人 D. 伐木工人 ‎【答案与分析】通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter 是"木匠"‎ 例3： ‎ A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…. Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” ‎ John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______. ‎ A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat ‎ C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag ‎ ‎【答案与分析】在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。‎ 例4： ‎ There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. ‎ What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?‎ ‎ A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽 ‎ ‎【答案及分析】从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。‎ 例5： ‎ The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care of my little bird. Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.” ‎ An ornithologist is probably a person who ______. ‎ A. studies birds B. loves creatures C. majors in habits D. takes care of trees ‎ ‎【答案及分析】Ornithologist 这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案为A。‎ 例6： ‎ As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well. ‎ In the text, “put an end to” means “______”. ‎ A. stop B. cut C. kill D. fly ‎ ‎【答案与分析】根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。‎ 真题链接 ‎（推断题中考链接） ‎ ‎2014年中考 ‎(A)‎ ‎ I had hidden the long black bag in the garage for the past two days. Tonight, in the dark, I would finally take it away. If everything went OK, it would be done by morning. But I had to be sure no one, not even my wife, saw me. ‎ ‎ It was more difficult to get away from the party than I expected. I said that the children were tired and needed to get to bed. It was partly true. But the main reason for leaving was that I wanted to complete my plan. ‎ ‎ First I had to get the kids to sleep. That was never easy at any time and tonight it was even more difficult. The eldest one wanted to know why we left the party early. I told him 10:30 pm was not early. As usual, I read them a bed time story, but I had to stop myself reading too quickly or they would learn my secret. ‎ ‎ Silence finally came, and feeling like a thief in the night, I went out of the house and into the garage. Taking one end, I dragged the bag out from its hiding place and took it into the garden. I was worried that my neighbours might see me and call the police. ‎ ‎ It was already eleven o'clock. By the light of the moon I started working, trying to make as little noise as possible. And that was not easy with a saw (锯子) and a hammer. ‎ ‎ After much effort, my work was finally completed. I looked down at my watch. It was exactly 4:00 am. Then I went inside to have a shower and get a few hours of sleep. It wouldn't be long now before the kids would rush into my room and wake me up to tell me about the new tree-house Father Christmas had brought them this year. ‎ ‎ 50. How would the children feel when they saw the man’s work? ‎ A. Confused. B. Excited. C. Tired. D. Angry. ‎ ‎(B)‎ In early November of 1503, during Christopher Columbus’ fourth and final trip America, his ship was seriously damaged in a storm. Columbus and his men had to live on a small island for several months while they tried to repair their ship and return to Spain. ‎ ‎ At first, the local people on the island were very kind to the European visitors, giving them all the food and clothes they needed to survive. However, as the months passed, the local people became more and more unhappy with their guests, who were tricking and stealing from them. Finally the locals decided to stop helping. Without food or any way to leave the island, Columbus’ group was soon in serious trouble. ‎ ‎ Luckily for Columbus, he had a book about the stars and planets on his ship. It described the movements of all the objects in the night sky. The book, written by a well-known German scientist, said there would be a total lunar eclipse (月食) on the evening of February 29, 1504 and how long it would last. ‎ ‎ Columbus worked out the difference in time between Germany and North America. He then had a meeting with the local leaders just before the eclipse would take place. In this meeting, Columbus told them his god was angry because the local people were no longer giving food. So his god would take away the moon to punish them. At the moment Columbus finished talking, just as he had planned, the moon began disappearing. ‎ The local leaders grew frightened and quickly agreed to provide Columbus with food and anything else he wanted. But first, Columbus’ god had to return the moon. Columbus told them he would have to discuss the idea with his god on his ship. Knowing the moon would stay completely hidden for about 48 minutes, Columbus returned just before the moon began to reappear. From that day on, until they finally left, Columbus and his men no longer had any trouble getting the food they needed. ‎ ‎55. What can we learn about the Europeans from the passage? ‎ A. They all believed in god. B. They never returned to Spain. ‎ C. They admired the local people. D. They caused their own problems. ‎ ‎(D)‎ Mobile phones are more important than ever in the daily lives of students, but how they use them has changed greatly in the past six years. While phones are still widely use for communication, a recent study has found that most students think talking on mobile phones is now old-fashioned. ‎ ‎ London University researchers surveyed 1055 young people aged 13 to 18 about their mobile phone habits. The researchers divided mobile phone use into “communication”and “entertainment”. Communication included talking on the phone and writing messages using texting（短信）or chatting software. Entertainment was made up of playing games, watching movies, listening to music and surfing the Internet. The findings were then compared to a 2008 study, to see what changed. The results are shown below: ‎ ‎ Perhaps most surprising is how little time students spend talking on their phones these days. Six years ago the average student spent 36% of their mobile phone time making or receiving calls. In 2014, only 10% of time was used for talking. When students use their phones to communicate, more and more often it is done by using chat software like qq or wechat. ‎ ‎ “Communication is still an important function of mobile phones. But now mobile phones are being used more for entertainment than for communication,” said Dr Harry Lectre, the research leader. ‎ ‎63. Which of the following is true about watching movies on mobile phones? ‎ A. It has increased most over the past six years. ‎ B.14% of students now watch movies on their mobile phones. ‎ C. It was the most popular type of mobile phone entertainment in 2008. ‎ D. Students now spend more time watching movies than talking on their phones. ‎ ‎2013年中考 ‎(A)‎ Once when I was a teenager, my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus. Finally, there was only one family between the ticket office and us. This family made a big impression on me.‎ ‎ There were eight children, all probably under the age of 12. You could tell they didn’t have a lot of money. Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean. The children talked excitedly about the clowns. It was clearly a very important day out for them. The father and mother seemed happy as they could be.‎ ‎ The tickets lady asked how many tickets the father wanted, he proudly answered, “Please let me buy eight children’s tickets and two adults’ tickets, so I can take my family to the circus.”‎ ‎ The ticket lady told him the price. ‎ ‎ The man’s wife lowered her head. There was no longer a smile on the man’s face. He quietly asked, “How much did you say?”‎ ‎ The ticket lady again told him the price.‎ ‎ The man obviously didn’t have enough money. But how could he tell his kids the bad news?‎ ‎ Seeing what was happening, my dad took a $20 note from his pocket and dropped in on the ground. (We were ‎ not rich ourselves at all!) He then tapped the man on the shoulder and said, “Excuse me, sir, you dropped this.”‎ ‎ The man understood my father was helping him. He picked up the money, looked straight into my dad’s eyes, and in tears replied. “Thank you. This really means a lot to me and my family.”‎ ‎ Although we did not go to the circus that night, we didn’t go without.‎ ‎46. Why does the writer say “Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean” ( Paragraph 2)?‎ A. To show the children were well looked after.‎ B. To show cheap clothes could be popular.‎ C. To show how hard the mother worked.‎ D. To show how rich the family were.‎ ‎47. Why was the poor man unhappy after he spoke with the ticket lady?‎ A. He had lost his money. B. His children were noisy.‎ C. The tickets were sold out. D. The tickets were too expensive.‎ ‎49. Why was the poor man in tears at the end of the story?‎ A. He found the money he lost. B. He wanted others to help him.‎ C. He made his children unhappy. D. He was thankful for the kindness.‎ ‎(B)‎ ‎ Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20th century. Besides his famous stories, he also wrote many influential articles about the living conditions of Chinese people.‎ ‎ Born in 1881 to a wealthy family, Lu Xun had a happy childhood. In 1893, however, his grandfather, a senior government official, was put into prison for taking money. At the same time, his father became seriously ill. From that time on, his family were no longer accepted by their relatives and friends. These early experiences graetly influenced his writing.‎ ‎ By the time Lu Xun arrived in Nanjing to study at university in 1899, he already believed that Chinese society had to change and become modern. In 1902 he went to study in Japan. There, he began writing articles for several Chinese student magazines. He showed a gift for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, although none was popular. He returned to China in 1909 because he was in need of money.‎ ‎ After working for several years as a teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he wrote his famous short story Diary of a Madman. It was the first Chinese novel published using the everyday language that people spoke, which helped make it a great success. This, together with his novel The True Story of Ah Q (1921), made Lu Xun a leading Chinese writer.‎ ‎ Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China’s future. In 1926, he moved to Shanghai and gave up writing stories in order to devote himself to what he called “pen warfare”. He now only wrote articles which called on the people to fight against the government. For this, the government stopped him from publishing any more books. He was forced to write his articles using false names.‎ Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s importance and influence have grown. Today, many of his writings are included in school textbooks and his works are read by millions around the world.‎ ‎53. The underlined word “This” (Paragraph 4) refers to .‎ ‎ A. the success of Diary of a Madman ‎ B. the use of everyday language ‎ ‎ C. the first Chinese novel ‎ D. The True Story of Ah Q ‎ ( D )‎ PRIVATE ENGLISH LESSONS An experienced teacher is offering private lessons in English.‎ Please email me at the address below and tell me:‎ ‎◆Your age ‎◆Reasons for learning English ‎◆Your level of English ‎◆Areas that you need to focus on – grammar, listening, speaking, reading, writing, etc.‎ Mrs. M.Daniels( daniels_m@mail.com)‎ From: Li_Hua@gmail.com To: daniels_m@mail.com CC…:‎ Subject: English Lessons Dear Mrs. Daniels,‎ I recently saw your advertisement on the university website offering private English lessons. I’m very interested in your private lessons and would like some more information.‎ I am a student at Aston College here in Hong Kong studying English, so my language level is already quite good.‎ However, I feel that I need to improve my listening and speaking skills. This is because I’m planning to study at London University in England next year and I think your lessons will help me to live and study abroad.‎ Could you send me some more information about the lessons offered, such as where and when they will be held and how much they cost? Also, I would like to know whether you teach students in groups or one-on-one.‎ I would be glad to supply any further information you might need.‎ Regards,‎ Li Hua ‎65. What can we learn about Li Hua from his email?‎ A. He is now living in England B. He is a student in Hong Kong C. His level of English is very low.‎ D. He is studying at London University.‎ ‎2012年中考 A Paul and Jason were brothers who lived and worked on neighboring farms．For 35years they farmed side by side，sharing machinery and goods as needed，without a single problem．‎ However，one autumn，things changed．It began with a tiny disagreement about a horse，which grew into a major difference．The difference led to angry words，followed by weeks of silence between the two brothers，‎ One morning there was a knock on Paul's door．He opened it and saw a builder holding his toolbox．“I'm looking for a few days’work，”the builder said．“Are there any jobs here I could help with? ”‎ ‎“Yes，”answered Paul，extremely p．leased to see the builder．“I do have a job for you．Look at that farm across the creek（小溪）．That's my brother's farm．That creek used to be a grass field，but last week my brother dug a path from the river and made the creek．But I'll go him one better．See that pile of wood? I want you to build me a fence，two meters tall，so I won't need to see him anymore．”‎ The builder said thoughtfully，“I think I understand the situation and I'll be able to do a job that pleases you．”‎ Paul had business in town that day and left the builder to his work．When he returned，the builder had just finished his job．Paul was shocked．Instead of a fence there was a bridge，stretching from one side of the creek to the other．‎ As Paul stood on the bridge，staring in amazement，his younger brother Jason，came across， and took Paul's hand．“You are a good man to have built this bridge after all I've done，”said Jason．‎ Then，Paul，with tears in his eyes，said to the builder who was packing h/s bag to go，“Thank you so much．Please stay．I have much more for you to do．”‎ ‎“I'd love to，”the builder said quietly，“but，I have many more bridges to build．”‎ ‎48．What do we know about the brothers?‎ ‎ A．They had been fighting for many years．‎ ‎ B．Their farms were not very successful ‎ C．They finally realized their mistakes ‎ D．They liked building bridges ‎49．Why did the builder build the bridge'?‎ ‎ A．He needed a way to get across the river:‎ ‎ B．There was not enough wood for the fence ‎ C．He misunderstood Paul's instructions ‎ D．He wanted to bring the brothers together B Last year in the UK at least 45people died and 900more were injured in car accidents where drivers were using their mobile phones．Yet many people continue to use them while driving even though it's dangerous．‎ Research has shown that it is difficult to concentrate on diving and talking at the same time．It can even be more dangerous than driving after drinking too much．A recent study found that when drivers were talking on their mobile phones，their stopping times were 30percent slower than when they had drunk too much --and nearly 50percent slower than when they were driving normally．It also found that drivers talking on mobile phones were less able to control their cars than drunk drivers．‎ And talking isn't even the most serious problem．Texting is．Unbelievably，another recent study reported that 22%of adults admitted they had sent a text message while driving at least once in the past month．An average text message takes 90seconds to write and send．That means for one and a half minutes a driver is looking at their phone's screen and not at the road．The arrival of new smart phones such as the iPhone will only make matters worse as they will allow users to do more things than ever before．‎ Using a mobile phone while driving puts others’lives at risk．No matter how well we drive，if another driver is not being professional or careful，we are put in danger by their actions．Such drivers are selfish，careless and should have their driving licenses （驾照） cancelled.‎ There is no doubt that mobile phones can be fun and are extremely useful, especially when you're in trouble. But there is no need to use them while driving. Just wait until you stop or you will probably get into trouble of your own.‎ ‎51．The underlined word "them" in paragraph l refers to ．‎ ‎ A．phone users B．mobile phones C．drivers D．cars ‎52．According to the passage, if a driver needs 10 seconds to stop when driving normally，they will need _ seconds to stop when talking on a mobile phone．‎ ‎ A.．12. B．13. C．14. D．15.‎ C Although he died almost 40years ago，Bruce Lee is still considered the greatest and most influential kung fu performer of' the 20th century．His films brought traditional Hong Kong kung fu movies to a new level of popularity，and introduced kung fu to millions of people in the West．Born in the USA in 1940，Lee returned to his native Hong Kong before his first birthday．As a teenager，the highly intelligent boy was accepted into one of Hong Kong’s most famous middle schools but he paid little attention to his studies．He was more interested in sport，especially kung fu，and hanging out with his street-gang friends．In 1959，Lee got into trouble with the police for fighting．His mother，fearing he would end up in prison，sent him to the USA．Two years later，he began studying at university there．‎ ‎ While still a student， Lee opened his own kung fu school, teaching a new fighting style he had developed．What made Lee’s style different was that it used power，strength and，quick-action attacks．It also combined（融合） Japanese, Korean and South American fighting styles with traditional slow-moving Chinese Lung fu．‎ ‎ Among Lee's students were several famous actors who, impressed by his good-looks and fighting skill, encouraged him to start acting. Over the next five years Lee achieved some success in America. But his dream of introducing his fighting style into American movies was not accepted by local film makers who thought western audiences were not interested in kung fu．‎ ‎ Determined to prove them wrong, Lee returned to Hong Kong in 1970．There he made two films Fists of Fury （1971） and Way of the Dragon （1972）, using his kung fu ideas and techniques．The movies were huge hits world-wide, making Lee an international star and symbol of' kung fu．These were followed by what is widely considered the greatest kung fu movie of all time, Enter the Dragon（1973） ．Tragically however, Lee suddenly and mysteriously died while making his next movie Game of Death．He was only 33 years old.‎ ‎59．What was Lee's dream according to the passage?‎ ‎ A．To develop a new style of kung fu．‎ ‎ B．To become a famous movie star．‎ ‎ C．To make movies using his fighting style．‎ ‎ D．To teach Americans kung fu．‎ Key: ‎ ‎（2014广州中考真题）50  B 55 A 63 D ‎（2013广州中考真题）46-50  ADD 53 A 65 B ‎（2012广州中考真题） 48-49 C D 51-52 B D 59 C ‎（猜测词义中考链接） ‎ ‎2014年中考 ‎ ‎(A)‎ ‎ I had hidden the long black bag in the garage for the past two days. Tonight, in the dark, I would finally take it ‎ away. If everything went OK, it would be done by morning. But I had to be sure no one, not even my wife, saw me. ‎ ‎ It was more difficult to get away from the party than I expected. I said that the children were tired and needed to get to bed. It was partly true. But the main reason for leaving was that I wanted to complete my plan. ‎ ‎ First I had to get the kids to sleep. That was never easy at any time and tonight it was even more difficult. The eldest one wanted to know why we left the party early. I told him 10:30 pm was not early. As usual, I read them a bed time story, but I had to stop myself reading too quickly or they would learn my secret. ‎ ‎ Silence finally came, and feeling like a thief in the night, I went out of the house and into the garage. Taking one end, I dragged the bag out from its hiding place and took it into the garden. I was worried that my neighbours might see me and call the police. ‎ ‎ It was already eleven o'clock. By the light of the moon I started working, trying to make as little noise as possible. And that was not easy with a saw (锯子) and a hammer. ‎ ‎ After much effort, my work was finally completed. I looked down at my watch. It was exactly 4:00 am. Then I went inside to have a shower and get a few hours of sleep. It wouldn't be long now before the kids would rush into my room and wake me up to tell me about the new tree-house Father Christmas had brought them this year. ‎ ‎47. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to __________. ‎ A. thieves B. parents C. children D. neighbours ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(C)‎ ‎ In today’s world of modern science and medicine, a more traditional treatment is once again becoming popular-animal friendship. ‎ ‎ It is now well-known that people with problems such as heart disease or cancer live longer and get better more quickly if they have pets. Keeping pets lowers blood pressure and makes people less worried. Animals are increasingly important in treating older people who have memory loss and other brain problems. These people often feel nervous and upset. Activities with animals help them improve their physical condition and also give them joy, entertainment and loving friendship. ‎ ‎ Here is a case that shows the benefits of animals. John was a six-year-old mute. He had no physical problems. He just refused to talk. His older cousin, Ned, had a parrot called Sally, and John used to visit it. When he arrived, Net used to say, “Hi, John!” We all know parrots copy what they hear. After a few visits, Sally began saying “Hi, John!” when John came into the room. Then, one day, John turned to the parrot and replied “Hi, Sally!” Staying with the parrot encouraged John to begin talking. ‎ ‎ Another use of animal helpers is in schools. In some cases, animals are used to help children with physical or ‎ personal problems. In other cases, they are used to teach children to get on and share with others, and even to teach them about animals. ‎ If you want to know more about animal helper programmes, you can get in touch with organizations like Riding for the Disabled or do a search under “animal therapy” on the Internet. You don’t have to be an animal trainer or a doctor to join in. ‎ ‎57. The underlined word “mute” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “_______”. ‎ A. a person who speaks slowly B. a person who does not speak ‎ C. a person who cannot hear D. a person who enjoys talking ‎ ‎2013年中考 ‎ ‎(B)‎ ‎ Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20th century. Besides his famous stories, he also wrote many influential articles about the living conditions of Chinese people.‎ ‎ Born in 1881 to a wealthy family, Lu Xun had a happy childhood. In 1893, however, his grandfather, a senior government official, was put into prison for taking money. At the same time, his father became seriously ill. From that time on, his family were no longer accepted by their relatives and friends. These early experiences greatly influenced his writing.‎ ‎ By the time Lu Xun arrived in Nanjing to study at university in 1899, he already believed that Chinese society had to change and become modern. In 1902 he went to study in Japan. There, he began writing articles for several Chinese student magazines. He showed a gift for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, although none was popular. He returned to China in 1909 because he was in need of money.‎ ‎ After working for several years as a teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he wrote his famous short story Diary of a Madman. It was the first Chinese novel published using the everyday language that people spoke, which helped make it a great success. This, together with his novel The True Story of Ah Q (1921), made Lu Xun a leading Chinese writer.‎ ‎ Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China’s future. In 1926, he moved to Shanghai and gave up writing stories in order to devote himself to what he called “pen warfare”. He now only wrote articles which called on the people to fight against the government. For this, the government stopped him from publishing any more books. He was forced to write his articles using false names.‎ Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s importance and influence have grown. Today, many of his writings are included in school textbooks and his works are read by millions around the world.‎ ‎53. The underlined word “This” (Paragraph 4) refers to .‎ ‎ A. the success of Diary of a Madman ‎ B. the use of everyday language ‎ ‎ C. the first Chinese novel ‎ D. The True Story of Ah Q ‎(C)‎ ‎ The Vieira family moved to the United States in 1981. At that time, they decided to stop speaking Spanish at home and only communicate in English. This was because they were now living in an English-speaking country.‎ ‎ Now the Vieira children are adults, and they sometimes travel to Spain to visit their family and friends. But they cannot communicate with them. Unfortunately this is common. When people move to new countries, they often leave their own customs and mother language behind. This is a mistake because there are many benefits to knowing more than one language.‎ ‎ One advantage of speaking more than one language is that you can communicate directly with more people around the world. You do not have to depend on others to talk for you, so you’re more independent. People who know only one language must use others to help them communicate.‎ ‎ Furthermore, speaking a second language also allows people to experience other cultures and customs more effectively. Local expressions, vocabulary, and even jokes can have a powerful effect on a person’s understanding of another culture. So, knowing more than one language increases your knowledge of other cultures.‎ ‎ Finally, having more multi-language speakers improves relationships between countries. If people from different countries can communicate well, the world can become closer. Countries will then have more respect for each other and better understand each other’s problems.‎ ‎ The benefits of knowing more than one language are clear. In fact, there are no disadvantages. It is very sad that many people don’t try to learn another language. It is even worse when people let themselves forget their mother language and become silenced. ‎ ‎58. The underlined phrase “multi-language speakers”(Paragraph 5) means “people who know ______.”‎ ‎ A. their mother language B. a new language ‎ C. more than one language D. body language ‎ ‎ ‎2012年中考 ‎ A Paul and Jason were brothers who lived and worked on neighboring farms．For 35years they farmed side by side，sharing machinery and goods as needed，without a single problem．‎ However，one autumn，things changed．It began with a tiny disagreement about a horse，which grew into a major difference．The difference led to angry words，followed by weeks of silence between the two brothers，‎ One morning there was a knock on Paul's door．He opened it and saw a builder holding his toolbox．“I'm looking for a few days’work，”the builder said．“Are there any jobs here I could help with? ”‎ ‎“Yes，”answered Paul，extremely p．leased to see the builder．“I do have a job for you．Look at that farm across the creek（小溪）．That's my brother's farm．That creek used to be a grass field，but last week my brother dug a path from the river and made the creek．But I'll go him one better．See that pile of wood? I want you to build me a fence，two meters tall，so I won't need to see him anymore．”‎ The builder said thoughtfully，“I think I understand the situation and I'll be able to do a job that pleases you．”‎ Paul had business in town that day and left the builder to his work．When he returned，the builder had just finished his job．Paul was shocked．Instead of a fence there was a bridge，stretching from one side of the creek to the other．‎ As Paul stood on the bridge，staring in amazement，his younger brother Jason，came across， and took Paul's hand．“You are a good man to have built this bridge after all I've done，”said Jason．‎ Then，Paul，with tears in his eyes，said to the builder who was packing his bag to go，“Thank you so much．Please stay．I have much more for you to do．”‎ ‎“I'd love to，”the builder said quietly，“but，I have many more bridges to build．”‎ ‎47．The underlined expression “go him one better”in paragraph 4 means______‎ ‎ A．do something even worse B．improve the situation ‎ C．point out his mistake D．help him out B Last year in the UK at least 45people died and 900more were injured in car accidents where drivers were using their mobile phones．Yet many people continue to use them while driving even though it's dangerous．‎ Research has shown that it is difficult to concentrate on diving and talking at the same time．It can even be more dangerous than driving after drinking too much．A recent study found that when drivers were talking on their mobile phones，their stopping times were 30percent slower than when they had drunk too much --and nearly 50percent slower than when they were driving normally．It also found that drivers talking on mobile phones were less able to control their cars than drunk drivers．‎ And talking isn't even the most serious problem．Texting is．Unbelievably，another recent study reported that 22%of adults admitted they had sent a text message while driving at least once in the past month．An average text message takes 90seconds to write and send．That means for one and a half minutes a driver is looking at their phone's screen and not at the road．The arrival of new smart phones such as the iPhone will only make matters worse as they will allow users to do more things than ever before．‎ Using a mobile phone while driving puts others’lives at risk．No matter how well we drive，if another driver is not being professional or careful，we are put in danger by their actions．Such drivers are selfish，careless and should have their driving licenses （驾照） cancelled.‎ There is no doubt that mobile phones can be fun and are extremely useful, especially when you're in trouble. But there is no need to use them while driving. Just wait until you stop or you will probably get into trouble of your own.‎ ‎51．The underlined word "them" in paragraph l refers to ．‎ ‎ A．phone users B．mobile phones C．drivers D．cars Key: ‎ ‎（2014广州中考真题）47 C 57 B ‎ ‎（2013广州中考真题）53  A 58 C ‎ ‎（2012广州中考真题） 47 A 51 B ‎ 课后作业 作业1：牢固掌握阅读理解推断题及猜测词义的解题技巧 作业2：能够灵活运用解题技巧去解题 作业3：阅读理解综合练习 ‎ 广州市6校2013年中考英语联考试卷（1）‎ BEIJING, March 31 -- President Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan arrived in Beijing on Sunday morning after visits to Russia, Tanzania, South Africa and the Republic of Congo. In South Africa, Xi also attended(参加) the fifth leaders' summit（峰会）of BRICS held in Durban. ‎ Suzhou, April 2 -- The 12-year-old Geng fell into an ice hole while playing on the ice in the middle of a frozen lake at a park in Xingtai, Hebei. The boy was saved by a passing man who left silently after Geng was taken to the hospital. Geng said he might be a policeman. ‎ BEIJING, April 15 -- China has reported 51 H7N9 cases, including eleven which ended in death. Cases in North China were first found the day before yesterday. Shanghai has the most cases – a total of 21 cases with 7 deaths. The government has told the public not to fear because proper cooking kills the virus and people are asked not to eat diseased or dead animals. ‎ BEIJING, April 13 -- Mo Yan, one of the most popular writers in China, gave a speech at No.101 Middle School today. He grew up in Gaomi, Shandong. His parents were ‎ farmers. That’s why most of his books are about life in the coun-‎ tryside. One of his novels was made into a movie in 1987. He won ‎ the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature. That makes him the twelfth ‎ Chinese to win the Nobel Prize. ‎ A ‎56. The saving of Geng is a piece of _______.‎ ‎ A. political news B. social news C. travel news D. health news ‎ 57. The meaning of the underlined word “virus” is _______.‎ A. 病畜 B. 病人 C. 病毒 D. 病禽 ‎ 58. Mo Yan mostly writes about the country life because _______.‎ A. such books are very popular with readers ‎ B. such books can be easily made into movies C. he grew up as a farmers’ son in the country D. he could win prizes with books about this life ‎ 59. ______ people died because of H7N9 so far in Shanghai according to the news. ‎ ‎ A. Fifty-one B. Twenty-one C. Eleven D. Seven ‎ 60. From the passage, we can know_______‎ ‎ A. the BRICS summit meeting was held in Tanzania.‎ ‎ B. eleven Chinese besides Mo Yan have won the Nobel Prize.‎ C. after visiting five countries, President Xi reached Beijing on Sunday.‎ ‎ D. Geng thanked the passing man face to face so that he knew his name and job B ‎ Living in a foreign culture can be exciting, but it can also be confusing（令人迷惑的）. A group of Americans who taught English in other countries recently shared their experiences. They decided that miscommunications were always possible, even over something as simple as “yes” and “no”.‎ ‎ On her first day in Micronesia, an island in the Pacific, Lisa thought people weren’t paying any attention to her. The day was hot. She went into a store and asked, “Do you have cold drinks?” The woman there didn’t say anything. Lisa repeated the question. Still the woman said nothing. She later learned that the woman had answered her: She had raised her eyebrows（眉毛）, which in Micronesia means “yes”.‎ ‎ Jan remembered an experience she had in Bulgaria, a country in Europe. She went to a restaurant that was known for its cabbage. She asked the waiter, “Do you have cabbage today?” He nodded his head. Jan waited, but the cabbage never came. In that country, a nod means “no”.‎ Tom had a similar problem when he arrived in India. After explaining something in class, he asked his students if they understood. They answered with many different nods and shakes of the head. He thought some people had not understood, so he explained again. When he asked again, they did the same thing. He soon found out that his students did understand. In India, people from different places say “yes” in different way, either nodding or shaking their heads. You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean “yes” or “no”. ‎ ‎ 61. These Americans teaching English in other countries found that they _____.‎ A. were not welcomed there B. needed to learn foreign languages C. had problems with communications D. should often share their experiences ‎ 62. People in Micronesia show “yes” by ______.‎ A. saying” no” B. raising eyebrows C. nodding heads D. shaking heads ‎ 63. Tom misunderstood(误解) his class at first because ______.‎ A. he didn’t know where the students came from B. he didn’t explain everything clearly enough C. some students didn’t understand his questions D. he did not know much about Indian culture ‎ 64. Which of the following is TRUE ?‎ A. In India, only shaking heads means “yes”. B. Lisa was trying to buy some cabbage.‎ C. In Bulgaria, nodding heads means “no”. D. Jan taught English on a Pacific island.‎ ‎ 65. The passage is mainly about ______.‎ A. English teaching in other countries B. body language in foreign restaurants C. class discussion in Indian schools D. misunderstandings in different cultures Key: 56-60 BCCDB 61-65 CBDCD ‎