中考名词专项讲义习题 7页

‎ 语法专项一——名词 ‎ 直击考点 ‎1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2．名词所有格的构成及用法；3．近义名词的辨析。‎ 一、名词分类 ‎ 类别 ‎ 意义 ‎ 典型例词 ‎ ‎ 普通名词 ‎ 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的词 girl, pen, book, door, panda 可数名词 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的名词 police, people, family , class team, army 物质名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词 water, rice , soup , wood, tea, juice 不可数名词 抽象名词 表示行为、品质、感情或状态等抽象概念的词 knowledge , love, danger , health,‎ music ‎ 专有名词 表示特定的人、地方、专门机构或团体等名称的词 Tom, Mr Brown, Beijing, University, New York, The Comunist Party of China ,Pacific Ocean 二、名词的数 ‎ 名词有可数和不可数之分。‎ 可数名词：表示可以计算数目的人或物的名称为可数名词。可数名词分为单数可数名词和复数可数名词。‎ 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词为不可数名词，前面不能加a或an,没有复数形式。‎ 1、 单数可数名词：前一般要用不定冠词a或an. a加在以辅音开头的名词前，an加在以元音开头的名词前。an egg 注意：aan后面有时紧接的不是单数名词，而是aan+形容词+单数名词的形式。用a还是an要看紧跟其后的形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。___________new orange ‎ ‎2、复数可数名词：复数可数名词是在单数后面加-s或-es.‎ 名词复数的规则变化 ‎（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。‎ ‎（2） 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。‎ 注意：以th结尾的加s, 例如：month---months , mouth---mouths ‎（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。‎ 注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。‎ ‎（4）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves。‎ ‎（5）以o结尾的加-es或-s。‎ 有生命的加-es例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes, Negro—Negroes, mango—mangoes 无生命的词末尾只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，photo→photos，piano→pianos。‎ 复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。‎ 情 况 ‎ 读法 ‎ 例 词 ‎ 在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后 ‎ ‎ [s] ‎ cups, hats, cakes ‎ 在[s] [z] 等音后 ‎ ‎ [iz] ‎ glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces ‎ 在[b] [d] [g] [v]等浊辅音后 ‎ ‎ [z] ‎ beds, dogs, cities, knives ‎ ‎3、名词复数的不规则变化 ‎（1）元音发生变化：例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，mouse→mice， goose—geese ‎ 【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans； Americans; Australians ; Indians ‎ 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 ，如：men workers， women teachers。‎ ‎（2）单复数形式相同：例如：Chinese，Japanese(中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面)，sheep，deer，fish等。（这些名词都是可数名词）‎ ‎（3）有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，注意：这类名词前不可以直接加aan，也不能直接加数词，表示数量时需用aan数词+名词+of+名词的结构。例如：two pairs of trousers.‎ ‎（4）词尾发生变化： child—children ox—oxen 注意：（1）单数形式但其意为复数的名词：people, police等(这两个词当主语时，谓语就是复数）。‎ ‎ （2）有些名词虽然是以s结尾，但是它不是名词的复数，而是单数本身词尾为s。应作为名词单数来看。‎ maths physics news ‎4．不可数名词“量”的表示方法 ‎ 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：‎ ‎ （1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：‎ ‎ The rich man has a lot of money． There is some milk in the bottle． Is there any water in the glass？ I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．‎ ‎ （2）当表示不可数名词的确切数量时，通常可在不可数名词前加上表示数量的单位词。例如：‎ ‎ a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） ‎ ‎ a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如： two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 三、名词的所有格 ‎ 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。‎ ‎1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。‎ ‎2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day， women’s smile ‎3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's/s’，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。‎ ‎4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of+名词结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。‎ ‎5.有时’s结构可以转换成of结构以示强调。the girl’s skirt= the skirt of the girl ‎6. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。‎ ‎7.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。‎ ‎ 两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。‎ 四、名词的语法作用：‎ 做主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语。‎ 名词专项习题 一、单项选择 ‎1.These _________ have saved many children’s lives.‎ A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor ‎2.This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.‎ A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’s and Jane’s C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s ‎3.---Are there any ________ on the farm?---Yes, there are some.‎ A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep ‎4.---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?---Orange, please.‎ A. hamburger B. chip C. tea ‎5．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?--- Certainly.‎ A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters ‎6．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.‎ A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear ‎7．There is some _______ on the plate.‎ A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears ‎8．—What is ________brother？ —He is a policeman ‎ A. Jim’s and Paul’s B. Jim and Paul C. Jim and Paul’s ‎ ‎9．The______ has two _______ .‎ A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch ‎10．The little baby has two _______ already.‎ A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths ‎11,---It’s dangerous here.We’d better go out quickly.--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.‎ A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children ‎12．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?‎ A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’s Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day ‎13．What a pity! Liu Xiang didn’t win the_____hurdles（跨栏）.‎ A.110-meter B.110-meters C.110 meter D.110 meters ‎14.—Why do you look so excited，Tim？ —I’ve just got a wonderful ________. ‎ A. news B. job C. furniture ‎ ‎15.There is some_______ on the plate. ‎ A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer ‎16.—Are those ______?---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.‎ A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows ‎17.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.‎ A. two orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges ‎18.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?‎ A. a very good B. any C. a piece of D. two pieces ‎19.___ room is on the 5th floor.‎ A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s ‎20.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.‎ A. 20 minutes’ walk B. 20 minute’s walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk ‎21. Here are some ________. Do you like ________？ ‎ A. oranges; them B. orange; it C. oranges; they D. oranges; their ‎22. A: Can I help you，madam？ B: I want ________. ‎ A. two boxes of apple B. two glass of water C. two bowls of porridge ‎23.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.‎ A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minute ‎24.He often has ____ for breakfast.‎ A. two breads B. two piece of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ‎25.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.‎ A. childs B. child C. children’s D. Children ‎26.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.‎ A. two months holiday B. two months’ holiday C. two-month holiday D. two month’s holidays ‎27.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.‎ A. works B. job C. work D. working ‎28.Li Lei is a friend of ___.‎ A. I sister B. my sister’s C. me sister D. my sister of ‎29. Health is important for us teenagers，so we should eat more vegetables such as ________ to keep healthy. ‎ A. tomatoes and potatoes B. tomatos and potatos C. tomatos and potatoes ‎30.How many ___ are there in the room?‎ A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes ‎31.Many ____ have been built in our city since 1987.‎ A. factorys B. factories C. factoryes D. factorys ‎32.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table .‎ A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss ‎33.The cat caught two ___ last night.‎ A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices ‎34.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.‎ A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes ‎35.In our school there are fifty-five ___.‎ A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. woman’s teacher ‎36.The three ___ will be put into prison.‎ A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs’‎ ‎37. Yesterday Lucy told us such good ________ that we are all amazed at it. ‎ A. news  B. ideas  C. suggestion  D. answer ‎ ‎38.The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't_______ news. ‎ A. many B. a few C. much D. few ‎39. — With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ?— _________.‎ A. A friend of mine B. A friend of me C. A friend of my sister D. A friend of you ‎ ‎40. Mr Black gave us ______on how to learn English well.‎ A.an advice B.many advices C.some advice D.some advices ‎41. We should not eat ______ meat.‎ A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too ‎42. —Good news. We will have a _____holiday.--I’ve heard of it.But it’s coming in____.‎ A.three days ; three days’ time B.three days’; three days’ ‎ C.three-day; three days D.three days; three-day time ‎43.I like _______ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. ‎ A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles ‎44.—It’s said that you have moved into a new house.—Yeah，and we need to buy some_______ in the mall nearby. A. food B. furniture C. hamburger ‎45.All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. ‎ A. man    B. men    C. woman  D. women ‎46.Let’s get some ______ about tourism on the Internet.‎ A. information B. message C. invention ‎47._____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _____ teachers.‎ A. A number of ; women B. A number of ; woman C. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman ‎48. .--Would you like some ___?--No,thank you.I’m not hungry at all.‎ A.water B.books C.clothes D.bread ‎49. .Hurry up. There is _____ time left.‎ A. a little B. little C. few ‎50．This is not my dictionary. It’s ______ . She lent it to me this morning.‎ A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sister’s D. my sisters ‎51. We need to come up with a/an ______ and make a decision at once.‎ A. information B. advice C. idea D. news ‎52.–I’d like ______ grapes and pears.–Oh, I only need ______ orange juice.‎ A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few ‎53. I don’t understand the story though there are _______ new words in it.‎ A. few B. little C. a few D. a little ‎54.   are made of   ‎ A. Glass; glasses B. Glasses; glasses C. A glass; glasses D. Glasses; glass ‎55. At the foot of the mountain, you can hear the   of running water.‎ ‎ A. sound B. noise C. voice D. silence ‎56. She has been in Jinan for eight years. Jinan has become her second  .‎ ‎ A. station B. house C. home D. family ‎57.--- How far is your cousin's home from here? --- It's about two   drive.‎ A. hour's B. hours C. hours' D. hour 二、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)‎ ‎58. There is something exciting in  (今天的) newspaper.‎ ‎59. All the  (英雄) are great people. We should remember them forever.‎ ‎60. I'm interested in science, and I want to be a  (科学家) when I grow up.‎ ‎61. We will go to my  (叔叔家) for dinner this Saturday.‎ 三、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)‎ ‎62. Quite a few students haven't realized the  (important) of learning English.‎ ‎63. Altogether, the meeting was a  (succeed).‎ ‎64. Could you please  (give) me some  (suggest) for vacation spots?‎ ‎65. We were surprised at the  (beautiful) of nature.‎ ‎66. Many  (visitor) from Australia came to our school last Friday.‎ ‎67. They are  (German). They aren't  (Englishman).‎ ‎68. Computers can work out difficult problems more quickly than  (human).‎ ‎69. After six hours of heavy rain, the river rose two  (foot).‎ ‎70. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast  (develop) in Shanghai after his long absence from the city.‎ ‎71. Last term I took the teacher's  (advise) and made great progress.‎ 四、首字母填空(短文首字母)‎ ‎ Dick was a clever boy, but his p 72   were very poor because both of them were out of w 73  . So he had to make m 74   in his h 75  . In this way he was able to go on studying, and in order to make more money he had to get two j 76  .‎ ‎ One summer he was lucky to get two jobs: One is at the butcher's during the daytime, and the other is in a hospital at night. He must wear white c 77   in these two places. One evening in the h 78  , Dick helped ‎ to carry a w 79   from her bed to the operating table. The woman was afraid of the o 80   before Dick came to get her.‎ ‎ But as soon as she saw him, she got even more frightened. She had seen Dick cut m 81   in the butcher's before.‎ ‎ “No! No!” she cried, “I won't be operated on by a butcher.”‎ 五、补全短文（共10小题；共10分）‎ ‎ Each year, we celebrate many holidays here in America. On January, we welcome the coming of a new year like many people in other 82.  . And we have another four holidays on the first days of four 83.  : April Fools' Day, May Day, Friendship Day(Aug.1) and Grandparents Day(Sept.1). The most important holiday for the young people comes in 84.  . It is Valentine's Day. Lots of boys give red roses to girls as a 85.  . People celebrate some holidays for their family members. We say 86.   to our mothers in May and celebrate 87.   Day in the following month. In November many people return home for Thanks-giving Day, so the whole 88.   can stay together. There are also some interesting holidays for 89.  . For example, Halloween comes at the end of October. Children often play with pumpkin lanterns and put on all kinds of masks(面具). Of course, the most important 90.   is Christmas. After a year of 91.   and study, people can enjoy a long holiday, eat big meals, and visit families and friends.‎ 一、单项选择1—5 C D D C B 6-10 B B A C C 11-15 D A A CB 16—20 ABCBD 21—25AACCD ‎26—30 CCBDA 31—35 BCBCA 36-40 CA C D B 41-45CA A B D 46-50A C D D B ‎ ‎51-55C B C C A 56-60C D B C D 61-65D C D D C 66-70C A C B C 71-74C A D B ‎ ‎1-5DCBAC 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 AADCA 16-20 DDCAA 21-25 CABBA 26-30 DCACC ‎31-35 ACBCC 36-40 CBCCA 41-45 CDCDC 46-50 AABCD 二、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)‎ ‎32. today's 33. Heroes 34. Scientist 35. uncle's 三、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)‎ ‎36. importance 37. Success 38. give; suggestions 39. beauty ‎40. visitors 41. Germans; Englishmen 42. Humans 43. Feet 44. Development 45. advice 四、首字母填空(短文首字母)‎ ‎56. parents 57. Work 58. Money 59. Holidays 60. Jobs 61. Clothes 62. hospital ‎63. woman 64. Operation 65. Meat 五、补全短文 ‎66. countries 67. Months 68. February 69. present/gift 70. thanks ‎71. Father's 72. Family 73. Children 74. Festival 75. work