潍坊市外研版中考英语复习专题六阅读表达 14页

‎　　阅读表达是近几年出现的新题型，要求学生阅读短文并完成所给题目。此题难度较大，不仅考查学生的阅读能力，即语言输入能力，还考查建立在理解文章内容的基础上的学生的语言输出能力，即书面表达能力。‎ 考点 ‎2016‎ ‎2015‎ ‎2014‎ ‎2013‎ 主旨概括 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 句子填空 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 翻译句子 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 封闭性问题 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 开放性问题 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 从近四年的潍坊中考英语试题来看，阅读表达题一般有5个题，每小题2分，主要考查学生对书面信息进行分析、概括、整理并根据需要进行运用的能力，其长度与传统的阅读短文相近。文章层次性强，给学生一个发挥的空间。该题主要有以下几种类型：主旨概括、句子填空、翻译句子、英文释义、开放性问题及其他类型。考查的要点主要有：1. 掌握短文的主旨和大意并能概括文章大意；2. 了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；3. 了解词语和句子的深层含义；4. 根据短文进行判断和推理。‎ 近几年常考的几个题型有：主旨概括题，包括给文章拟一个合适的标题；翻译句子题，这是必考题型，潍坊连续四年都有这个题型；封闭性问题和开放性问题，这也是必考题型，而且近几年加大了对开放性问题的考查力度，开放性问题也必然成为今后中考命题的一个趋势。‎ ‎ 1. 对于主旨概括题，要通读全文，分清主旨与细节，防止以偏概全。这类题目很多时候要求给出文章的标题。文章的标题可以是完整的句子、简洁的短语，也可以是一个问题。书写时要特别注意字母的大小写和词数问题。标题可以全部用大写；可以实词第一个字母大写、虚词第一个字母小写；也可以第一个字母大写，其余除专有名词外全部用小写。如果是个疑问句，可以在标题后加问号，但如果是陈述句，则不必加句点。‎ ‎ 2. 对于句子填空题，要充分利用文章中表示对比、转折、因果、递进、条件等关系的连接词，结合上下文语境，来搞清楚需要填的究竟是什么含义的句子。‎ ‎ 3. 做翻译句子题时，一定要使句子意思切合语境，表达简洁、准确、到位，符合语言习惯。‎ ‎ 4. 根据短文内容回答问题时，无论是封闭性的问题还是开放性的问题，都要表达准确，尤其句子结构要准确无误。所写答语可以是完整的句子，也可以简略回答。要注意书写认真，卷面整洁。‎ ‎ 5.‎ ‎ 英文释义题，也可称为句子替代或者词汇替代题，要求从文章中找出与所给的句子或词汇含义相同的句子或词汇。一般读懂了文章，弄清了所给句子和文中相应句子的意思即可答出，该题在阅读表达中相对简单。‎ ‎　　(2016·山东潍坊)阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。‎ Dear Sir or Madam, ‎ ‎ I’m writing to complain(投诉) about the Personal Robot, Model Z4, which I bought several months ago. The machine has been giving me all kinds of problems. Here are two:‎ ‎ The robot is supposed to do all kinds of housework, but sometimes it refuses. When I ask it to clean the house or take out the rubbish, it usually replies:“Z4 is too busy. ” or “Z4 is tired. ”‎ ‎ Last night I invited my boss and his wife for dinner at my home. The robot served the meal perfectly. But then it turned to my guests and told my boss that his tie was ugly and his wife’s jewellery(珠宝) was not real. Model Z4 has put me in several very embarrassing(令人尴尬的) situations like this.‎ The problem is that this robot has a mind of its own. Now I have no wish to keep it. I would like to return the robot and get my money back. Please let me know how I can do this.‎ ‎ I look forward to hearing from you. ‎ Very truly yours, ‎ Julie Morris ‎　Dear Ms Morris, ‎ ‎　　Your complaint about Z4 has come to us. We’ve never had any problems with this specific model before. Z4 is very smart and sensible. Your robot may be acting negatively(消极地) to draw attention to himself. Z4 doesn’t accept being treated like a machine. May I suggest that you try and discuss your relationship with him?Failing that, we would be happy to send one of our scientists to talk to Z4 to solve the problem. ‎ Sincerely, ‎ K3‎ ‎1. What’s Julie’s purpose in complaining about the robot?(根据短文内容回答问题)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. Please list two problems that the robot has given to Julie with two sentences. (no more than 10 words per sentence)(请列举顾客投诉机器人的两个问题，每句不多于10词)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. (请将文中画线句子翻译成汉语)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. Complete the statement using a word from the text according to K3’s reply. (请从回信中找出一个适当的词，填入下句空白处)‎ The 　　　　 between Julie and Robot Z4 is so important that K3 would like to send someone to help if necessary. ‎ ‎5. What will you do to get on well with him if you have a robot like Z4?(请写出两个英语句子，不得重复文中内容)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. She wants to return the robot and get her money back. ‎ ‎2. (1)Sometimes it refuses to do the housework. ‎ ‎(2)It has put me in several very embarrassing situations. ‎ ‎3. 问题是这个机器人很有主见/会自己拿主意/能自己作决定/有自己的想法。‎ ‎4. relationship ‎5. (1)I will play chess with him. ‎ ‎(2)I will say thank you to him when he does the housework. ‎ ‎(一)‎ ‎(2016·北京)阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。‎ A 108-year-old Message in a Bottle ‎ On November 30，1906，George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor，and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days.‎ ‎ Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside，but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old，so she didn’t want to damage it.‎ ‎ Finally she got the piece of paper out of the bottle. She found that the paper was actually a postcard. On the back of the card was this message：The Marine Biological Association (海洋生物学协会) would pay a shilling (先令) for the bottle. A shilling was a unit of money that was used in Great Britain before the early 1970s.‎ ‎ Winkler filled out the card and posted it. The association was surprised to get a postcard addressed to George Bidder，the president of the association from 1939 to 1945. The workers of the association searched on the Internet to find a shilling. They found one and sent it to Winkler as a reward. ‎ ‎ The message in the bottle was the oldest ever re-discovered. For this reason Marianne Winkler got a place in“Guinness World Records” (吉尼斯世界纪录). She broke the record for the oldest message in a bottle.‎ ‎ Winkler’s bottle was not the only one Bidder sent to sea. Between 1904 and 1906，he sent away more than one thousand bottles. He placed postcards inside them. The bottles were part of a research project to map currents (洋流) in the North Sea. This was the best method at that time. But whether the association could get the bottles back depended on the people who found them. The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottles were returned. They added that the experiment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North Sea’s currents. ‎ 短文大意：1906年11月30日，乔治·比德将一个瓶子扔进北海。在时隔108年138天后的2015年，玛丽安·温克勒发现了这个瓶子。她看到里面有一张纸，实际上是一张明信片。1904年至1906年，为了绘制北海洋流研究工程，比德曾扔出一千多个瓶子。‎ ‎1. How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?‎ For 108 years and 138 days. ‎ 由第一段最后一句中的and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days (然后它慢慢地移动了108年138天) 可知答案。‎ ‎2. Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?‎ Yes，she did. ‎ 由第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. (当玛丽安·温克勒2015年发现这个瓶子时，它的旅程结束了。) 可知，是玛丽安·温克勒在2015年发现的这个瓶子。‎ ‎3. What was in the bottle?‎ A piece of paper which was actually a postcard. ‎ 由第二段中的She saw a piece of paper inside (她看到里面有一张纸) 和第三段中的She found that the paper was actually a postcard. (她发现那张纸实际上是一张明信片。) 可知答案。‎ ‎4. Who was George Bidder?‎ The president of the Marine Biological Association from 1939 to 1945. ‎ 在第四段第二句中，the president of the association from 1939 to 1945作George Bidder的同位语。因此，乔治·比德是1939年至1945年海洋生物学协会的会长。‎ ‎5. Why did Bidder drop bottles into the sea?‎ Because the bottles were part of a research project to map currents in the North Sea. ‎ 由最后一段中的The bottles were part of a research project to map currents in the North Sea. (这些瓶子是绘制北海洋流研究工程的一部分。) 可知答案。‎ ‎(二)‎ ‎　　(2016·重庆)阅读下文并回答问题。‎ ‎ Recently, Chongqing Three Gorges University has held an activity named “Cell Phone Ninja” (手机忍者). They would like their students not to use cell phones for 21 days. It is really a challenge (挑战) for most students.‎ ‎ The activity started on April 12. Each student who volunteered to take part in this activity got a bracelet (手环). If the students did not use their cell phones，there would be a photo on the screen of the bracelet to show that. If they used their cell phones，a different photo would appear on the screen of the bracelet. After the last class of each day，the students sent the photos to the school’s public WeChat.‎ ‎ More than 800 students wished to take part in the test，and 400 were chosen. After seven days，only 103 students remained. The test was set for 21 days because some scientists believe that 21 days is long enough to help people form (形成) a habit.‎ ‎ According to the teachers in the university，the activity was not a competition. It depended on students themselves to make the decision. The teachers hoped their students could form better study habits through activities like this one. ‎ 短文大意：最近，重庆三峡学院举办了“手机忍者”的活动。活动的要求是在21天的时间里学生不用手机，这项活动的成败取决于学生的选择。老师希望通过这样的活动，帮助学生养成更好的学习习惯。‎ ‎1. When did the activity “Cell Phone Ninja” start?‎ It started on April 12. ‎ 由第二段第一句The activity started on April 12. 可知，“手机忍者”这个活动是在4月12日开始的。‎ ‎2. Were 400 students chosen to take part in this test?‎ Yes，they were. ‎ 由第三段第一句More than 800 students wished to take part in the test，and 400 were chosen. (800多名学生希望参加这个测试，有400名学生被选中。) 可知，此题应该作肯定回答。‎ ‎3. Why was the test set for 21 days?‎ Because (some scientists believe that) 21 days is long enough to help people form a habit. ‎ 由第三段中The test was set for 21 days because some scientists believe that 21 days is long enough to help people form a habit.‎ ‎ 可知，这项测试安排21天是因为一些科学家认为21天的时间足够长，能帮助人形成一种习惯。‎ ‎4. What was the bracelet used for in this test?‎ It was used for showing/to show whether the students used the cell phone(s) or not. ‎ 由第二段中If the students did not use their cell phones，there would be a photo on the screen of the bracelet to show that. If they used their cell phones，a different photo would appear on the screen of the bracelet. (如果学生不用手机，一张照片将会在手环的屏幕上显示出来。如果他们用手机，一张不同的照片将会显示在手环的屏幕上。) 可知，在这项测试中，手环用来显示学生是否使用手机。‎ ‎(三)‎ ‎(2016·安徽，E)阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题 (请注意每小题后面的词数要求)。‎ ‎ Rock climbing is a popular hobby that many people enjoy doing. You can do it indoors on special walls or outdoors on real mountains. There are many advantages of rock climbing—it is fun and it also helps people forget worries. ‎ ‎ The most important equipment (装备) to have is good shoes. They need to be half a size smaller than your usual size. The next thing you need is a harness (保护带). This allows you to move freely，but will hold you up if you fall. It’s important to know how to use your equipment. If you are a beginner，it’s best to have lessons. A climber with experience can help you a lot in the beginning.‎ ‎ Rock climbing is very exciting for people of different ages. Climbers，however，must be careful not to pollute the environment. Sometimes rock climbers leave rubbish on the mountains where they climb. They should take it with them and throw it away. This will allow future climbers to enjoy a clean environment. ‎ 短文大意：你可以在室内或户外攀岩，攀岩很有趣，也帮助人们忘却烦恼。攀岩最重要的装备是质量好的鞋子，你需要的另一件东西是保护带，你要学会如何使用它们。攀登者必须保护环境，将制造的垃圾清理干净。‎ ‎1. What advantages does rock climbing have? (不超过10个词) ‎ It is fun and it also helps people forget worries. ‎ 题干句意：攀岩有什么好处？由第一段最后一句可知，攀岩很有趣，还帮助人们忘却烦恼。‎ ‎2. What equipment does a climber need? (不超过10个词) ‎ Good shoes and a harness. ‎ 题干句意：攀登者需要什么装备？由第二段中的第一句The most important equipment to have is good shoes. 和第三句The next thing you need is a harness. 可知，攀登者需要质量好的鞋子与保护带。‎ ‎3. How can climbers help protect the environment while climbing?(不超过15个词)‎ They should take the rubbish with them and throw it away. ‎ 题干句意：攀登者攀岩时可以怎样帮助保护环境？由文章倒数第二句可知，他们应该将垃圾带走并扔掉。‎ ‎(四)‎ ‎　　(2016·山西，B)阅读下面图文，简要回答所给问题。‎ ‎ According to new research，recently，some terrible events that teachers were abused (辱骂) on some websites by students happened in the UK. It had a bad influence on schools and the society. The British Teaching Union did a survey of 7, 500 teachers. We can get some information from the following data(数据) and know how the teachers who were abused dealt with the problem. ‎ ‎ You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuse. Some have lost their confidence to teach and have left school. The survey showed many of the bad comments related to teachers’ looks，abilities and behaviors. We’ve got another data from it. It shows the bad comments were made by not only students but their parents. Please look at the following chart.‎ ‎ It is clear that we should take some methods to protect teachers from the abuse. We think that the way to solve the problem is the better understanding among teachers，students and parents. Besides good communication，respecting(尊敬) each other is very important. If so，they can get on well with each other. ‎ 短文大意：本文根据发生在英国的网上辱骂老师事件的调查结果，阐述了辱骂老师带来的影响以及解决该类事件的方法。‎ ‎1. What result did these terrible events lead to according to the passage?‎ It had a bad influence on schools and the society. /Teachers were often destroyed by the terrible abuse. /Some teachers lost their confidence to teach and left school. ‎ 由短文第一段中的It had a bad influence on schools and the society. 及第二段中的You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuse. Some have lost their confidence to teach and have left school. 可知答案。‎ ‎2. From Chart One，how did 50% of the teachers deal with the abuse?‎ They reported (the) abuse to the school，the police or the website. /They reported it to the school，the police or the website. ‎ 参与调查的老师一共是7 500名，50%的话是3 750名，对应的是图表Ⅰ中最左边的标有3，750的柱状图，由该柱状图的信息可知，50%的老师会把辱骂老师事件报告给学校、警察或网站。‎ ‎3. What percent of the bad comments were made by parents in total?‎ ‎36%. /Thirty-six percent. ‎ 由图表Ⅱ中信息可知，单纯由父母引发的辱骂老师事件的百分比是27%，既由父母又由学生引发的辱骂老师事件的百分比是9%，所以由父母造成的辱骂老师事件的百分比总数是：27%+9%=36%。‎ ‎4. What is the way to solve the abuse problem according to the passage?‎ The better understanding among teachers，students and parents. /Good communication. /Respecting each other. /Good communication and respecting each other. ‎ 由第三段中We think that the way to solve the problem is the better understanding among teachers，students and parents. Besides good communication，respecting each other is very important. 可知答案。‎ ‎5. After reading the passage，what do you think of this kind of social phenomenon(现象)?‎ It is important for students to respect teachers because it shows the development of the society. /I think we should try to avoid it. It can hurt both teachers and students. /... (开放性题目)‎ ‎(五)‎ ‎(2016·吉林，F)I was a schoolgirl in Grade 7 when Danny came to my school and became one of my classmates. He was handsome with blond hair，so many girls in my class liked him very much. Every day，his parents picked him up in an old car. We all realized he was from a poor family. I had a poor family as well，but I just hid it from everyone. I was afraid the kids in my class would leave me if they knew the truth. ‎ ‎ One day，our teacher，Mr. Sims，announced that we would have a field trip. We decided to go to an amusement park. My classmates were excited. I sat back and looked at them，knowing that my parents did not have the money to send me. To my surprise，Danny stood up and said simply, “I won’t go with you. My dad hurt his back and lost his job. I am not asking my parents for money. ”‎ ‎“Danny，I’m very proud of you for understanding the situation that your parents are in. ”Mr. Sims replied. “But the trip is at the end of the month；we have plenty of time to raise money for it. ”While walking home from school that day，I noticed three boys talking with Danny. I was a little worried that they were giving him a hard time. But as I got closer，I found they were only discussing how to raise money for the trip.‎ ‎ By standing up and admitting (承认) he was poor，Danny changed my life. I no longer felt I had to lie about my family’s situation. As for Danny，I will remember his courage and honesty forever. ‎ 短文大意：“我”在7年级时，害怕同学知道自己家庭贫困，向每个人隐瞒事实。但同学丹尼对同学们很坦诚，说明家庭困境。“我”由此受到触动，觉得不需要撒谎，“我”将会永远记住他的勇气和诚实。‎ 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。‎ ‎1. Why did many girls like Danny in the class?‎ Because he was handsome (with blond hair). ‎ 由第一段中的He was handsome with blond hair，so many girls in my class liked him very much. 可知，许多女孩很喜欢丹尼，是因为他很英俊，而且留着金发。‎ ‎2. Where did the students decide to go for the field trip?‎ They decided to go to an amusement park. /To an amusement park. /An amusement park. ‎ 由第二段中的We decided to go to an amusement park. (我们决定去一个游乐园。) 可知，学生们决定去游乐园。‎ ‎3. What was the matter with Danny’s father?‎ He hurt his back (and lost his job). ‎ 由第二段中的To my surprise，Danny stood up and said simply，“I won’t go with you. My dad hurt his back and lost his job... ”可知，丹尼的父亲背部受伤，且失去了工作。‎ ‎4. Did the three boys fight with Danny after school?‎ No. /No，they didn’t. ‎ 由文中第三段的While walking home from school that day，I noticed three boys talking with Danny... But as I got closer，I found they were only discussing how to raise money for the trip. 可知，三个男生在和丹尼讨论如何筹钱去郊游。他们没有打架，因此要作否定回答。‎ ‎5. What did the writer learn from Danny?‎ His courage and honesty. / (The) Courage and honesty. /She learnt (learned) his courage and honesty (from Danny/him). ‎ 由文中的As for Danny，I will remember his courage and honesty forever. (至于丹尼，我将永远记住他的勇气和诚实。) 可知，作者从丹尼身上学到了勇气和诚实。‎ ‎(六)‎ ‎(2016·天津)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。‎ ‎ Steve Jobs was born on 24th February 1955 in San Francisco，California. As a child，he often worked with his father on electronics.‎ ‎ In high school，he met Bill Fernandez and Steve Wozniak (or “Woz”). Woz and Bill showed Jobs a computer board that they were building at the time. Jobs was very interested in it.‎ ‎ After high school，Jobs went to one of the best colleges in Oregon. However，he dropped out only after a few months. In the meantime，Woz worked for Hewlett-Packard，but found time to build his own computer. When Jobs saw what Woz had done，he could imagine that people would need it very much.‎ ‎ Together，they set up a company called Apple. Apple Computer became a big success，and this made Jobs a rich man. Unfortunately，Jobs’s personality (性格) made him very difficult to work with. He left Apple to set up another company. Soon，Apple started to do badly. Jobs returned to Apple and helped make the company successful again.‎ ‎ Back at Apple，Jobs was responsible (负责) for the development of the iMac，iTunes，iPod，iPhone and iPad.‎ ‎ In 2003，Jobs got very ill and died on 5th October 2011. ‎ 短文大意：本文介绍了苹果公司的创始人之一史蒂夫·乔布斯的创业经历。乔布斯在学生时代就对电子感兴趣。后来他与沃兹相识，并共同创办了世界闻名的苹果公司。‎ ‎1. When Jobs was in high school, Woz and Bill showed him 　　　　 that they were building. ‎ a computer board 由第二段的第一、二句In high school，he met... Woz and Bill showed Jobs a computer board that they were building at the time. 可知，当乔布斯在高中时，沃兹和比尔给他看了一块他们当时正在组装的电脑电路板。‎ ‎2. When Woz worked for Hewlett-Packard，he found time to 　　　　. ‎ build his own computer 由第三段的第三句In the meantime，Woz worked for Hewlett-Packard，but found time to build his own computer. 可知，当沃兹为惠普公司工作时，他找时间组装自己的电脑。‎ ‎3. Jobs and Woz set up 　　　　 called Apple. ‎ a company 由第四段的第一句Together，they set up a company called Apple. 可知，乔布斯和沃兹创办了一家叫“苹果”的公司。‎ ‎4. Jobs left Apple because he　　　　. ‎ was very difficult to work with 由第四段的第三、四句Unfortunately，Jobs’s personality made him very difficult to work with. He left Apple to set up another company. 可知，乔布斯离开苹果公司是因为他很难与他人共事。‎ ‎5. In 2003，Jobs 　　　　 and died on 5th October 2011. ‎ got very ill 由短文最后一句In 2003，Jobs got very ill and died on 5th October 2011.‎ ‎ 可知，在2003年，乔布斯病重并于2011年10月5日去世。‎ ‎(七)‎ ‎(2016·陕西)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。‎ ‎ Stanford is a world famous university on the west coast of the U. S. It was built by Stanford and his wife in memory of their only son who died of a strange disease.‎ ‎ Tourists are often surprised at the beauty of Stanford. Among the green trees，buildings with yellow walls and red tops make up a beautiful picture. Many tourists wonder why yellow and red were chosen. That’s because they were the favourites of Mrs. Stanford.‎ ‎ The Big Church is the most important building in Stanford. It stands at the centre. It was built by Mrs. Stanford to remember her husband who devoted (贡献) himself to the university. There，students and teachers can communicate with God and hold great activities，such as concerts and celebrations.‎ ‎ The tallest building in Stanford is Hoover Tower，which is the land mark of the university. A man named Hoover had done a lot for the university. The things he once used can be seen on the first floor. On the top of the tower，tourists can have a good look at the whole campus (校园).‎ ‎ As one of the world top universities，Stanford has many subjects that stand among the top ones in the world. And computer science has been the first for many years. If you want to study computer in a university abroad，maybe it is your best choice. ‎ 短文大意：本文主要介绍了美国著名的斯坦福大学。于绿树掩映中，斯坦福大学建筑的黄墙红顶相得益彰，构成了一幅美丽的画卷。大学是斯坦福夫妇为纪念病故的儿子所建。大教堂是大学里最重要的建筑，师生们可以在此与上帝交流并进行各种活动；胡佛塔是最高的建筑，在塔顶可俯瞰整个校园；作为世界顶尖的大学之一，斯坦福大学有许多处于世界尖端的学科。‎ ‎1. Why did Mr. and Mrs. Stanford build the university?‎ Because they wanted to remember 　　　　　　. ‎ their (only) son 由短文第一段最后一句It was built by Stanford and his wife in memory of their only son who died of a strange disease. 可知，斯坦福夫妇建立斯坦福大学是为了纪念他们 (唯一) 的儿子。‎ ‎2. What colour did Mrs. Stanford like best?‎ She preferred 　　　　　　 to other colours. ‎ yellow and red 由第二段倒数第一、二句Many tourists wonder why yellow and red were chosen. That’s because they were the favourites of Mrs. Stanford. 可知答案。‎ ‎3. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?‎ It tells us the Big Church is 　　　　　　　　　 in Stanford. ‎ the most important building 由第三段第一句The Big Church is the most important building in Stanford. 及后面的介绍可知答案。‎ ‎4. Where can visitors see the whole campus of Stanford?‎ They can see the whole campus on the top of 　　　　　　　. ‎ Hoover Tower/the tower 由第四段最后一句On the top of the tower，tourists can have a good look at the whole campus. 可知答案。‎ ‎5. What does “it” in the last sentence of the passage refer to?‎ It refers to. ‎ Stanford/computer in Stanford/the university 由最后一段前两句As one of the world top universities，Stanford has many subjects that stand among the top ones in the world. And computer science has been the first for many years. 可知，短文最后一句中的it指的是斯坦福大学，或更具体一些，指的是斯坦福大学的计算机专业。‎ ‎(八)‎ ‎(2016·河北)阅读短文，并按要求完成1~5题。‎ ‎ Where does your food come from?How is it made?These days，many people worry about food safety. But food safety is not a new worry. In 1906，Upton Sinclair wrote the Jungle. The book is the story of a poor family in Chicago. It is also about the dangerous ways that food was prepared. People were so worried that the U. S. started testing food.‎ ‎ These days，most food in the world is safe. Laws control where food comes from. They also control how food is managed and prepared. Laws are important. But it’s more important to make sure the rules are followed. A good food safety system (系统) keeps people safe. It also helps them eat healthy food. Labels (标签) on food give people important information. Then they can make good choices about their food.‎ ‎ Although food safety systems usually work，there can be problems. Sometimes mistakes are made. For example，a truck might carry eggs and then ice cream. The ice cream could make people sick when the truck isn’t cleaned before carrying it. Other problems are not mistakes. Sometimes companies break rules to make more money. When this happens，people don’t know if their food is safe.‎ ‎ As we all know，food is closely related to our daily life. We should take actions to make food safer!‎ 短文大意：食品与我们的日常生活联系紧密，食品安全问题是人们都关心的。虽然有法律、有食品安全系统，但仍然会出现一些问题，我们应该采取行动来让我们的食品更安全。‎ ‎1题完成句子；2~3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下第三段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。‎ ‎1. People were so worried about food safety that the U. S. started 　　　　　　　　　　　. ‎ testing food/to test food 由短文第一段最后一句People were so worried that the U. S. started testing food. (人们如此担忧以至于美国开始检测食品。) 可知填testing food。此处也可用start to do sth. 结构，故也可填to test food。‎ ‎2. What can people do after reading the information on food labels?‎ They/People can make good choices/a good choice (about their food). 或Make good choices/a good choice (about their food). ‎ 由短文第二段最后两句Labels (标签) on food give people important information. Then they can make good choices about their food. (食物上的标签给了人们重要的信息。然后他们可以做出关于他们的食物的好的选择。) 可知答案。‎ ‎3. When could ice cream make people sick in the example?‎ When the truck isn’t cleaned/clean (before carrying it). ‎ 由短文第三段第四句The ice cream could make people sick when the truck isn’t cleaned before carrying it. (当货车在运送冰激凌之前没有被清理时，冰激凌会使人们生病。) 可知答案。‎ ‎4. Although food safety systems usually work，there can be problems. ‎ 通读整段，由关键词“mistakes”“sick”可知本段讲述的是食品安全系统出现的问题。故第一句Although food safety systems usually work，there can be problems. (尽管食品安全系统通常起作用，但是也会有问题。) 为本段主题句。‎ ‎5. 但是确保/保证执行/遵守法律/法规更加重要。(但是确保/保证法律/法规被执行/遵守更加重要。) ‎ 分析句子结构可知本句为it作形式主语的句型，It is+adj. +to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”；make sure意为“确保”。‎ ‎(九)‎ ‎(2016·山东青岛)阅读下面短文，按要求完成各项任务。‎ ‎　　Many people run for exercise. But what will you do if you are not a “born” runner or jogger (慢跑者)?You may still want a kind of exercise that’s inexpensive and easy to do. Why not try walking?‎ ‎ Walking requires no special equipment (装备). It is a kind of exercise that almost any normal，healthy person can do. Walking is good for your health like jogging or running；it will just take longer. Jogging and running make your heart work harder than walking. They also put more stress on your legs and feet than walking does.‎ ‎ The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously. But there’s a big difference between serious walking and the walking that most of us do. Walking，like jogging，should have a steady and continuous motion (稳健而持续的动作).‎ ‎ If you want to get your exercise by walking，you need to have your own walking plan. After all，runners and joggers set goals for themselves. Walkers need goals，too. You also need to set a course to walk. Start by walking about 15-30 minutes a day. Increase your time and distance (距离) slowly. And try increasing your walking speed little by little.‎ ‎ If you prefer to jog or run，follow the same advice. Start off slowly. Spend most of the first few days just walking. Then，start walking and running on the same day. Run or jog a short distance，then walk for a while，then，run, then walk. Follow that pattern for 15-30 minutes a day. Slowly make each run longer and each walk shorter. Later on，you can increase your distance，speed and exercise time. ‎ 短文大意：本文提到了跑步、慢跑和步行三种锻炼方式。但重点介绍了步行：要有步行计划、步行时间及目标设定等。‎ 任务一　将划线短语a “born” runner译为汉语。‎ 一位天生的跑步者 born在此处为形容词，意为“天生的”；runner名词，意为“赛跑者；跑步者”。‎ 任务二　列举两条jogging和running对身体部位的影响。‎ ‎1. make ‎ ‎2. ‎ ‎1. your heart work hard ‎2. put much stress on your legs and feet 第二段中有关键信息：Jogging and running make your heart work harder than walking. They also put more stress on your legs and feet than walking does. 在回答本题时不应使用比较级形式，故应是make your heart work hard和put much stress on your legs and feet。‎ 任务三　回答问题。What’s the problem with walking?‎ The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously. ‎ 由第三段首句The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously.可知答案。‎ 任务四　选出作者关于步行健身的两种建议，将字母代号填写在答题卡上。‎ A. Have a walking plan. ‎ B. Walk fast at the beginning. ‎ C. Start by walking an hour a day. ‎ D. Increase distance and speed little by little. ‎ ‎1. ‎ ‎2. ‎ ‎1. A　2. D 由第四段首句If you want to get your exercise by walking，you need to have your own walking plan. 可知A项Have a walking plan. 是作者提出的一个建议；由第四段的最后两句Increase your time and distance slowly. And try increasing your walking speed little by little. 可知D项Increase distance and speed little by little. 是作者提到的另一个建议，而B项Walk fast at the beginning. 不是作者的建议；由第四段的Start by walking about 15-30 minutes a day. 知C项Start by walking an hour a day. 也不是作者的建议。‎ 任务五　找出最后一段的主题句。‎ If you prefer to jog or run，follow the same advice. ‎ 由该段第一句句意“如果你更喜欢慢跑或跑步，遵循相同的建议”可知其后的内容都是关于怎么交替进行步行与跑步的建议的。故首句为中心句。‎ ‎(十)‎ ‎(2016·山东烟台，D)‎ ‎　　This is a home of the future，a “smart home”，where technology can do almost everything. Imagine we are in the year 2050，①the computer wakes Tom up in the morning as usual. In front of him is a to-do list of the important events for the day，and it is provided by the computer，too. According to Tom’s request，the computer serves a list of possible dishes. All the dishes are nice.‎ ‎ As Tom eats breakfast，the computer reminds him to reply to Lucy. Before Tom finishes his next bite，Lucy’s computer receives the message. Then Tom goes to the supermarket. The store’s system checks his car when he drives to the pickup area and greets him by name. “Good morning，Tom!Your order is in Case 4. Thank you for shopping. ” When Tom removes his order from Case 4，all trades are completed automatically (自动地) over the information superhighway. That is，the money is electronically paid into the bank. Soon after arriving at the office，Tom reads another message from Lucy，telling him that she will go to dinner with him.‎ ‎ The smart home can also do many other things:‎ ‎◆Find things like keys and mobile phones.‎ ‎◆②　　　　　　　(打开或关闭) machines and lights with your voice. ‎ ‎◆Clean your home from clothes to buildings automatically. ‎ ‎◆Record everything and everyone entering and leaving the house. ‎ ‎◆Take care of each member of the family，young or old. ‎ ‎③With the development of technology，the smart home will come true in the future. It is sure to play an important part in our life.‎ ‎ 短文大意：本文主要介绍了未来的智能住宅。随着科技的发展，智能住宅将成为现实。在未来，科技几乎能做所有的事情，如叫人起床，安排一天的行程，做饭，找钥匙、手机之类的东西，根据声音打开或关闭机器和灯，打扫房间……‎ 请根据短文内容，完成下列任务。‎ ‎1. Does Tom need to take money with him while shopping?Why?‎ No，he doesn’t. Because the money is electronically paid into the bank. /Because all trades are completed automatically over the information superhighway. ‎ 由第二段中的句子...all trades are completed automatically over the information superhighway. That is，the money is electronically paid into the bank. 可知答案。‎ ‎2. 请将①处划线部分句子改为被动语态。‎ Tom is woken up in the morning as usual by the computer. ‎ 由句中的wakes可知，句子是一般现在时，宾语是Tom，故被动语态的主语为Tom，谓语为is woken。主动语态的主语在被动语态中用by短语表示。‎ ‎3. 根据汉语提示，完成②处所缺信息。‎ Turn on or turn off/Turn on or off/Switch on or switch off/Switch on or off turn on/switch on为固定短语，意为“打开”，它们的反义短语为turn off/switch off，意为“关闭”。联系上下文可知，此句是祈使句，故turn/switch用原形。‎ ‎4. Tom knows somebody visited his home because the smart home can 　　　　　　. ‎ record (everything and) everyone entering and leaving the house 由文中句子Record everything and everyone entering and leaving the house. 可知，汤姆知道有人拜访了他家是因为智能住宅能记录进入和离开他家的所有人和物。‎ ‎5. 请将③处划线部分英语译成汉语。‎ 随着科技的发展，在将来智能住宅将成为现实。‎ with为介词，表示伴随；come true为固定短语，意为“实现”。‎