中考英语 语法难点汇总二 专题辅导 5页

中考英语语法难点汇总（二）‎ 短语动词 I.‎‎ 要点 英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：‎ ‎(1) 动词＋介词 常见的有 look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：‎ Don't laugh at others.‎ I didn't care about it.‎ ‎(2) 动词＋副词 常见的有 give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out 等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.‎ Please don't forget to hand it in.‎ ‎(3) 动词＋副词＋介词 常见的有 look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：‎ All his money added up to no more than $100.‎ After a short rest, he went on with his research work.‎ ‎(4) 动词＋名词＋介词 常见的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.‎ We should make full use of our time.‎ ‎(5) 动词＋形容词 常见的有 leave open, set free, cut open 等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：‎ The prisoners were set free.‎ He cut it open.‎ ‎(6) 动词＋名词 常见的有 take place, make friends 等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：‎ This story took place three years ago.‎ I make friends with a lot of people.‎ ‎(7) 辨析 give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止)‎ put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭)‎ turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开)‎ keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近)‎ make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认)‎ take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出)‎ II. 例题 例1. It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.‎ A put away B kept up C given away D laid up 解析：该题c正确give away 意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。‎ 例2. Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.‎ A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship 解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。‎ 例3. ____! There's a train coming.‎ A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on 解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。‎ 动词不定式 I.‎‎ 要点 ‎1、 不定式的形式。以动词 write 为例。‎ 式｜语态 主动语态被动语态 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 进行式 to be writing 完成进行式 to have been writing ‎2、 不定式的句法功能 ‎(1) 作主语 To hear from you is nice.‎ To be a good teacher is not easy.‎ 不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It's nice to hear from you.‎ It's not easy to be a good teacher.‎ ‎(2) 作宾语 通常用于 want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help 等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door.‎ Please remember to write to me.‎ ‎(3) 作表语 My job is to pick up letters.‎ He seemed to have heard nothing.‎ ‎(4) 作定语 不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：‎ I have two letters to write.‎ I have a lot of work to do.‎ ‎(5) 作宾补 通常用于 want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force 等词后。如：‎ He ordered her to leave at once.‎ He was forced to obey his order.‎ ‎(6) 作状语 He got up early to catch the first bus.‎ He worked hard to catch up with the other students.‎ ‎(7) 作独立成分 To tell you the truth, I told a lie.‎ ‎(8)"疑问词＋不定式"结构。 如：‎ I don't know how to choose them.‎ I cannot decide where to go.‎ ‎(9) 不定式的否定式。如：‎ I decided not to go.‎ ‎(10) 不定式的完成式。如：‎ He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.‎ The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.‎ ‎(11) too … to 结构。如：‎ He was too excited to go to sleep.‎ He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去。)‎ ‎(12) 主动表被动。如：‎ The book is easy to read.‎ I have a book to read.‎ II. 例题 例1. I haven't got a chair ____.‎ A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting 解析：该题选C。不定式 to sit on 在句中作定语，修饰名词 chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处 on 不能省略。‎ 例2. He was made ____. A. go B. gone C. going D. to go 解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式 do 前的 to 不能省略。‎ 例3. A new factory is ____ very soon.‎ A. to be built B. built C. to build D. to building 解析：该题选A。is to be built 意为"将要被建。‎ 相关联系题 ‎1 -Have you got some water to drink?‎ ‎-Here you are. There___ still some in the bottle.‎ A. are B. were C. is D. was ‎2 _____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?‎ A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were ‎3 There ____ a great many accidents last year.‎ A. were B. are C. is D. was ‎4 -How many children ____ in the picture?‎ ‎-Three.‎ A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there ‎5 In‎ 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.‎ A. were B. has been C. / D. was ‎6 Most of our earth____ covered by water.‎ A. are B. is C. was D. were ‎7 Sunday ____ the first day of the week.‎ A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎8. Neither___right.‎ A. answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't ‎9. The population of the world ____ still ____ now.‎ A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown ‎10. There ____ many people running in the park every morning.‎ A. is B. were C. are D. have ‎11. These police often___the children across the street.‎ A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping ‎12. ___ going to England by air next week.‎ A. The Green family are B. The Greens family are C. The Green's family are D. Green family are ‎13. The whole family ____ enjoying the beautiful music now.‎ A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all ‎14. Our class ___ big.‎ A. is B. are C. were D. will ‎15. Neither he nor I ____ from Canada. We are from Australia.‎ A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎16. Either you or he ____ right.‎ A. are B. is C. does D. were ‎17. Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing.‎ A. is B. are C. is not D. are not ‎18. Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary ____ busy.‎ A. is B. was C. are D. has ‎19. Physics ___ interesting to us.‎ A. are B. has C. is D. were ‎20 The news____ exciting. We got excited at it.‎ A. is B. was C. were D. are ‎21. Though mathematics____ hard, we all work at it hard.‎ A. are B. were C. was D. is 参考答案：‎ C D A D D B A C C C A A D A C B A C C B D