2020中考英语专题复习 38 短文填空教案 3页

‎ 38短文填空 ‎【教学目标】‎ 教会学生短文填空这一题型及解题技巧方法，如：先通读了解文意，再复读确定语义词形，最后验证答案的方法。‎ ‎【重点难点】‎ 利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，仔细揣摩需要填词的句子，先确定空格处所需填的词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。‎ ‎【命题目的】‎ 本题重点考查学生对短文的理解以及对词汇的掌握情况。考查的都是较为常见的基础词汇和一些固定搭配，考查学生在一定的语境中理解运用词汇的能力，形式灵活，具有较强的交际性和实践性。‎ ‎【真题例析】‎ 请根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文意思通顺、正确、连贯，方框中有两个词是多余项。(2016●山西)‎ I，make，teach，after，large，control，try，leaf，small，quiet，before，without As a child，I got angry quite easily and was not good at communicating with others.‎ I still remember it was an early autumn. Some 1 started to turn yellow and weather became cool. One day，as I was getting ready for school，my mother carelessly handed me my father’s vest (背心) instead of 2 ．At that time，I was getting to have a 3 size than my father，so when I put on the vest，I felt as if I wasn’t able to breathe！I realized that it was a small mistake which 4 by my mother，but somehow the breathless feeling was so strong that it made me very angry. My mother said sorry with a smile，but I shouted at her 5 ‎ thinking much，I got it off my body so wildly that I made a hole in it. I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house 6 my mother could stop me.‎ Later，my mother shared her bad feelings with my father，“See what your son has done.” Instead of saying he would scold (责备) or beat me，my father 7 asked my mother to mend the vest.‎ 3‎ Later when my mother told me about my father’s response，I felt ashamed (惭愧的) of my bad behavior. My father’s gentle kindness 8 me a lesson which I would never forget. ‎ On that day，I decided not to let anger 9 me any longer. Of course，there are times when I am angry. However，whenever that happens，I 10 to remember my father’s vest. It always reminds me to think about others’ feelings when I get angry.‎ ‎1.【解析】答案: leaves。该题考查名词。根据上句it was an early autumn和该句信息started to turn yellow，推测该句中指的是树叶leaf；根据句中的some可知用复数形式leaves。‎ ‎2．【解析】答案: mine。该题考查代词。根据后面的句意I realized that it was a small mistake which...by my mother推测该句句意：我的母亲所给的背心不是我的。根据句中的instead of可知该空应填名词性物主代词mine。‎ ‎3．【解析】答案: larger。该题考查形容词比较级。根据后面的句子…I felt as if I wasn’t able to breathe！及句中的than my father，可知该句用形容词large的比较级larger。‎ ‎4．【解析】答案: was made。该题考查动词辨析。该句是由which引导的定语从句，根据句中的by my mother可知该句为被动语态；且该句为一般过去式，故填was made。‎ ‎5．【解析】答案: without。该题考查介词。根据上句My mother said sorry with a smile和转折连词but推测该句句意为“但是我不假思索地向她大吼。”，故填without。‎ ‎6．【解析】答案: before。该题考查连词。根据上下文可推测该句句意为“我穿上自己的背心，在母亲阻止我之前冲出屋子。”，故应填before。‎ ‎7．【解析】答案: quietly。该题考查副词。根据句意Instead of saying he would scold(责备) or beat me，推测该句句意为“我父亲平静地让我妈妈修补这件背心。”，因为空中的词修饰动词ask，故用副词形式quietly。‎ ‎8．【解析】答案: taught。该题考查动词。根据文意可推测该句句意为“爸爸的温和仁慈教会了我一个永远都不会忘记的教训。”，应用动词teach的一般过去时，故填taught。‎ ‎9．【解析】答案: control。该题考查动词。该句句意为“我决定不再让愤怒(的情绪)控制我了。”， let的后面用动词原形，故填control。‎ ‎10．【解析】答案: will try。该题考查动词。该句句意为“每当发生这种情况，我会尽量记得父亲的背心。”，该句是whenever引导的让步状语从句，从句用的是一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时态；try to do sth.是固定短语，意为“尽力去做某事”，故填will try。‎ ‎【答题技巧】‎ 3‎ ‎1. 先对备选的词汇的词性作简单标记，如：名词n.，动词v.，形容词a.，副词ad.等，同时对词义作初步的理解。‎ ‎2. 根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意发现固定搭配关系，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。‎ ‎3. 在填词过程中要注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有“’s”不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。‎ ‎4. 完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。‎ ‎【教后反思】‎ 3‎