2017中考英语复习教学案语法专项1名词 11页

‎ 第一部分 语法专项 一、 名词 ‎【考纲分析】‎ ‎1. 中考考纲 : (1) 可数名词及其单复数; (2) 不可数名词; (3) 专有名词 (4) 名词所有格 ‎2. 近5年中考名词的考点及分值分布 年份 题型 分值 考查内容 ‎2012年 单项选择 ‎1‎ 可数名词: sheep 完形填空 ‎2‎ 可数名词:restaurant， 不可数名词:trouble 短文填空 ‎1‎ 不可数名词:homework ‎2013年 单项选择 ‎1‎ 不可数名词:chicken （鸡肉）‎ 完形填空 ‎2‎ 可数名词:coach， 不可数名词:biscuit 短文填空 ‎4.5‎ 专有名词:June , 可数名词/ 不可数名词: river / water , once ‎2014年 单项选择 ‎1‎ 可数所有格:Women’s 完形填空 ‎2‎ 可数名词:bird， face 短文填空 ‎1.5‎ 可数名词: restaurant ‎2015年 单项选择 ‎1‎ 可数名词 / 不可数名词 ; symbol , culture 完形填空 ‎2‎ 不可数名词: advice , happiness 短文填空 ‎1.5‎ 不可数名词: interest (名胜)‎ ‎2016年 单项选择 ‎1‎ 不可数名词: glass (玻璃)‎ 完形填空 ‎2‎ 不可数名词: success， money 短文填空 ‎1.5‎ 可数名词: feet ‎【自主学习】‎ 一、把下列名词分类，并说明基本用法 bag, news, weather, music, apple, job, work, student, rice, bread, juice, game, house, English, meal, money, monkey, salt, grass, advice, week, beef, information, idea, sheep ‎ 不可数名词有： ‎ 不可数名词的基本用法：没有__________ 形式， 不可以与____________ 连用。‎ 可数名词有： ‎ 可数名词的基本用法：有__________ 形式，可以与____________ 连用。‎ 二、写出下列名词的复数形式：‎ ‎ 1．clock __ map 2. brush watch ‎ ‎ 3． piano tomato __ 4．factory monkey ‎ ‎5．knife leaf 6．man German ‎ ‎ 7. Chinese sheep 8. child foot __ ‎ 三、把下列短语译成英语 ‎1. 三杯牛奶 2. 一块面包 3. 许多建议 ‎ ‎4. 许多德国人      5. 六个男学生       6. 五个女老师 ‎ ‎7. LiLei的帽子  8. 学生们的桌子 9. 妇女节 ‎ ‎10. 教师节 11.儿童节 12. Lucy 和Lily共有的单车 ‎ ‎13 Lucy 和Tom各自的单车 14. 8天的假期 / ____________‎ 答案：‎ 一、略 二、1.clocks , maps 2. brushes, watches 3. pianos, tomatoes 4. factories, monkeys ‎ ‎5. knives, leaves 6. men , Germans 7. Chinese, sheep 8. children, feet 三、1. three cups of milk 2. a piece of bread 3. much/ a lot of / lots of advice ‎ ‎ 4. many Germans 5. six boy students 6. five women teachers ‎ ‎7. Lilei’s hat 8. students’ desks 9. Women’s Day.‎ ‎10. Teachers’ Day. 11. Children’s Day 12. Lucy and Lily’s bike ‎ ‎13. Lucy’s and Tom’s bikes 14. eight days’ holiday / an eight-day holiday ‎【教师点拨】‎ 名词的种类 专有名词 普通名词 国名、地名、人名、 ‎ 团体、机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词、集体名词 抽象名词、物质名词 ‎ 考点1：可数名词 一、基本用法 ‎(1)可数名词后可以加s或es构成复数形式，用于表达超过“一个”的数的概念。‎ ‎(2)只与可数名词复数连用的单词：few(几乎没有)，a few(一些), many/a great many(许多)‎ ‎(3)既能与可数名词连用也能与不可数名词连用的单词：some, any, a lot of/lots of, plenty of。例如：‎ There is some/a lot of milk in the bottle.‎ There are some/a lot of flowers in the garden.‎ 二、 名词单复数规则变化 规 律 例 词 ‎① 一般在词尾直接加s book—books 　chair—chairs ‎② 以s， x，o, sh， ch结尾的单词通常在词尾加es class—classes box—boxes 　 ‎ brush—brushes 　watch—watches ‎③ 以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，把y改i，再加es ‎ 但以元音＋y结尾的词，则直接在词尾加s family—families 　factory—factories key—keys 　monkey—monkeys ‎④ 以o结尾的词，有生命的名词加es 但无生命名词则直接加s，如：‎ potato—potatoes　 tomato—tomatoes 　hero—heroes radio—radios zoo—zoos ‎⑤ 以f或fe结尾的词，改f或fe为v 加es leaf—leaves 　thief—thieves 三、 名词复数的不规则变化 规律 例词 ‎① 变中间的元音字母 man—men， woman—women，foot—feet， tooth—teeth， child—children， mouse—mice ‎②表示“某国人”的名词单复变化 ‎( 记忆口决：中日不变英法变，其余s 加后面。)‎ Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese Frenchman—Frenchmen　Englishman—Englishmen German—Germans American—Americans 　Indian—Indians Australian—Australians ‎ ‎③单复数一样的名词 Chinese and Japanese 吃 sheep , deer and fish ‎ 如：a Chinese -- two Chinese , a sheep -- many sheep ‎④ 有的名词只有复数形式 people, police, clothes, trousers , pants , jeans , scissors, shorts ‎⑤ 有的名词即可表整体，也可表成员 family, class, team, group ‎ ‎⑥ 由两个名词组成的名词词组，通常只变后面一个名词为复数;‎ 注意：但如果前面名词是man或woman时，则两个名词都要变成复数 an apple tree—two apple trees 　 ‎ a girl student—many girl students ‎ a man teacher—some men teachers 　‎ ‎ a woman doctor—ten women teachers ‎【课堂检测】‎ ‎( 　) 1. When Peter comes， please ask him to leave a 　　　.‎ A. notice B. message C. sentence D .information ‎(　　)2 .If you work harder, you'll have another　　　 to play the violin at a concert.‎ A. sleep B. chance C. mistake D. problem ‎(　　)3.—Lily, could you please pass me the　　　　？ I want to cut the apple.‎ ‎—Sure, here you are. ‎ A. pen　　 B. pencil C. book D. knife ‎(　　)4. . Eating more and is good for our health . ‎ A. vegetables, tomatoes B. meat, fish C. vegetable, potatoes D. photos, tomatoes ‎(　　)5.—What a good 　　　　 you've given me！ Thanks a lot.‎ ‎—My pleasure. A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice ‎ 考点2：不可数名词 一、基本用法 ‎(1) 不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与a/an或具体数字连用，但特指某物时可以与定冠 ‎ ‎ 词the连用。‎ ‎(2) 要表示一定的数量时，常与a cup of, a bottle of, a piece of 等量词连用，如a cup of tea ‎ ‎ 一杯茶； two bottles of water两瓶水 ‎ 注意：区别two boxes of chalk与two boxes of apples。‎ ‎(3) 只能修饰不可数名词的词有：a little(一点)，little(几乎没有)，much/a great deal of(许 ‎ 多)‎ ‎ (4) 常考的不可数名词有：‎ ‎ food， drink (饮料), orange（橙汁）， milk， rice， bread， meat（肉）， chicken ‎ ‎ （鸡肉）， pork（猪肉）， beef（牛肉），work， homework， news（新闻） advice ‎ （建议）， information（信息）， weather（天气）， Chinese（汉语）， knowledge（知 ‎ 识） 等 ‎【课堂检测】‎ ‎(　　)1. —After P.E.， I often feel very thirsty.‎ ‎—Why not buy some 　　　　 to drink？ ‎ A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas ‎(　　) 2. .I want a sweet milk. Put some 　　　　 in my cup， please. ‎ A. ice B. soup C. salt D. sugar ‎(　　)3 . —Good morning, madam. Can I help you?‎ ‎—Sure, I’d like . ‎ A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread ‎ C. one bowl of dumplings D. a kilo of oil ‎(　　) 4. —Can I help you ?‎ ‎ —Yes. I want to get some ________ about the trip to America.‎ ‎ A. news B. information C. help D. advice ‎ ‎ (　　) 5. Your mother cooks nice __________. I like it very much. ‎ ‎ A. bread B. beef C. eggs D. dumplings  考点3：名词所有格 在英语中，有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，常在词尾加’s 表示所属关系，叫做名词的所有格。翻译成：“的”。如：Tom’s bike (汤姆的单车)‎ 名词的所有格 例词、例句 ‎① 直接在词尾加's.‎ Kate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day ‎② 以s结尾的名词所有格，在词尾加 '‎ Teachers' Day, students' books ‎③ 表示两人共同拥有的人或物，在后一个人名后加's Lucy and Lily's mother （共同的妈妈）‎ ‎④ 表示两人分别拥有的人或物，则两个人名后都要加's Tom's and Jim's rooms （各自的房间）‎ ‎⑤ 表某人的家、‎ at the doctor's（在医务室）； ‎ at Tom’s (在汤姆的家)‎ 店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时，所有格后面的名词常常省略：‎ ‎⑥ 表示无生命名词的所有格，用of 表达 the door of the room， the color of the clothes ‎⑦ 双重所有格：用’s所有格/ 与 of 所有格相结合。‎ A friend of my father's 　‎ a book of mine 注意：‎ 但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词，也可加's构成所有格： 如： today's newspaper今天的报纸 eight days' holiday ＝ an 8-day holiday八天的假期 five minutes' walk ＝ a five-minute walk 五分钟的步行路程 ‎ ‎【课堂检测】‎ ‎(　　)1.—How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？‎ ‎—It is a 　　　　 flight from Tianjin to Changsha.‎ A. 2-hour-long B.2-hours-long C.2 hours' long D.2 hour long ‎(　　)2.—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours？‎ ‎—No, it's my 　　　　. He left it there just now. ‎ A. brother B. brother's C. brothers' D. brothers ‎(　　)3. Mr. Black is a teacher of　　　. She and her classmates like him very much.‎ A. my sister B. my sister's C. my sisters D. my sisters'‎ ‎(　　)4. — we’ll have__________ holiday. What about going to Shaoshan? ‎ ‎ —Good idea！‎ A. 3 days’ B. 3 day’s C. a 3-days D. 3-day ‎ ‎(　　)5. 1．A friend of my ____ and I are going to visit_______ next week. ‎ A. father; Browns B. father's; the Browns C. father; the Browns D. father's; Browns ‎【易混词辨析】‎ ‎(1) sound，voice，noise ‎① sound “声音”，指耳朵能听到的各种声音。I heard the sound of the bell.‎ ‎② voice “声音”，主要指人的声音。She has a beautiful voice.‎ ‎③ noise 指“噪音”。词组有：make a noise等。‎ 练习：1.The 　　　　made me feel annoyed. I want to be in a quiet place.‎ ‎2.The teacher said in a loud　　　　，“Please keep silent.”‎ ‎3.At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the 　　　　of the running water.‎ ‎(2) job， work ‎① job “工作”，是可数名词。‎ ‎②work “工作”，可以作名词或动词；作名词表示“工作”时是不可数的；作名词表示“著作”时是可数的。‎ 练习：1.He has lost three 　　　　， because he doesn't 　　　　 hard.‎ ‎2.Do you want to 　　　　late？ We will have a 　　　　for you as a waiter. ‎ ‎(3) a number of， the number of ‎ ‎① a number of 表示“大量的；许多”，谓语动词用复数。‎ 如：A number of persons are playing chess.‎ ‎② the number of 表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。‎ 如：The number of people in the room is 50.‎ 练习：1.　　　　of foreign students are studying in this college.‎ ‎2.　　　　 of American students is over 30.‎ ‎(4) idea， advice ‎① idea 表示“主意”，是可数名词。 如：a good idea 一个好主意 ‎② advice表示“建议；忠告”，是不可数名词。如：a piece of advice ‎ 练习：1. Can you give me some 　　　　 on how to learn English well？‎ ‎2. He has got a good 　　　　 to deal with his old books.‎ ‎(5) news， information， message， instruction ‎ ① news 表示“新闻；消息”，是不可数名词。如：two pieces of news ‎ ② information 表示“信息；资料”， 侧重信息的价值，是不可数名词。如： some information ‎ ③ message 表示“消息；音信”，侧重信息的简短，是可数名词。 常用词组：leave a ‎ ‎ message(留言)； give a message to…(捎口信给……)‎ ‎④ instruction 表示“说明；须知；教导”， 是可数名词。如：some instructions 练习：1.What bad 　　　　！ The school trip will be put off because of the sports meeting.‎ ‎2.—I don't know how to use this machine. —It doesn't matter. Here is the　　　　.‎ ‎3.Would you please give a 　　　　 to Li Lei？ He is not at school.‎ ‎4.Can you provide me with some 　　　　 about the trip？‎ ‎(6) house， family， home ‎① house 表示“住宅”，指的是具体的房子或建筑物。‎ ‎② family 表示“家；家庭”，也可指全体家庭成员。‎ ‎③ home 意为“家”，带有眷恋等感情色彩。‎ 练习：1.I bought a new 　　　　 in Zhongshan.‎ ‎2.Tom has a big 　　　　. There are six people in his 　　　　.‎ ‎3.She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years. Shenzhen has become her second 　　　　.‎ ‎(7) 部分单词作可数名词和不可数名词时的含义不同：‎ ‎ room 房间(可数)；空间(不可数)。 glass玻璃杯(可数)；玻璃(不可数)。‎ ‎ orange橙子(可数)；橙汁(不可数)。 chicken小鸡(可数)；鸡肉(不可数)。‎ ‎ time 次数(可数)； 时间(不可数)。 ‎ ‎ 练习：1.—Oh！ There isn't enough 　　　　 for us in the bus.‎ ‎—No hurry. Let's wait for the next.(room)‎ ‎2. Mother wants to buy a piano in my 　　， but there is little　　　 in it. (room)‎ ‎3.—How many 　　　　have you been to Shanghai？ ‎ ‎—Never. I have no 　　　　.(time)‎ ‎4.These 　　　　 are made of 　　　　.(glass)‎ ‎5.There are some 　　　and two bottles of 　　　on the desk.(orange)‎ 练习答案 ‎(1)noise，voice，sound　(2)jobs，work，work，job　(3) A number，The number ‎(4) advice，idea　(5) news，instruction，message，information (6)house，family，family，home　(7)room，room，room，times，time，glasses，glass，oranges，orange ‎【课堂检测】‎ ‎( 　)1. —Listen . Can you hear anything ?‎ ‎ —Yes, That’s the ______ of the running water ‎ ‎ A. sound B. voice C. noise D. shout ‎(　 )2. There are _________ foreign students in the university. _______ if it is 200‎ ‎ A. the number of ; a number of B. a number of ; the number of ‎ ‎ C. a number of ; a number of D. the number of ; the number of ‎ ‎( 　)3. I found a new_______ in this city. I’m very busy and have a lot of ______ to do every day.‎ ‎ A. job, works B. work , job C. work , jobs D. job , work ‎( )4. — I don’t’ know how to study English. Can you give me some ________?‎ ‎ — My ________ are speaking more and listening more.‎ ‎ A. ideas; advices B. advices, suggestions C. advice; suggestions D. ideas ; suggestion ‎( )5. She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years. Shenzhen has become her second 　　　　.‎ ‎ A. home B. family C. house D. room ‎( )6. I like eating _________, so my mother keeps some _________every day.‎ ‎ A. chickens; chicken B. chicken; chickens ‎ C. chickens ; chickens D. chicken ; chicken ‎【中考回放】‎ ‎（ ）1. The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful.‎ ‎ (2016广东省卷)‎ ‎ A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles ‎（ ）2. Mickey mouse is one of the most famous _____ in American _____. (2015广东省卷)‎ A. symbol; culture B. symbol ; cultures C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures ‎ ‎（ ）3. Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on 　　　　 Day. (2014广东省卷)‎ A. Woman　　　B. Women　　 　C. Woman's　　 D. Women's ‎（ ）4. —Mum， I've heard that we can't eat 　　 　　 these days. Is it true？‎ ‎— Take it easy. It's safe to eat cooked meat. (2013广东省卷)‎ A. chicken 　　 B. chickens 　　　C. a chicken　　 D. the chicken ‎（ ）5.The students of Grade Seven visited Mike's farm and saw many 　　　　 there.‎ ‎(2012广东省卷)‎ A. bird　 B. duck　 C. sheep　 D. rabbit ‎【真题演练】‎ ‎ ( )1.—Why do people never cut up the _______________ on their birthdays?‎ ‎ —Because they are a symbol of long life. (2016东营)‎ ‎ A. eggs B. cakes C. noodles D. dumplings ‎( )2. Great ______ for football lovers-more than 50,000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025. (2016东营)‎ ‎ A. news B. message C. situation D. information ‎( )3. —Are you sure this is a photo _______, the famous comedy actress?‎ ‎ —It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin. (2016东营)‎ ‎ A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's ‎( )4. —What would you like to eat? ‎ ‎—Some _________, please. （2016铜仁）‎ ‎ A. bread B. cake C. coffee D. tea ‎( )5. —Are you going out with Jade tonight?‎ ‎ —That's my . Mind your own! （2016河南）‎ ‎ A. offer B. business C. question D. chance ‎( )6. — How far is your home from school ? —About ______ walk. (2016龙东)‎ ‎ A. five minute’s B. five minutes’ C. five minutes D. five-minute ‎ ‎( )7. All the ______enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday.‎ ‎ （2016 龙垦）‎ ‎ A. men workers B. women workers C. woman workers D. man workers ‎ ‎( )8. Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the ______. (2016淮安)‎ A. kitchen　　 B. garden　 C. bathroom　　 D. bedroom ‎( )9. Some old people need a _______ because they feel lonely. (2016江西)‎ ‎ A. gift B. stick C. pet D. watch ‎( )10. —Yan Jiashuo, a _____ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory. ‎ ‎ —Wow, she's great, isn't she? (2016连云港)‎ A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten year old D. ten years old ‎( )11. —It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language. ‎ ‎—Yes, it's an important way of _____ for them. (2016连云港)‎ A. suggestion B. vacation C. question D. communication ‎( )12. He was born in Germany, but he has made China his ______. (2016绵阳)‎ A. family B. address C. house D. home ‎( )13. Nancy took her temperature and found she had a ______. *X(2016青岛)‎ ‎ A. cough B. toothache C. cold D. fever ‎( )14. A smart phone makes a big _______ to our life. (2016西宁)‎ A. difference B. decision C. progress D. mistake ‎( )15. Steve Jobs was full of — always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society . (2016苏州)‎ A. instruction B. invitation C. informations D. invention ‎( )16. Every year many foreign friends come to see the of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe‎ ‎River. (2016天津)‎ A. concerts B. plays C. cartoons D. sights ‎( )17. It’s sports time. Most ________ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. （2016重庆）‎ ‎ A. boy B. boys C. boy’s D. boys’‎ ‎( )18. —It’s hot today. Have some ________, please.‎ ‎ —No, thanks. I’m not thirsty at all. （2016重庆）‎ ‎ A. water B. potatoes C. bread D. cakes ‎( )19. —Tu Youyou reserved the Nobel Prize for her ________of anemisinin(青蒿素).‎ ‎—And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science. (2016咸宁)‎ A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery ‎( )20. —How far is it from Beijing to Haikou? ‎ ‎—It's a______ flight from Beijing to Haikou. （2015黑龙江）‎ ‎ A. 3-hour-long B. 3 hours long C. 3 hours' long D. 3-hours-long ‎( )21. —How can I get some ______ about the 2016 Olympic Games? ‎ ‎ —Why not search the Internet? （2015安徽）‎ A. information B. experience C. practice D. success ‎( )22. I live near the station, It’s only about five ________ walk. （2015山东临沂）‎ A. minute’s B. minute C. minutes’ D. minutes ‎ ‎( )23. Every time I see the strawberries, the sweet and beautiful color always make my mouth water. (2015 山西)‎ ‎ A. voice B. taste C. shape D. size ‎( )24. — I always get nervous when I start a(n) _________ with others.‎ ‎ —Take it easy. Believe in yourself. (2015浙江衢州)‎ A. expression B. introduction C. communication D. celebration ‎( )25. —_________is coming. What can I get for my mother?‎ ‎ — What about a scarf? (2015湖南郴州)‎ ‎ A. Women’s Day B. Woman’s Day C. Womens’ Day D. Womans’ Day ‎( )26. Here are some . Do you like ? （2015贵州安顺）‎ A. oranges; them B. orange; it C. oranges; they D. oranges; their ‎( )27. Mr. Li is always patient to give me______ on how to work out the problem. ‎ ‎（2015遵义）‎ A. an advice B. many advices C. some advice D. some suggestion ‎( )28. It’s train ride from here to that city. （2015湖北鄂州）‎ A. 8 hour B. 8 hours C. 8 hours’ D. a 8-hour ‎( )29. —Whose room is this? Is it the______? —Yes, it is ______. （2015黑龙江龙东）‎ ‎ A. twins'; Tom and Tim's B. twin's; Tom's and Tim's ‎ C. twins'; Tom and Tim D. twins ; Tom and Tim’s ‎ ‎( )30. Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the _______ English Training. ‎ ‎ （2015湖北孝感）‎ ‎ A. two month B. two-months C. two months D. two- month ‎ 答案：‎ 一、名词 ‎【教师点拨】‎ ‎【考点1】1－5 BBDAC ‎ ‎【考点2】1－5 CDBBB ‎【考点3】1－5 ABBAB ‎ 【易混词辨析】1-5 ABDCA 6.B ‎【中考回放】‎ ‎1—5 ACDAC ‎ ‎【真题演练】‎ ‎1-5 CADAB 6-10 BBACA ‎ ‎11-15 DDDAD 16-20 DAADA ‎ ‎21－25 ACBCA　 26－30 ACCAD