2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 4 Pygmalion（含解析）新人教版选修8 7页

Unit 4 Pygmalion 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ Vitamin B could help reduce the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published on Monday. In the first study of its kind, a team of international researchers looked into the damage caused by one of the pollutants that have the severest impact on health—PM 2. 5. ‎ They found that Vitamin B supplement could effectively reduce the impact of the tiny particles(颗粒)on the human body, although they stressed that the research was in its early stages. According to the WHO, 92% of the world’s people are living in places where the PM 2. 5 level goes beyond the recommended level. So it’s urgent to find a solution to the problem. ‎ According to this study, published in the PNAS, 10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo(安慰剂)to check their baseline responses. The group then kept on taking placebos for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto, where an estimated 1, 000 cars passed every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygen type” face mask. The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a Vitamin B supplement daily, made up of 2. 5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of Vitamin B6, and 1 mg of Vitamin B12. ‎ Vitamin B6 can be found in liver, chicken, nuts and other things, and Vitamin B‎12 in fish, meat, eggs, milk and some cereals. The researchers found that four weeks of Vitamin B supplements reduced the damage of PM 2. 5 effects by 28-76%. The results emphasized how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight against the damage of PM 2. 5, the researchers said. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要通过一些实验告诉我们维生素B对减轻PM 2. 5对身体的伤害有什么样的功效。‎ ‎1. What’s the newly discovered effect of Vitamin B in Paragraph 1? ‎ A. It can be used to replace other vitamins in our daily life. ‎ B. It can help lower the air pollution level in the open air. ‎ 7‎ C. It can reduce the impact of PM 2. 5 on human bodies. ‎ D. It can get rid of the pollutants remaining in our bodies. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段“Vitamin B could help reduce the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published on Monday. ”, 可知维生素B可以减少造成空气污染的危险物质的影响, 而后一句又提到了对健康危害最大的危险物质是PM 2. 5, 故选C。‎ ‎2. What can be learned from the second paragraph? ‎ A. Further study about the effect of Vitamin B needs to be done. ‎ B. Vitamin B is the most important to human’s health. ‎ C. The tiny particles in the air are made up of PM 2. 5. ‎ D. 92% of the world’s people are affected by PM 2. 5. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“. . . although they stressed that the research was in its early stages. ”可知关于维生素B的功效的研究还处于初期阶段, 所以仍需进一步的研究探索。‎ ‎3. How did researchers draw the new conclusion about Vitamin B? ‎ A. By referring to a journal. ‎ B. By performing experiments. ‎ C. By interviewing scientists. ‎ D. By comparing vitamins. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a Vitamin B supplement daily, made up of 2. 5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of Vitamin B6, and 1 mg of Vitamin B12. ”, 中的experiment表明研究者是通过做实验得出新的结论的。‎ ‎4. You may read the passage on a website about ________. ‎ A. environment　　　　　 B. medicine C. education D. health ‎【解析】选D。推理判断题。本文主要通过一系列实验告诉我们维生素B可以减轻PM 2. 5对我们身体的伤害, 主题围绕着健康展开, 故选D。‎ 二、单句语法填空 7‎ ‎1．We had no ________ (hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the country.‎ 答案：hesitation　have no hesitation in doing ... “毫不犹豫地做……”。‎ ‎2．________ (classify) so many books in libraries usually takes them lots of time.‎ 答案：Classifying　句子中缺少主语，且指一般性情况，故应填动名词classifying，在句中作主语。‎ ‎3．Generally ________ (speak), youths of eighteen are too young for such work.‎ 答案：speaking　generally speaking “一般来说”。‎ ‎4．What you said has led to the ________(mistake) belief that ‎ smoking is not harmful.‎ 答案：mistaken　修饰名词belief应用形容词，故填mistaken “错误的”。‎ ‎5．The school makes it clear that essays from online should not be passed off ________being written by the students.‎ 答案：as　pass ... off as ... “把……看作或冒充成……”。‎ ‎6．________if we invited them to come here for a party instead?‎ 答案：What　固定句式what if “倘使/如果……将会怎样？”。‎ ‎7．Parents should teach their children to behave ________(proper) in public.‎ 答案：properly　此处应用副词来修饰动词behave, 故填 properly。‎ ‎8．They made rude ________(remark) about her appearance.‎ 答案：remarks　make remarks/a remark about ... “对……发表评论”。‎ ‎9．The information you gathered is ________ great help to me.‎ 答案：of　“of＋抽象名词”相当于其对应的形容词，of great ‎ help＝very helpful “非常有帮助”。‎ ‎10．________(take) according to the instructions, the medicine has no side effect.‎ 答案：Taken　所给动词与其逻辑主语medicine之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ I was surprised when I received a short message from my father wishing me a happy birthday.‎ ‎ I had __1__ to hear from my mother, my grandmother and my other relatives— __2__ never from my father. Lying in bed, __3__ of my father flooded back.‎ 7‎ ‎ When I was a little boy, I regarded my father as a(n) __4__ able to do anything. __5__ ，things slowly began to __6__. The more I learned, the more I doubted what he said. The gap between us grew and, at last, I didn't __7__ like communicating with him.‎ ‎ My father, in my mind, had no __8__ in talking with me. Dinner was the only time we were together. He had no time to watch TV with me. He would tell me to ask my mother __9__ I needed something. He even refused to answer my __10__ when I phoned from school. I __11__ the changes. I thought that perhaps my father no longer __12__ me.‎ ‎ Over time, however, I began to wonder whether my __13__ was right. One day, my mother told me that each time I called, father was __14__ listening beside her. Suddenly, I hated myself for my __15__ behavior toward him.‎ ‎ I planned thousands of times to __16__ my father. In the end, however, I was always too embarrassed about what I had done.‎ ‎ But that Saturday, I was so __17__ by his short message. I realized then that my father's love for me had never disappeared! I decided to send a __18__ ：“Thank you, my dear father.”‎ ‎ Two days later, when I returned home, my mother told me that my father had been so __19__ when he received my reply. She said he had __20__ from morning till night. At that moment, I felt truly happy.‎ ‎【文章大意】　作者回忆了自己与父亲关系的变化，体会到了父亲对他的爱从未消失过。‎ ‎1．A.expected B．intended ‎ C．planned D．wanted 答案与解析：A　根据第一段“I was surprised when I received a short message from my father...”及下文对自己与父亲之间关系的描述可知，作者预想到会收到母亲、外婆和其他亲属的来信，但从未期待过会收到来自父亲的问候。expect意为“期待”，故选A项。intend意为“想要；打算”；plan意为“计划”；want意为“想要”。‎ ‎2．A.and B．so ‎ C．but D．or 答案与解析：C'根据设空后的“never from my father”可知，作者从未期待过收到来自父亲的问候，上下文之间为转折关系，故用but连接。‎ ‎3．A.opinions B．memories ‎ C．thoughts D．responses 答案与解析：B'根据空后的“flooded back”及下一段中“When I was a little 7‎ ‎ boy...”可知，关于父亲的记忆(memories)涌入脑海中。故选B项。opinion意为“意见；看法”；thought意为“想法”；response意为“反应；答复”。‎ ‎4．A.angel B．teacher ‎ C．hero D．friend 答案与解析：C　根据空后的“able to do anything”可知，作者小时候认为父亲是一个无所不能的英雄(hero)。故选C项。‎ ‎5．A.However B．Otherwise ‎ C．Therefore D．Besides 答案与解析：A　作者小时候认为父亲是英雄，后来学到的东西越多，作者越怀疑父亲说的话，上下文之间为转折关系，故选A项。‎ ‎6．A.improve B．change ‎ C．develop D．appear 答案与解析：B　句意为：然而，情况慢慢开始发生了变化(change)。故选B项。‎ ‎7．A.still B．ever ‎ C．yet D．even 答案与解析：D　随着年龄的增长，作者与父亲之间的隔阂越来越深，甚至不喜欢与父亲交流。设空处用even表递进关系，故选D项。‎ ‎8．A.interest B．time ‎ C．chance D．courage 答案与解析：A　根据下文可知，作者的父亲不会和他一起看电视甚至有时候会拒接电话，因此，作者认为父亲没有兴趣(interest)与他聊天。故选A项。‎ ‎9．A.in case B．if ‎ C．even if D．after 答案与解析：B　如果作者需要什么东西，父亲会让他问母亲。根据语境可知选B项，if引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎10．A.letters B．emails ‎ C．questions D．calls 答案与解析：D'根据下文“when I phoned from school”可知，作者从学校打来电话，父亲甚至会拒接。故选D项。‎ ‎11．A.got fond of B．got tired of ‎ C．got familiar with D．got accustomed to 答案与解析：D'上文作者回忆了很多事，写出与父亲前后关系的变化，随着时间的推移，作者习惯了(got accustomed to)这些变化。根据语境可知选D项。get fond of意为“喜欢上……”；get tired of 意为“对……厌倦”；get familiar with意为“对……熟悉”。‎ 7‎ ‎12．A.helped B．supported ‎ C．loved D．missed 答案与解析：C'根据上文可知，作者认为父亲没有兴趣和他聊天，拒接电话，对他漠不关心，因此觉得父亲或许不再爱(loved)他。故选C项。help意为“帮助”；support意为“支持；拥护”；miss意为“想念；错失”。‎ ‎13．A.behavior B．attitude ‎ C．manner D．action 答案与解析：A'根据本段最后一句“I hated myself for my ________behavior...”可知，本空是原词复现。随着时间的推移，作者开始思考自己的行为(behavior)是否正确。故选A项。attitude意为“态度”；manner意为“举止；方式”；action意为“行动”。‎ ‎14．A.often B．always ‎ C．seldom D．never 答案与解析：B'有一天母亲告诉作者每次他打电话，父亲总是(always)在旁边听着。故选B项。‎ ‎15．A.casual B．rude ‎ C．cold D．cruel 答案与解析：C'听了母亲的话，作者开始讨厌自己对父亲冷漠的(cold)行为。故选C项。casual意为“随便的”；rude意为“粗鲁的”；cruel意为“残忍的”。‎ ‎16．A.apologise to B．write to ‎ C．talk with D．consult with 答案与解析：A'根据前文可知，作者已经意识到自己的行为有错，故想要找机会道歉，apologise to意为“向……道歉”，故选A项。consult with意为“请教；商讨”。‎ ‎17．A.excited B．confused ‎ C．touched D．pleased 答案与解析：C'根据下文“I realized then that my father's love for me had never disappeared.”可知，作者意识到父亲对他的爱从未消失过，因此，收到父亲的短信他非常感动(touched)。结合语境及后面的by可知选C项。excited意为“兴奋的”；confused意为“困惑的”；pleased意为“高兴的”。‎ ‎18．A.letter B．card ‎ C．gift D．reply 答案与解析：D'根据上文可知，作者收到了父亲的短信，根据下文“Thank you，my dear father.”可知，作者回复了短信。故选D项。根据第'19'空后的when he received my reply也可得出答案。‎ ‎19．A.upset B．happy ‎ 7‎ C．sad D．nervous 答案与解析：B'根据下文“...from morning till night.”可知，父亲收到作者的回复后，非常开心(happy)。根据语境可知选B项。‎ ‎20. A．waited B．signed ‎ C．hesitated D．smiled 答案与解析：D'根据前文可知，父亲收到作者的回复很开心，所以从早上笑(smiled)到晚上。故选D项。‎ 四、单句改错。‎ ‎1．The mistakes in your homework shouldn't be overlooking, or you'll keep them forever.‎ ‎____________________________________________________‎ 答案：overlooking→overlooked　overlook与mistakes之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。‎ ‎2．In term of education, I first thank all my teachers who have devoted themselves to their profession.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：term→terms　in terms of “就……来说；从……角度”。‎ ‎3．Fortunate, the fire was discovered soon after it had started.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：Fortunate→Fortunately　副词作状语修饰整个句子，故应将fortunate改为fortunately。‎ ‎4．The September 11 attack has condemned by the entire ‎ international community.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：has后加been　现在完成时的被动语态的构成：have been＋过去分词。9.11恐怖袭击应是“被谴责”，故应在has后加been。‎ ‎5．When the interview was finished, I was shown in.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：in→out　show sb. in “带某人进来”；show sb. out“带某人出去”。由句意可知后一短语符合语境。‎ 7‎