2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 2 The United Kingdom（含解析）新人教版必修5 9页

The ‎United Kingdom 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ Below are several suggestions to help you, the workaholic, re-focus and get the best out of life. ‎ EIGHT HOURS OF SLEEP! Make it a point to get at least eight hours of sleep and plenty of rest. Don’t believe that you can always “catch some sleep or rest later”. Your body cannot make up for lost sleep or rest time because it is not physiologically possible. ‎ STRICTLY FAMILY ON WEEKENDS! Resolve to make Saturdays and Sundays strictly for family time. And stick to this! Mondays until Fridays you make an excuse not to relax and spend time with your family because it’s work time, why not make a similar excuse for Saturdays and Sundays? “I can’t work today because I’m spending time with my family. ”‎ GET SOME FOOD IN! Make sure you get food in your stomach. Workaholics are known to be food-skippers. If you can’t afford to get off your desk or from doing paperwork, have food delivered to you. It’s always a good idea if you have crackers on your drawer to ease the hunger pangs. ‎ CONFINE WORK! Resolve to confine work in your office. Don’t bring work to your home! Keep those files in your office desk where they belong. Practice working only within your working hours. If you have an eight-to-five working schedule, stick to it. ‎ WORK UP THOSE MUSCLES! Exercise, exercise, exercise! Set aside at least an hour each day or every other day for exercise. Your body needs to be conditioned, and working non-stop isn’t going to give it the proper physical conditioning it needs. Since most workaholics tend to have their behinds stuck on their chairs, it’s even more important that you get some exercise. ‎ MAKE A PLAN! Plan your day. Work on only one or two things at a time. It’s much easier to work on something and finish it first and then move on to the next rather than do a number of things all at the same time and never finish or accomplish ‎ 9‎ anything at the end of the day. Make out a list of priorities. Write down things that need to be worked on immediately or are urgent, keeping the least ones at the bottom of your list. After you’ve done this, be guided by this list. Turning this activity into a habit will also help you manage your time better, be more organized, and accomplish more. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文对工作狂们提出如何更好地聚焦生活, 提高效率的方法及建议。‎ ‎1. The passage is intended for ________. ‎ A. those who are hardworking B. those who consider work the center of their life C. those who keep themselves healthy and alive D. those who live a busy, successful and happy life ‎【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据开篇第一句话提到“Below are several suggestions to help you, the workaholic, re-focus and get the best out of life. ”以及下面这些建议来帮助那些工作狂们, 聚焦生活, 故选B项。‎ ‎2. By making a plan, the author means ________. ‎ A. working on only one or two things each day B. finishing a number of things at once C. organizing your time and finishing urgent things first D. accomplishing as much work as possible at any given moment ‎【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段提到“It’s much easier to work on something and finish it first and then move on to the next rather than do a number of things all at the same time and never finish or accomplish anything at the end of the day. ”可知做好计划, 计划好时间, 完成必须完成的工作, 故选C项。‎ ‎3. The underlined word “confine” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. ‎ A. give up　 B. start　 C. practice 　 D. restrict ‎ ‎【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据文中提到“Don’t bring work to your home! Keep those files in your office desk where they belong. ”可知不要带工作回家, 即限制自己的工作, 所以选D项。‎ ‎4. If there were one more suggestion, it could be ________. ‎ A. WORK TO LIVE! ‎ 9‎ B. LIVE TO WORK! ‎ C. MAKE WORK YOUR LIFE! ‎ D. STOP TO ENJOY WORKING! ‎ ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一句话提到“Turning this activity into a habit will also help you manage your time better, be more organized, and accomplish more. ”把这种行为转化成一种习惯, 将帮你更好地利用时间, 下一步提到工作的意义, 故选A项。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．________(attract) by the movie starring Jet Li, I decided to see it again.‎ 答案：Attracted　attract与其逻辑主语I之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词attracted作状语。‎ ‎2．I'll appreciate it if you can reply to my letter ________your earliest convenience.‎ 答案：at　at your earliest convenience 为固定短语，意为“尽快”。‎ ‎3．We were ________(delight) that we were successful in our experiment.‎ 答案：delighted　delighted “高兴的；快乐的”，常用于修饰人，表示人的心理活动。‎ ‎4．It is necessary that the problem ________(discuss) at once.‎ 答案：(should) be discussed　It is necessary that sth./sb. (should) do sth. 为固定句型，本句中，the problem和discuss之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎5．I am looking forward to being told about your ________(arrange) of vacation.‎ 答案：arrangements　arrangement “安排”，常用复数形式。‎ ‎6．Even if ________(invite) to, I won't go to such a bad lecture.‎ 答案：invited　所填词为状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为：Even if (I am) invited to ... 。‎ ‎7．Mr Green is in charge of a large company ________(consist) of more than 2,000 workers.‎ 答案：consisting　consist of “由……组成”，无被动语态，故应用现在分词形式作后置定语，修饰company。‎ ‎8．When would it be ________(convenience) for you to start work?‎ 答案：convenient　It is convenient for sb. to do sth. “对某人来说做某事是方便的”。‎ ‎9．Success consists ________the ability to continue efforts through failures.‎ 答案：in　句意：成功在于历经失败却持续努力的能力。consist in “在于”。‎ 9‎ ‎10．This job doesn't pay well, but it'll ________(rough) cover your daily expenses.‎ 答案：roughly　roughly “粗略地”，在此处修饰动词cover，应用副词。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ Research confirm that performing acts of kindness and sharing thankful thoughts have many positive effects on mood and health. They are among the top five predictors of happiness.‎ When you feel thankful for something.that’s gratitude. You never get it out of ___1___; you are clear who or what is responsible,whether that’s a loved one, a strange, or a higher power.Gratitude is how you ___2___ to others when you see yourself in connection with things larger than yourself. ___3___, this understanding of our reliance on others is becoming more ___4___ today. With commercial and social media, everythi8ng makes the younger generation feel that they are the ___5___ of the universe. If it’s all about them,why thank others?‎ If true, there would be a disturbing ___6___ trend. Canadian researchers found that people who wrote thank-you letters or performed good deeds for a six-week period decreased their pain, upped their energy,and improved their mental health.And you can ___7___ these benefits at any age. Old people who choose to be thankful are less likely to worry about their ___8___ health.‎ Gratitude tends to be easily spread,as well. Those who are helped are more likely to pay kindness ___9___.‎ One study found that when someone is thanked, it more than doubles his or her chances of being ___10___ again, likely because he or she enjoys feeling socially ___11___.‎ If you aren’t particularly grateful now,you can learn to be. People who keep a journal of three positive things that happen to them each day ___12___ health-including thankfulness. At first, it may be difficult to ___13___ the good things that occur. But ___14___, your train gets trained into a more appreciative mode. And in the end, the journal becomes a book of joyful ___15___. Gratitude training certainly comes to your aid during the ___16___ times because a greater appreciation for life is the___17___you focus on. ___18___ your gratefulness 9‎ ‎ directly with the person you feel grateful to, the benefits of happiness ___19___.‎ You don’t need a scientific study to know that showing and accepting gratitude can ensure you an ___20___ life, a much better life than you thought.‎ 语篇解读：心存感恩会给你的情绪和健康带来益处，现在的人们越来越缺少感恩之心，作者认为我们应该 从日常训练感恩意识开始，培养我们的感恩情怀。做题时，把握作者态度，考虑上下文语境。‎ ‎1.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】结合空白处上一句，当你为某事感到感激的时候，这就是感谢。接着下一句 You never get it out of nothing ，这里的意思是，“你绝不会无缘无故明白它”，短语 out of nothing 指“无中生有”，‎ 故选 C。‎ ‎2.A. refer B. submit C. subscribe D. relate ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】refer to 参考，涉及；submit to 屈服于；subscribe to 订阅；relate to 关系到。结合语境，感恩就是 在和他人建立联系的时候，不只是关注自身。用 related to，表示与他人建立联系。故选 D。‎ ‎3.A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. Besides D. However ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】therefore 因此；meanwhile 同时；besides 除此之外；however 然而。结合下文，现在的人变得越来 越以自我为中心，大家的感激意识变得越来越淡。此处表转折，用 however,故选 D。‎ ‎4.A. beneficial B. difficult C. stubborn D. ridiculous ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】beneficial 有益的，有用的；difficult 困难的；stubborn 顽固的；ridiculous 荒唐的。结合语境，现 在的人们把得到别人的帮助当做理所当然的事情，所以这种 understanding 变得越来越困难了，用 9‎ difficult。故选 B。‎ ‎5.A. master B. center C. survivor D. creator ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】master 大师；center 中心；survivor 幸存者；creator 创造者。结合语境，商业和社会媒体，让年轻 的一代认为自己是宇宙的中心。言外之意就是年轻人现在越来越以自我为中心，不懂得感恩。故 选 B。‎ ‎6.A. health B. mental C. cultural D. vital ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】health 健康；mental 情绪的；cultural 文化的；vital 极其重要的。结合语境，如果这一切是真的，‎ 那么这是一个不健康的趋势。结合文章可知作者持否定态度，故选 A。‎ ‎7.A. continue B. approach C. sustain D. reap ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】continue 持续；approach 接近；sustain 支撑；reap 收获。结合空白处前面一句“Canadian researchers found that ...”介绍了常怀感恩和行善能够得到一些好处，所以这里应该是收获 these benefits，用 reap，故选 D。‎ ‎8.A. original B. improving C. failing D. falling ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】original 最初的；improving 提高的；failing 失败的；falling 下降的，跌落的。前一句谈论了任何 年龄的人都可以获益，这里形容老年人的糟糕的健康问题，用 failing，故选 C。‎ ‎9.A. upward B. downward C. backward D. forward ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】空白处前一句“Gratitude tends to be easily spread,as well.Those who are helped are more likely to ...”感 恩很容易传播出去，这些被帮助的人更愿意把善良传下去。pay kindness 9‎ ‎ forward，把善良传递下 去。故选 D。‎ ‎10.A. thankful B. respectful C. helpful D. careful ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】结合上一句“one study found that when someone is thanked.it more than doubles his or her chances of being..”一个研究发现，当某人被感谢过，那么他会有两倍的概率去再次帮助别人，being helpful 乐于助人，同时符合前文所说的感恩很容易被传播的观点。故选 C。‎ ‎11.A. valued B. influenced C. attracted D. noticed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】valued 有价值的；influenced 有影响的；attracted 有吸引力的；noticed 注意的。结合语境推理，这 些人更容易去帮助别人，因为他们喜欢感受到自己的社会价值。故选 A。‎ ‎12.A. cultivate B. emphasize C. benefit D. possess ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 cultivate 培养；emphasize 强调； benefit 有益于； possess 拥有。结合前一句“If you aren’t particularly grateful now,you can learn to be.如果你现在还缺乏感恩，你可以学着去做”，所以这里应该是要培 养(cultivate)health-including thankfulness。‎ ‎13.A. analyze B. recognize C. summarize D. organize ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】analyze 分析；recognize 意识，认识；summarize 总结；organize 组织。结合语境，这里的意思是，‎ 首先你也许不能意识到产生好的效果，用 recognize，故选 B。‎ ‎14.A. roughly B. decidedly C. gradually D. accidentally ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】roughly 粗糙地；decidedly 果断的；gradually 渐渐地；accidentally 偶然地。结合前一句说你可能 9‎ 不会一下子获得成效，那么可以推断，这是一个日积月累的过程，用 gradually，故选 C。‎ ‎15.A. essays B. thoughts C. files D. memories ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 essays 文章； thoughts 思想； files 文件； memories 记忆； 结合前文“keep a journal of three positive things that happen to them each day”可知，经过日积月累，最后都变成了有意义的记忆，故选 D。‎ ‎16.A. dark B. golden C. sharp D. urgent ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】dark 黑暗的；golden 黄金的；sharp 锋利的，激烈的，敏锐的，机警的；urgent 紧急的。结合语境,‎ ‎“Gratitude training certainly comes to your aid during the...”感恩锻炼能帮助你，因为帮助你，所以 一定是在 during the dark time，故选 A。‎ ‎17.A. scene B. part C. plan D. potential ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】scene 场景；part 部分；plan 计划；potential 潜力，潜能。结合语境，这里说处于生活的最黑暗的 时期，感激会帮助你，因为更加懂得感激生活是你聚焦的那一部分。言外之意就是感激训练让你 在最黑暗的日子也会感恩生活。故选 B。‎ ‎18.A. Supplying B. Experiencing C. Starting D. Recalling ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】supplying 供应；experiencing 经历；staring 开始；recalling 召回。结合语境，这里说从感谢你认为 应该从感谢的人开始，start with 意为“从……开始”，故选 C。‎ ‎19.A. disappear B. accumulate C. emerge D. weaken ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】disappear 消失；accumulate 积累；emerge 出现；weaken 变弱。结合语境，这有利于幸福的积累，‎ 9‎ 用 accumulate，故选 B。‎ ‎20.A. enriched B. engaged C. enlarged D. addicted ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 enriched 丰富的； engaged 投入的； enlarged 扩大的； addicted 上瘾的。 结合下一句“a much better life than you thought.”，这里应该是丰富我们的生活，用 enriched，故选 A。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．The old man has been fired and now a young man takes place.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：takes后加his　take one's place “代替某人”，相当于take the place of sb.。‎ ‎2．When first was introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉was　前一句子为状语从句的省略形式，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it，且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时，可以把从句的主语(或it)连同be动词一同省略。‎ ‎3．My husband arranged me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：arranged后加for　arrange for sb. to do sth. “安排某人做某事”。‎ ‎4．When in Senior High, my class was consisted of 55 students.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉was　consist of “由……组成”，不用于被动语态和进行时，故将was去掉。‎ ‎5．To our delighted, everything goes well.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：delighted→delight　to one's delight “令某人高兴的是”。‎ 9‎