2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（21）（含解析） 11页

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（21）‎ 李仕才 A You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season.Sure, you’re not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all.Do you deserve a trophy(奖杯)?‎ If the decision is up to Carol Dweck, the answer would likely be no.She’s a psychology professor at Stanford University, California.She says a player doesn’t have to be the best to get a trophy.But those who receive an award should have to work for it.She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, as well as to those who play the best.‎ ‎“The trophy has to stand for something,” Dweck told TFK.“If we give a trophy to everyone, then the award has no value.” Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons, such as improving in a sport, teaches kids that adults value hard work and trying our best.‎ Others say that there’s no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport, regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved.‎ ‎“I think we should encourage kids’ participation in sports,” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City.“A trophy is one way to encourage kids’ efforts.”‎ Barish argues that when we single out only the best or even the most improved player with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson.We are sending the message that winning is everything.“Winning is only part of the equation (等式),” Barish told TFK.“Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise.” ‎ There will be plenty of opportunities for kids to learn about competition as they get older, says Barish.They’ll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World 11‎ ‎ Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl.For now, he thinks there’s nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners.That means trophies for everyone.‎ ‎1.According to Carol Dweck, which player should receive a trophy?‎ A.Tony, the most attractive player of the soccer team.‎ B.David, a soccer player who is both clever and funny.‎ C.Peter, who is ready to help his partners to score goals.‎ D.Jim, a soccer player who tries his best to win the game.‎ 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段可知,CarolDweck认为,获奖的运动员未必是最好的。她认为,进步最大的,对团队精神贡献最多的和表现最佳的运动员都应获奖。‎ ‎2.Which of the following statements would Kenneth Barish agree with?‎ A.There is no sense in giving a trophy to everyone.‎ B.Kids fond of playing sports should be rewarded.‎ C.Kids should be given trophies for trying their best.‎ D.It’s necessary to encourage kids’ participation in sports.‎ 答案:D 解析:细节理解题。根据第五段可知,KennethBarish认为,我们应该鼓励孩子参加体育活动。颁发奖杯是一种激励方式。‎ ‎3.Theunderlinedphrase“singleout”inParagraph6probablymeans“　　　”. ‎ A.honour B.choose C.value D.stress 答案:B 解析:词义猜测题。根据第六段可知,Barish认为,当我们挑选出最佳球员或进步最大的球员并授予他们奖杯时,给孩子传递了一个错误信号:获胜就是一切。‎ B ‎(2016·东北三省四市第一次联考)‎ Many foreign students report feeling lonely or unwelcome in Australia.Those feelings are among the reasons why Australia is taking a close look at its international 11‎ ‎ education industry.But wherever international students go，making friends may not always be easy.Elisabeth Gareis of Baruch College in New York surveyed 454 international students.They were attending fouryear colleges and graduate schools in the American South and Northeast.‎ Students from Englishspeaking countries and from northern and central Europe were more likely to be happy with their friendships.But 38%of the international students said they had no close friends in the United States.And half of the students from East Asia said they were unhappy with the number of American friends they had.Thirty percent said they wished their friendships could be deeper and more meaningful.‎ Professor Gareis says，“Students from East Asia have cultures that are different on many levels from the culture in the United States.There are also language problems，and maybe some social skills，such as small talks，which are possibly not as important in their native countries，where it’s not as important to start friendships with small talks.Many East Asian students blamed themselves for their limited friendships with Americans，for not speaking the language well enough and for not knowing the culture well enough.”‎ VOA’s Students Union blogger Jessica Stahl did her own survey to find out how American students and foreign students relate to each other.More than 100 students，about half of them American，answered her online questions.Half of the international students and 60% of the Americans said they related as well or better to the other group than to their own group.‎ Professor Gareis says，“International students who make friends with host nationals are，overall，more satisfied with their stay in the host country.They have better language skills，better academic performance and better attitudes toward the host country.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，国际留学生交友并非易事。‎ 11‎ ‎1．What can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Making Friends Is Not Always Easy for Foreign Students B．Students from East Asia Are Not Good at Making Friends　‎ C．International Education Industry in Australia and America　‎ D．The Relation between Foreign Students and Host Countries　‎ 解析：选A。标题概括题。根据第一段的“But wherever international students go，making friends may not always be easy.”可知，本文是围绕着国际留学生不容易交友而进行阐述的。故答案选A。‎ ‎2．Professor Gareis tends to think that________.‎ A．culture shock should be blamed for many levels of American culture B．foreign students don’t know small talks mean a lot to Americans ‎ C．foreign students should learn some basic social skills first of all ‎ D．foreign students have difficulty making friends for different reasons 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，外国学生难交到朋友是因为文化层次不同、语言以及社交技巧等各方面问题造成的。故答案选D。‎ ‎ 3.How did Jessica Stahl carry out her survey?‎ A．By doing questionnaires from Students Union.‎ B．By asking questions on the Internet.‎ ‎ C．By forming the students into groups. ‎ D．By doing a survey through VOA.‎ 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“More than 100 students，about half of them American，answered her online questions.”可知，她是通过让学生们在网上回答问题而开展调查的。故答案选B。‎ ‎4．Which of the following statements will the writer probably agree with?‎ A．International students like to make more friends in their own group.‎ B．International students are more likely to remain in the host country after 11‎ ‎ graduation.‎ C．Students who make more friends at home have better academic performance.‎ D．Students who make friends in their host countries feel happier with their experience.‎ 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“International students who make friends with host nationals are，overall，more satisfied with their stay in the host country.”可知，那些与东道国学生交友的国际留学生，对自己在东道国的经历更满意。故答案选D。‎ C After spending 13 years raising three boys, Stephanie Connolly wanted to get back into the workforce, but she was worried that her computer skills were obsolete. Not only was the long employment break a concern, but she had never used Microsoft Office programs. Her last employer had only used WordPerfect.‎ A year later, Connolly is so skilled in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint that she is helping others, and has just completed a fixed amount of work as a teaching assistant in a computer class. She's also on the job hunt, armed with a new resume (简历), interview skills, and the latest knowledge of how to conduct Internet job searches, fill out Webbased applications, and upload resumes.‎ ‎“I can walk through the doors of the company and feel very confident. The course instructors have given that to me，” said Connolly, who owed her development to classes offered by the Harvard Allston Workforce Development Collaboration (HAWDC).The collaboration is part of a series of programs, and neighborhood improvements that began with an agreement reached between Harvard University and the city of Boston five years ago.‎ The agreement grew out of discussions between the University and the city over the construction of Harvard's science Complex in Allston. Although the construction paused in 2009, the implementation (实施) of the nonconstructionrelated aspects of the agreement has continued.‎ 11‎ What has meant to the neighbors is the opening of the Harvard Allston Education Portal, a communitycentered education facility that serves as Harvard's front door to the neighborhood and access to certain University programs and facilities. Information about the agreement's benefits to the community, as well as about Harvard's deep ties with Cambridge and Boston, is available on the new communityoriented Public Affairs website.‎ ‎1.The underlined word “obsolete” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”.‎ A.out of reach 　　　　 B.out of date C.out of order D.out of danger ‎2.Which of the following words can best describe Connolly's attitude to the HAWDC?‎ A.Critical. B.Grateful.‎ C. Indifferent. D.Neutral.‎ ‎3.According to the passage, Harvard Allston Education Portal ________.‎ A.benefits people living in ‎Boston B.raises money from the local people C.is merely accessible to college students D.makes people concerned about the environment ‎4.In which part of Harvard‎ ‎University's website can we find this passage?‎ A.Multimedia. B.Harvard Science.‎ C.Arts & Culture. D.Campus & Community.‎ ‎1．解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“she had never used Microsoft Office programs. Her last employer had only used WordPerfect.”可知，她担心她的计算机技能“过时”了。‎ ‎2．解析：选B　态度观点题。根据第三段中的“I can walk through the doors of the company and feel very confident. The course instructors have given that to me”可知，Connolly因为学习了该项目的课程，变得很自信，可推断她对这一协作项目心存感激。‎ ‎3．解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the Harvard Allston Education Portal, a communitycentered education facility that serves as Harvard's front door to the neighborhood”可知，该项目使波士顿当地人受益。‎ 11‎ ‎4．解析：选D　文章出处题。根据最后一段中的“a communitycentered education facility that serves as Harvard's front door to the neighborhood”可知，本文最可能出现在哈佛大学网站中与社区有关的板块里。‎ D ‎(2015·四川成都九中模拟)‎ Christmas in the United States is traditionally a time of giftgiving and family gatherings.But small towns across the country have their own traditions.‎ Middleburg，a small town in the state of Virginia，is known for its horses.For more than 50 years，Middleburg has organized a yearly Christmas parade(游行)．Men and women ride horses through the woods and fields.They follow hunting dogs as they search for a wild fox.But first，these hunters ride in the yearly parade，wearing their bright red hunting clothes and hats.‎ John Hale，a citizen of Middleburg says many city people visit his town.“We have a lot of people from an urban area that come to visit，but it incorporates a lot of the old traditions.”The nighttime hayride is one such tradition.Small groups gather under the moonlight on an open wagon filled with hay.The passengers sing as farm horses pull the wagon slowly across the fields.‎ There are some newer traditions，too.Trey Matheu works at the nearby Salamander Resort.He says a visit to Middleburg is a chance to slow down for a day.He says Middleburg can be a calming，peaceful place without tension.‎ ‎“Middleburg is an opportunity to take a step back，to take a deep breath，and to understand that even though life is moving on at a very fast pace，there’s really an opportunity where you’re allowed to step off for a little bit.”‎ Parade organizers say more than 13,000 people attend even in belowfreezing weather.But if you ask，you will hear many different reasons why people come to watch the parade：‎ 11‎ ‎“I come here because I’m from a small town.I like how everybody comes together.”‎ ‎“I live right down that street，right there.And that’s my dog.”‎ Middleburg looks its best at Christmastime.That may be why so many people return each year.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国小镇Middleburg庆祝圣诞节的独特方式。‎ ‎1．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Middleburg Christmas parade B．A small town known for horses C．Christmas traditions in Middleburg D．Newer traditions at Christmastime 解析：选C。标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍的是美国小镇Middleburg独特的圣诞节风俗。故答案选C。‎ ‎2．At Christmas，people in Middleburg usually________.‎ A．visit friends and families B．feed farm horses with hay C．hunt for dogs in the woods D．ride in the yearly parade 解析：选D。细节理解题。由第二段第二、三句“For more than 50 years，Middleburg has organized a yearly Christmas parade(游行)．Men and women ride horses through the woods and fields.”可知，Middleburg的人们每年都会举行一次圣诞游行，人们会骑着马从树林和田间穿过。故答案选D。‎ ‎3．According to Trey Matheu，why do people visit Middleburg?‎ A．To relax themselves.‎ B．To enjoy the fresh air.‎ C．To escape competition.‎ 11‎ D．To challenge themselves.‎ 解析：选A。推理判断题。由第四段第三、四句“He says a visit to Middleburg is a chance to slow down for a day.He says Middleburg can be a calming，peaceful place without tension.”可推知，Trey Matheu认为Middleburg是一个宁静、平和、没有压力的小镇，在这里人们可以放慢生活脚步，轻松一下。故答案选A。‎ ‎4．What do we know about the small town Middleburg?‎ A．It makes a large profit from tourism.‎ B．It attracts many people each year.‎ C．It is a good place for family gatherings.‎ D．It doesn’t respect Christmas traditions.‎ 解析：选B。推理判断题。由第六段第一句“Parade organizers say more than 13,000 people attend even in belowfreezing weather.”可推知，每年有很多人都会来Middleburg观看圣诞节游行。故答案选B。‎ E Old Fossils ‎ Scientists have found what they think is probably the oldest fossil on Earth, a remnant of life from 3.7 billion years ago when Earth’s skies were orange and its oceans green.‎ ‎ In a newly melted part of Greenland, Australian scientists found the leftover structure from a community of microbes（微生物）that lived on an ancient seafloor. Based on their analysis of the fossils, the researchers determined that they are 220 million years older than those discovered in Western Australia, which were 3.48 billion years old.‎ ‎ The discovery shows life may have formed quicker and more easily than once thought, about half a billion years after Earth formed. And that may also give hope for life forming elsewhere, such as Mars, said study co-author Martin VanKranendonk of the University of New South Wales and director of the Australian‎ ‎Center for Astrobiology. ＂It gives us an idea how our planet ‎ 11‎ evolved and how life gained a foothold,＂ VanKranendonk said.‎ ‎ Scientists had thought it would take at least half a billion years for life to form after the molten Earth started to cool a bit, but this shows it could have happened quicker, he said. That’s because the newly found fossil is far too complex to have developed soon after the planet’s first life forms, he said.‎ ‎ In an outcrop of rocks that used to be covered with ice and snow which melted after an exceptionally warm spring, the Australian team found stromatolites（叠层石）, which are layered structures that are often produced by a community of microbes. The stromatolites were about 1 to 4 centimeters high.‎ ‎ ＂It is like the house left behind made by the microbes,＂ VanKranendonk said. ＂Scientists used the layers of ash from volcanoes and tiny zircon（锆石） with uranium and estimated that they date back to 3.7 billion years ago.＂‎ ‎ The dating seems about right, said Abigail Allwood, a NASA astrobiologist who found the previous oldest fossil, from 3.48 billion years ago, in Australia. But Allwood said she is not completely convinced that what VanKranendonk’s team found once was alive. She said the evidence wasn’t conclusive enough that it was life and not a geologic quirk（地质巧合）. ＂It would be nice to have more evidence, but in these rocks that’s a lot to ask,＂ Allwood said in an email.‎ ‎1. The underlined words ＂gained a foothold＂ in Paragraph 3 mean______.‎ ‎ A.continued B.changed ‎ ‎ C.increased D.Started ‎2. We can learn from Paragraph 4______.‎ ‎ A.the fossil appeared soon after the birth of the earth ‎ B.the fossil formed soon after the earth’s first life ‎ C.life formed earlier than the newly found fossil ‎ D.life appeared about half a billion years ago ‎3. What is Abigail Allwood’s attitude towards the newly found fossil?‎ ‎ A.Neutral. B.Sceptical. ‎ ‎ C.Objective. D.Supportive.‎ ‎4. According to the passage, ______.‎ 11‎ ‎ A.the previous fossils are a geologic quirk ‎ B. the previous fossils are made up of stromatolites ‎ C. the newly found fossils come from ‎Western Australia ‎ D. the newly found fossils have a history of 3.7 billion years ‎ 【语篇解析】文章介绍科学家发现距今37亿年前的化石。‎ ‎1. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段的句子＂It gives us an idea how our planet evolved＂这让我们了解 星球是怎么形成的，下文是生命是怎么开始的。可知，＂gained a foothold＂ 意为＂开始＂。故选D。‎ ‎3. B【解析】 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂She said the evidence wasn’t conclusive enough that it was life and not a geologic quirk(地质巧合).＂可知，Abigail Allwood 对于新发现的化石态度是怀疑的。故选B。‎ ‎4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子＂remnant of life from 3.7 billion years ago＂和第二段的句 子＂the researchers determined that they are 220 million years older than those discovered in Western Australia, which were 3.48 billion years old.＂可知，新发现的化石有37亿年历史。故选D。‎ 11‎