天津高考英语专题三阅读理解分类突破九词句猜测代词指代题优选习题 13页

九、词句猜测——代词指代题 ‎(2017·全国Ⅱ，B)‎ I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don’t know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.‎ We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ I last saw him a few months ago.He’d been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn’t talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.‎ ‎24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?‎ A.Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent.‎ C.He wasn’t famous enough.‎ D.The director recommended someone else.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for ‎ me.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。‎ ‎25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?‎ A.They were of the same age.‎ B.They worked in the same theater.‎ C.They were both good actors.‎ D.They had similar characteristics.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。‎ ‎26.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A.Their belief.‎ B.Their care for children.‎ C.Their success.‎ D.Their support for each other.‎ 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that...”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选A项。‎ ‎27.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A.To show his love of films.‎ B.To remember a friend.‎ C.To introduce a new movie.‎ D.To share his acting experience.‎ 答案　B 解析　写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。‎ 一、题型解读 代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：‎ ‎(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which...” refer to?‎ ‎(2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which...” in Paragraph...refers to “ ”.‎ 二、解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代 第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置 代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。‎ 第二步：熟悉代词的含义 ‎(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。‎ ‎(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。‎ ‎(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。‎ 第三步：替换核实再比较 ‎(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。‎ ‎(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 例如：【真题感悟】中第26题，sharing that与前面的shared the belief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；the belief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项。‎ A ‎(2018·和平区三模)‎ Holidays are really important.Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.‎ But holidays are expensive and，for those on low wages or living on benefits，they are often unobtainable.Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.‎ For working parents，the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare.When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks，there is a need to spread this across the year.Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday.For some，this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.‎ The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools ‎ have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day.Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.Schools also have an important role in safe guarding children’s welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils.During the long summer holidays，much of this is missed.‎ While teachers are holidaying in the UK，many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live.The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.‎ In setting out its plans for a five-term year，Nottingham City Council(委员会) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks，with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks，each followed by a two-week break.We believe this will give real “down time” for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.‎ We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff，particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities.However，this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.‎ ‎1.The passage is probably written by .‎ A.an experienced teacher B.a working parent C.an inspired student D.a city council member 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段“...Nottingham City Council(委员会) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks，with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks...”和“We believe this will give real ‘down time’ for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.”以及最后一段中“We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff...”可知，说话者的口气“我们相信……”“我们承认……”，由此推知作者是城市委员会的一员。‎ ‎2.The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to .‎ A.environments B.holidays C.wages D.benefits 答案　B 解析　代词指代题。根据画线后一词unobtainable“无法得到的”词义以及前面提到的“holidays are expensive(假期是昂贵的)”可知，代词they指代前文的holidays，意为“对于一些低收入家庭或靠救济而过活的家庭来说，假期是无法得到的”。‎ ‎3.It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to .‎ A.2 weeks B.4.5 weeks C.5 weeks D.6 weeks 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“...Nottingham City Council(委员会) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks...”可知，假期被缩短到4.5周。‎ ‎4.The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students .‎ A.obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs B.get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school C.benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment D.have more school days to receive free school meals 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句以及倒数第二段最后一句可知，学校将致力于为学生提供一个有爱的、激励的学习环境，而这种缩短假期的方案将使教职工和学生得到一个真正的休整时间且不影响学习。也就是说，通过缩短假期可以让大家在这样一个有爱的、激励的学习环境中受益更多。‎ ‎5.It can be inferred from the passage that .‎ A.working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children B.the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out C.the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time”‎ D.some school staff will say “No” to the plans for a shorter summer holiday 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff...”可知，一些学校员工将会反对这个计划。‎ B If you work hard to have a positive attitude，you might be surprised by how much better you feel about yourself and life in general.When you turn away from the negative and focus on the positive，you open your mind to appreciate the good things around you that might have otherwise gone unnoticed.‎ Having a positive attitude can also reduce your stress level.The less stress you feel，the better you will feel overall.So if you’ve been feeling tired，put on a happy face and you just might feel better soon.‎ But how can you have a positive attitude when life is hard？It’s more than just turning life’s lemons into lemonade.Having a positive attitude can take some hard work.But it’s worth it.Here are some ways you can develop and maintain a positive attitude even in the midst of life’s troubles.‎ A positive attitude doesn’t mean ignoring life’s troubles.It just means being an optimist and looking for the good in things，rather than being a pessimist and concentrating on the bad in things.Sometimes your perspective can make all the difference in the world.‎ Smile and laugh！Yes，it can be that simple.Learn to love life，no matter what’s going on.Smile at others and they will smile back at you.Have fun and find the humor in life.Sometimes laughter really is the best medicine.‎ Exercise！Get off the couch and get moving.Being active and healthy can give you a completely different outlook on life.When you feel better physically，you often naturally feel better mentally，too.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。积极乐观的心态能够使你保持良好的精神面貌，文章介绍了保持积极乐观的意义及若干方法，其中包括寻找事情中好的一面，微笑和锻炼。‎ ‎6.The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to .‎ A.the positive feelings B.the good things C.the surprising results D.the importance of life 答案　B 解析　指代猜测题。画线词所在句句意为：当你把注意力从消极的事情转移到积极的事情上时，你就会敞开心扉去欣赏你周围原本未注意到的美好事物。此处that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the good things。‎ ‎7.What probably helps to keep your stress level proper?‎ A.Working hard at your lessons.‎ B.Setting up a practical goal.‎ C.Feeling proud of yourself.‎ D.Keeping yourself positive.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，保持积极乐观的态度能控制压力水平。故选D。‎ ‎8.We can learn from the third paragraph that .‎ A.it is impossible to keep positive B.keeping positive costs a lot of money C.there are tips for keeping yourself positive D.there are many troubles in daily life 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Here are some ways you can develop and maintain a positive attitude even in the midst of life’s troubles.”可知，有一些保持积极乐观的方法。故选C。‎ ‎9.According to the text，you can keep positive by .‎ a.avoiding all troubles b.looking for the good in things c.being friendly to others d.being a pessimist e.depending on medicine f.staying healthy A.a，d，e B.b，c，f C.c，d，e D.a，b，f 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。文章后三段讲述了保持积极乐观的若干方法，其中包括寻找事情中好的一面、对其他人友好和保持健康，故B项为正确答案。‎ ‎10.The text is mainly to tell us .‎ A.how to keep positive B.the right attitude towards life C.the importance of health D.ways of dealing with stress 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何保持积极乐观。故选A。‎ 题型组合练(十二)‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1.The only thing really matters to the children is how soon they can return to their aunt and uncle’s farm.‎ A.that B.what C.which D.this 答案　A 解析　空格处为定语从句，可考虑关系代词that和which，但主句中先行词被only修饰，因此只能选A。‎ ‎2.They remained full of hope and determination their repeated failures.‎ A.instead of B.in search of C.because of D.in spite of 答案　D 解析　句意为：尽管他们反复失败，但他们依然充满希望和决心。instead of代替，而不是；in search of搜寻，探索；because of因为，表“因果”关系；in spite of尽管，不顾，表“让步”关系。故选D。‎ ‎3.If he had visited me in Beijing，I him to see the sights.‎ A.had taken B.will take C.would take D.would have taken 答案　D 解析　此题考查虚拟语气，从句时态为过去完成时，主句应用should/would/might/could＋have done，故选D，其他选项均不符合虚拟语气中的时态要求。‎ ‎4.You’ll soon get used to a large breakfast in England.‎ A.eat B.that you eat C.eating D.you eat 答案　C 解析　get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事，为固定用法，故选C。‎ ‎5.The Internet is so much a part of our culture that it affects our lives by acting as a for face-to-face contacts.(2017·苏北六市联考，21)‎ A.preference B.motivation C.substitute D.guideline 答案　C 解析　句意为：因特网是我们文化中不可或缺的一部分，通过充当面对面交流的替代品来影响我们的生活。substitute替代品，代替者，符合句意。preference偏爱，优先权；motivation动力，动机；guideline指南，指导方针。‎ ‎6.He made good preparations for exam.Otherwise，he such rapid progress.‎ A.should not have made B.need not have made C.could not have made D.must not have made 答案　C 解析　“Otherwise，he couldn’t have made such rapid progress.”意为“否则，他不可能取得如此大的进步(实际上已取得)。”‎ ‎7.The travelers sought shelter the rain and happened to find a roadside inn.‎ A.at B.by C.from D.against 答案　C 解析　seek shelter from the rain意为“寻求避雨处”。‎ ‎8.The meal over，the managers went back to the meeting room to their discussion.‎ A.put away B.take down C.look over D.carry on 答案　D 解析　句意为：饭后，经理们回到会议室，继续刚才的讨论。put away收起来，放好；take down写下，记下；look over检查，查看，调查；carry on继续。‎ ‎9. the people have become masters of their own country science can really serve the people.‎ A.It is only then；that B.It was that；when C.It is only when；that D.It was when；then 答案　C 解析　此处是“It is/was...that...”强调句型，本句中when引导的时间状语从句是被强调的对象。‎ ‎10.—Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.‎ ‎—She .I’ve already borrowed one.‎ A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 答案　C 解析　根据该空后面的句子“I’ve already borrowed one.”，说明她没必要借词典给我了，故本题选C。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 My newlywed husband said the same thing every morning，“You’re beautiful today.”‎ One glance in the mirror showed that it was far from the truth.‎ ‎“Liar，” I shot back with a grin.‎ It was my usual response.My mother’s first husband was not a kind man and his verbal(语言的) and physical abuse forced her and her two children to find a safe place.He showed up on her doorstep one day with roses.She let him in and he beat her with those roses and took advantage of her.Nine months later she gave birth to a 9lb.13oz.baby girl—me.‎ The rude words we heard growing up took root.I had trouble seeing myself as someone of value.I had been married two years when I surprised myself.My husband wrapped his arms around me and told me I was beautiful.‎ A lot of years have passed.My husband has grey in his hair.I’m no longer skinny.Last week I woke up and my husband’s face was inches from mine.‎ ‎“What are you doing？” I asked.‎ I covered my mouth，trying to hide my morning breath.He reached down and kissed my face.‎ ‎“What I do every morning，” he said.‎ What a man! My husband understands my past.He’s been beside me as I’ve grown from an unsure young girl to a confident woman，mother，speaker and author.‎ But I’m not sure that he understands the part he played in that transformation.The words I heard growing up pierced(刺穿) my soul，yet his words pierced even deeper.‎ This Anniversary Day I plan to wake early.I want to tell Richard how much I love him.He may look in the mirror and see an extra pound or two，or wish for the day when his hair was dark and curly，but all I’ll see is the man who saw something in me when I couldn’t see it myself，and who leaves butterfly kisses，even after twenty-three years of marriage.‎ ‎11.When the author looked into the mirror，she found herself .‎ A.beautiful B.confident C.untidy D.unusual 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章前两段可知，当作者照镜子时，她发现自己并不干净利落。‎ ‎12.Why did the author’s mother and her two children have to move?‎ A.Because their house was too small.‎ B.Because they were not well treated by her mother’s first husband.‎ C.Because they were expecting another baby.‎ D.Because her mother’s first husband wanted them to move.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，作者的母亲和她的两个孩子要搬家是因为她们没有得到母亲第一任丈夫的善待。‎ ‎13.As a young girl，the author .‎ A.was married early B.had a happy childhood C.looked for root everywhere D.lacked confidence in herself 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段前两句“The rude words we heard growing up took root.I had trouble seeing myself as someone of value.”可知，作为一个年轻的女孩，作者缺乏自信。‎ ‎14.It can be inferred from the passage that .‎ A.the author’s husband had a positive influence on her life B.the author played an important part in the change C.they have been married for 23 years D.the author’s husband has gained some weight 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文中作者对自己小时候因为恶言恶语而缺乏自信，而丈夫却一直在赞美自己的描述，结合最后三段对丈夫对自己的影响的描写可推知，作者的丈夫对她的生活产生了积极的影响。‎ ‎15.The underlined phrase “The words” in the last but one paragraph refers to .‎ A.her own words B.her husband’s words C.her mother’s words D.her father’s words 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据“The words I heard growing up pierced(刺穿) my soul，yet his words pierced even deeper.”结合上文对母亲的第一任丈夫，即作者的父亲的恶言恶语的描述可知，the words指的是“她父亲的话”。‎ Ⅲ.阅读表达 How much do you hate waiting for another beer in a crowded bar? It annoyed Josh ‎ Goodman enough to invent a pretty obvious solution—self-service beer tap.‎ Goodman,36，recalled the exact moment in late 2008 when his frustration boiled over.“I was hanging out with my friends at a Baltimore sports bar before a game，” he said.“We just couldn’t get another beer served to us quickly.” Even more than being annoyed，Goodman was struck by how much money the bar must be losing.Almost immediately，he got to work on a self-service beer concept.‎ Within only a few months，Goodman had launched PourMyBeer in Chicago.He invested 20,000 and partnered with a U.S.manufacturer to make beer tables with two to four self-service taps，which were designed by himself.‎ In February 2009，Goodman landed his first client：A bar in Baltimore，America.He spent the next two years growing the business and adding more bars and restaurants.In 2011，PourMyBeer designed self-service “beer walls”，which let people pour their own beer from taps on a wall.‎ PourMyBeer has swelled to over 200 restaurants and bars in 28 states in America and Canada.It is planned to enter Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport this week and in Italy and Brazil later this year.‎ The tables start at 4,000 and the beer walls cost as much as 16,000.They generated more than 400,000 in sales in 2013 and doubled that in 2014.Goodman expects to take in close to 2 million in revenue this year—which would make it the company’s first profitable year.‎ ‎“Our business customers tell us that they’ve cut down on waste and they’re selling twice as much beer on average，” said Goodman.‎ ‎16.What made Goodman come up with the idea? (no more than 15 words)‎ His experience of waiting for another beer in a crowded bar./His experience that he couldn’t get another beer served quickly.‎ 解析　根据第一、二段内容的介绍，Josh Goodman有一次在酒吧等待啤酒的长时间经历，让他想出了一种应对措施，即自助服务。‎ ‎17.How long did Goodman turn his idea into reality? (no more than 6 words)‎ Within only a few months.‎ 解析　根据第三段中的“Within only a few months，Goodman had launched PourMyBeer in Chicago.”可知，在几个月内，Josh Goodman就把想法付诸实施。‎ ‎18.What did Goodman design for customers in the bars? (no more than 13 words)‎ Beer tables and beer walls.‎ 解析　根据第三段最后一句可知，他自己设计了啤酒桌和自助龙头。‎ ‎19.What does the underlined word “swelled” most probably mean? (1 word)‎ Expanded/Enlarged/Increased.‎ 解析　根据第四段中的“He spent the next two yeas growing the business and adding more bars and restaurants.”以及画线词所在句可知，他花了两年的时间把生意扩大，所以swell的意思是“扩大，增加”。‎ ‎20.What do you think of Josh Goodman? Give your reasons.(no more than 25 words)‎ He is wise，because he can turn his idea into reality.‎ 解析　这是一个开放性的问题。只要符合主题都可以。‎