2012年高考英语全国卷(含答案详解) 21页

‎2012高考英语真题及答案（全国卷）word版 第二部分 英语知识运用 （共两节.满分45分） 第一节 单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、c、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例：We _______ last night ,but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study 答案是：C ‎21. -Which one of these do you want? - _______ Either will do. A. I don't mind B. I'm sure C. No problem D. Go ahead ‎22. Sarah looked at _______ finished painting with _______ satisfaction. A.不填；a B. a；the C. the；不填 D. the；a ‎23. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step _______.” A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed ‎24. It is by no means clear _______ the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what ‎25. I don't believe we've met before, _______ I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless ‎26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much _______. A. the best B. best C. better D. the better ‎27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _______ almost every word her teacher says. A. put out B. put down C. put away D. put together ‎28. The party will be held in the garden, weather _______. A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit ‎29. This restaurant wasn't _______ that other restaurant we went to. A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. flood as half as ‎30. I _______ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't ‎31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _______ of them wants to, because they have work to do. A. either B. any C. neither D. none ‎32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when _______ such art forms as music and painting. A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to ‎33. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _______ before my eyes.‎ A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum ‎34. You have to move out of the way _______ the truck cannot get past you. A. so B. or C. and D. but ‎35. If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will _______ her. A. persuade B. promise C. invite D. support 第二节 完形填空（共20小：每小1.5分.满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项小涂黑。 ‎ Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks __36__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 37 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal communication(非言语交际)takes up about 50% of what we really 38 . And body language is particularly 39 when we attempt to communicate across cultures(文化). Indeed, what is called body language is so 40 a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 41 , different societies treat the 42 , between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having 43 contact(接触)even with friends, certainly not with 44 . People from Latin American countries 45 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in _ 46__, it may look like a Latino is __47__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __48__. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 49 _ - which the Latino will in return regard as __50 _.‎ Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __51__. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __52__ cultures, there's a strong possibility of __53__. But whatever the situation, the best __54__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __55__.‎ ‎36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further ‎37. A. sounds B. invitations C. feelings D. messages ‎38. A. hope B. receive C. discover D. mean ‎39. A. immediate B. misleading C. important D. difficult ‎40. A. well B. far C. much D. long ‎41. A. For example B. Thus C. However D. In short ‎42. A. trade B. distance C. connections D. greetings ‎43. A. eye B. verbal C. bodily D. telephone ‎44. A. strangers B. relatives C. neighbours D. enemies ‎45. A. in other words B. on the other hand C. in a similar way D. by all means ‎46. A. trouble B. conversation C. silence D. experiment ‎47. A. disturbing B. helping C. guiding D. following ‎48. A. closer B. faster C. in D. away ‎49. A. stepping forward B. going on C. backing away D. coming out ‎50. A. weakness B. carelessness C. friendliness D. coldness ‎51. A. talk B. travel C. laugh D. think ‎52. A. different B. European C. Latino D. rich ‎53. A. curiosity B. excitement C. misunderstanding D. nervousness ‎54. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice ‎55. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleased 第三部分 阅读理解（共20 小题：每小题2分，满分40分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest(巢)and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.‎ The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax(蜂蜡)in the beehives(蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bee’s nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.‎ Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking ‎ honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.‎ ‎56. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest? A. It's small in size. B. It's hidden in trees. C. It's covered with wax. D. It's hard to recognize.‎ ‎57. What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A bee. B. A bird. C. A honey seeker. D. A beekeeper.‎ ‎58. The honey guide is special in the way _______. A. it gets its food B. it goes to church C. it sings in the forest D. it reaches into bees' nests ‎59. What can be the best title for the text? A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Honey-Lover's Helper B About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚) to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our "act" would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.‎ We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in "snow". Two more fans were turned on, and a "strong wind" blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.‎ The next scene was a complete contrast(对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen (幕). An actor and actress stood of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio! Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film "stars"!‎ ‎60. Who is the author? A. A cameraman. B. A film director. C. A crowd-scene actor. D. A workman for scene setting.‎ ‎61. What made the author feel cold? A. The heavy snowfall. B. The man-made scene. C. The low temperature. D. The film being shown.‎ ‎62. What would happen in the "three minutes" mentioned in the last paragraph? A. A new scene would be filmed. B. More stars would act in the film. C. The author would leave the studio. D. The next scene would be prepared.‎ C Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, a distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving tuck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.‎ At one point along an open road, I came to a crossing with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop. I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of car lamps, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction. I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.‎ Much later that night, the question of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because it's part of a contract(契约)we all have with each other. It's not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we taut each other to honor it: we don't go through red lights.‎ Trust is our first inclination(倾向).Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互)trust, not distrust. We do what we say we'll do; we show up when we say we'll show up; and we pay when we say we'll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we're angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them. I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.‎ ‎63. Why did the author get impatient while driving? A. He was lonely on the road. B. He was slowed down by a truck.‎ C. He got tired of driving too long. D. He came across too many traffic lights.‎ ‎64. What was the author's immediate action when the traffic light turned red? A. Stopping still. B. Driving through it. C. Looking around for other cars. D. Checking out for traffic police.‎ ‎65. The event made the author strongly believe that _______. A. traffic rules may be unnecessary B. doubting others is human nature C. patience is important to drivers D. a society needs mutual trust ‎66. Why was the author proud of himself? A. He kept his promise. B. He held back his anger. C. He followed his inclination. D. He made a right decision.‎ D Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to ‎ listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.‎ The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.‎ ‎67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D. Stories for children are easy to remember.‎ ‎68. The author explains the law of overlearning by _______. A. presenting research findings B. selling down general rules C. making a comparison D. using examples ‎69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _______. A. a result of overlearning B. a special case of cramming C. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies ‎70. What does the word "they" in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Commonly accepted rules. B. The multiplication tables. C. Things easily forgotten. D. School subjects.‎ ‎71. What is the author's opinion on cramming? A. It leads to failure in college exams. B. It's helpful only in a limited way. C. It's possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students' learning interest.‎ E Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids (孩子) to? Try some of these places:‎ ‎•Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest. Many offer workshops for making land-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings by children's favorite writer, and even musical performances and other arts.‎ ‎•Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur(恐龙) models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.‎ ‎•Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet(木偶)making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.‎ ‎•Try hands-on science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.‎ ‎72. If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit _______. A. a Youtheater B. an art museum C. a natural history museum D. a hands-on science museum ‎73. What can kids do at a Youtheater? A. Look at rock collections. B. See dinosaur ‎ models. C. Watch puppet making. D. Give performances.‎ ‎74. What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph? A. Science games designed by kids. B. Learning science by doing things. C. A show of kids' science work. D. Reading science books.‎ ‎75. Where does this text probably come from? A. A science textbook. B. A tourist map. C. A museum guide. D. A news report.‎ 第II卷 注意事项: 1. 答题前，考生先在答题卡上用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，然后贴好条形码。请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。 2. 第Ⅱ卷共2页，请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，在试题卷上作答无效 第四部分 ‎ 写作（共两节，满分35分） 第一节短文改错（共10小题：每小题1分.满分10分） (注意：在试题卷上作答无效) 此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）：如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正： 此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜 线划掉。 此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。 此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。 注意：原行没有错的不要改。 Every one of us can make a great efforts to 76.______________ cut off the use of energy in our country. To begin with, all 77.______________ of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only 78. ______________ when we have a real need. That won't be easy, I know. 79. ______________ but we have to start anywhere. What's more, we can go to 80_______________ work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy 81________________ smaller cars that burn less oil. Other way is to watch our 82______________ everyday use of water and electric at home. For example, 83_______________ how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the 84________________ lights or television when no one else was there? 85_______________‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）（注意:在试题卷上作答无效） 假定你是李华，从互联网((the Internet)上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(Singapore) 举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。 内容主要包括: 1. 自我介绍（包括英语能力）； 2. 参加意图（介绍中国、了解其他国家）； 3. 希望获准。‎ 注意: 1. 数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。 ************************************************************* Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________ Regards, Li Hua ‎ ‎【答案及解析】‎ 单项选择：‎ ‎1-20‎ CABCA CBBCC ABBBC BAACA ‎21. A。 I don't mind 我不介意。‎ ‎22. C。 考查冠词， with satisfaction 满意地， the finished painting 完成了的画，可以加the。‎ ‎23. C。 一般现在时表示事物的一般属性和状态。在雪地上行走，走下去一步脚印就会显现出来。‎ ‎24. D。主语从句，what作为do的宾语。‎ ‎25. B。 although "但是"，表转折。虽然你很脸熟，但是我很确定，我们以前没有见过。‎ ‎26. D。so much the… 甚至更好或者更糟。‎ ‎27. B。put down 写下、记下。‎ ‎28. A。weather permitting 天气允许。独立主格结构。‎ ‎29. A。half as + adj. + as ‎30. D。 needn't 不需要 ‎31. C。 neither 两个都不。‎ ‎32. D。(when it is)compared to ‎ ‎33. C。一般过去时。‎ ‎34. B。Or 否则。‎ ‎35. A。presuade 说服。‎ 完型填空：‎ ‎36.B 谚语“action speaks louder than words”事实胜于雄辩 ‎37.D 身体释放更多的信息 ‎38.D 真正意味着什么 ‎39.C 重要性 ‎40.C 身体当中的如此之多 ‎41.A 在进一步解释，来举例子 ‎42.B 根据后面的例子讲的是距离的问题 ‎43.C bodily身体的 欧洲的人不喜欢跟人有身体接触 ‎44.A 关系远一点的人指的是陌生人 ‎45.B 表转折 ‎46.B 对话中 ‎47.D ‎48.A 更接近 ‎49.C 下意识反应退后一步 ‎50.D 认为你很冷漠 ‎51.A ‎52.A 来自不同文化的人更容易产生误解 ‎53.C 整篇文章讲的是误解 ‎54.D ‎55.B 被对待 阅读理解：‎ ‎56.B these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them 第一段，因为蜂巢很高藏着树里，所以很难找到。‎ ‎57.C 跟随者指的是采蜂蜜的人。‎ ‎58.A 蜂蜜向导鸟获得食物的方式比较特别。‎ ‎59.D 本文的主要描写的是蜂蜜向导鸟。‎ ‎60.C  群众演员，第一段得出。‎ ‎61.B  The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold. 第三段最后一句。因为画面太逼真所以感觉冷。‎ ‎62.A  群众演员要表演的三分钟的戏。‎ ‎63.B 第一段，他被一辆卡车减速了。‎ ‎64.A it turned red and I made a stop，红灯亮的时候停车了。‎ ‎65.D 第四段，作者从不闯红灯的感悟是社会需要互相信任。‎ ‎66.D 作者因为自己做了一个正确的决定而感到自豪。‎ ‎67.A  第一段第一句，人们能够很好地记得小时候学到的东西。‎ ‎68.D  第三段，作者通过举例来证明超量法则。‎ ‎69.A  能够学会乘法口诀表的原因是超量学习的结果。第四段可以得出。‎ ‎70.B  乘法口诀表。‎ ‎71.B  最后一段可以得出。突击学习在一定程度上是有帮助的，但是非常少。‎ ‎72.C ‎73.C  在青年艺术中心可以看木偶制作。‎ ‎74.B  手可以摸上去的科学是通过做东西可以学科学。‎ ‎75.C  本文可能来自博物馆指南。‎ 短文改错：‎ ‎76. a   去掉a make great efforts。‎ ‎77. off错误。off 改为down, cut down 切断。‎ ‎78. to   reducing to the use，去掉to。‎ ‎79. √‎ ‎80. anywhere错误。anywhere 改为 somewhere。‎ ‎81. and错误。 and 改为 or。‎ ‎82. Other错误。Other 改为 Another。‎ ‎83. electric错误。electric 改为 electricity。‎ ‎84. leave错误。 leave 改为 left。‎ ‎85. on。 leave the lights or television on。‎