高考英语语法复习非谓语动词1 8页

非谓语动词 ‎ 考纲新研读 ‎1.非谓语动词的形式(以动词do为例)‎ ‎ ‎ 动词不定式 动词的-ing形式 动词过去分词 一般式 to do doing done 一般被动式 to be done ‎ being done ‎ ‎ 完成式 to have done ‎ having done ‎ ‎ 完成被动式 to have been done having been done ‎ ‎ 进行式 to be doing ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 完成进行式 to have been doing ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用 ‎ ‎ 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ 动词的-ing形式 ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ 动词过去分词 ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎√ ‎ ‎3.非谓语动词的用法 ‎ 动词不定式 ‎(1)用作主语：‎ ‎ To learn a foreign language well is not easy.‎ ‎ It is not easy to learn a foreign language well.‎ ‎(2)用作宾语：‎ ‎ What do you like to do besides swim?‎ ‎ Do you think it necessary to go there?‎ ‎(3)用作表语：‎ ‎ All she would do was to go home.‎ ‎(4)用作宾补：‎ ‎ I warned the boy not to be late again.‎ ‎ He saw her leave the house.‎ ‎ She was seen to leave the house.‎ ‎ He often helps me (to) learn English.‎ ‎ With no one to help him, he can’t do it.‎ ‎ With so many problems to settle, the manager can’t leave for ‎ ‎ holidays.‎ ‎【注意】用于不带to的不定式作宾补的的动词有：feel, hear, see, ‎ ‎ notice, observe, watch, listen to, look at, have, make, let等。但 ‎ 变为被动语态时需要带to。例如：‎ ‎ I noticed her enter the office.‎ ‎ We heard him sing every day.‎ ‎ Santa’s father made her promise that she wouldn’t write to me ‎ ‎ or send me any word.‎ ‎(5)用作定语：‎ ‎ I have nothing to write (to write on/to write with).‎ ‎ I was the first to come to school.‎ ‎ We have no time to think about rest.‎ ‎(6)用作状语：常表示原因、结果、条件、目的等。‎ ‎ He stopped to talk to an old man.(目的)‎ ‎ I rushed to the station, only to find the train already gone.(结果)‎ ‎ He was happy to hear the news.(原因)‎ ‎ 另外：in order to; so as to引导目的状语，“为了,以便”;so...as to ‎ ‎ 引导结果状语，“太……以致……”。‎ ‎(7)用在疑问词后面，如what to do,构成不定式复合结构,相当于名 ‎ 词，作主语、宾语和表语。例如：‎ ‎ The question is where to get a computer.(表语)‎ ‎ I really don’t know what to do.(宾语)‎ ‎ How to get rid of the pollution is still a problem.(主语)‎ ‎【注意】不定式也有一定的时态和语态；有否定式、完成式、进 ‎ 行式、被动式等和自己的逻辑主语：‎ ‎(1)被动形式：‎ ‎ He asked to be sent to the front.‎ ‎(2)进行式：‎ ‎ He pretended to be listening attentively.‎ ‎(3)完成式：‎ ‎ He is said to have gone abroad.‎ ‎(4)否定式：(to)前加not：‎ ‎ He pretended not to have seen me.‎ ‎(5)不定式的逻辑主语有两种情况(用for sb.或of sb.)：‎ ‎ It’s high time for us to plant trees.‎ ‎ It’s very kind of you to say so.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 动词的过去分词 ‎(1)作定语 ‎ 及物动词的过去分词，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去 ‎ 分词，只表示完成。单个的分词作定语，放在它所修饰的词 ‎ 的前面;分词短语作定语，放在它所修饰的词的后面。例如：‎ ‎ A broken cup is lying on the floor.‎ ‎ The meeting held yesterday was very important.‎ ‎(2)作表语：‎ ‎ 表状态，与句子主语是被动关系。例如：‎ ‎ He seemed quite delighted at the idea.‎ ‎ The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.‎ ‎(3)作状语 ‎ 动词的过去分词相当于副词，可以在句子中作状语，与句子主 ‎ 语是逻辑上的主谓关系，两者往往是被动关系，即主语是过去 ‎ 分词动作的承受者。‎ ‎ Seen from space, the earth looks like a ball.‎ ‎ Compared with the people in Iraq, we are much happier.‎ ‎ 名词加过去分词，构成独立结构，用作状语。‎ ‎ All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.‎ ‎(4)作宾补 ‎ 作宾语补足语的过去分词，大都来自及物动词。分词与宾语是 ‎ 被动关系。不及物动词的过去分词作宾补,与宾语是主动关系,‎ ‎ 表示动作已经发生。‎ ‎ I saw the house broken into.‎ ‎ There is something wrong with my radio. I will have it repaired.‎ ‎ The emperor ordered the cloth (to be) woven for him at once.‎ ‎ He came in, with his hands tied at the back.‎ ‎ 动词的-ing形式 ‎ 动词的-ing形式相当于名词、形容词、副词等,也保留了动词的某些特征。‎ ‎(1)作主语：‎ ‎ Talking is easier than doing.‎ ‎ It’s no use talking about it.‎ ‎(2)作宾语：‎ ‎ He is afraid of being scolded.‎ ‎ I found it no use talking with him.‎ 有些动词后面只能接doing。‎ ‎ 如：admit, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, ‎ ‎ keep, miss, mention, practice, risk, stop, suggest等。‎ 有些动词后面只能接to do。如：agree, decide, expect, hope, ‎ ‎ long(渴望),manage, plan, pretend, ‎ ‎ refuse, wish等。‎ 有些动词后面接doing和to do 都可以，且意思差别细微，或看作 ‎ 没差别。如：begin, start, hate, like, love, continue, refer等；‎ 但另一类词差别很大。如：forget, remember, mean, try, regret等。 ‎ ‎ 还有 go on; remind sb. of doing sth.(使人想起)和remind sb. to ‎ ‎ do(提醒)。另外，stop doing停止干；stop to do停下来去干某 ‎ 事，to do是目的状语。‎ ‎(3)作表语：‎ ‎ Seeing is believing.‎ ‎ The story is moving/exciting/interesting.‎ ‎(4)作宾补：‎ ‎ I saw them coming across the road.‎ ‎ They had their lights burning all night long.‎ ‎(5)作定语：‎ ‎ There is a swimming pool in our school.‎ ‎ China is a developing country.‎ ‎(6)作状语：‎ ‎ Being ill, she went home.‎ ‎ Having finished their homework, they had a rest.‎ ‎ While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.‎ ‎【注意】‎ ‎ 1.动词-ing形式的逻辑主语有三种形式：‎ ‎ (1)doing前加物主代词。如：my doing；‎ ‎ (2)doing前加名词所有格。如：Tom’s doing；‎ ‎ (3)作宾语时doing前可加人称代词宾格。如：me doing。例如:‎ ‎ Mary’s coming late made Mr. Smith angry.‎ ‎ She didn’t mind his (him) crying.‎ ‎2.否定式在其前面加not;完成式having done;被动式being done。‎ ‎ 例如:‎ ‎ Not knowing what to do, he turned to his teacher for help.‎ ‎ Having finished their homework, they watched TV.‎ ‎ He had hoped to take his seat without being seen.‎ ‎3.独立结构：‎ ‎ Weather permitting (If weather permits), we’ll have a sports meet ‎ ‎ next week.‎ ‎ Weather being so fine (As weather is so fine), we have decided to ‎ ‎ go on an outing.‎ ‎ There being no buses, we had to walk home.‎ ‎4.with复合结构：‎ ‎ They slept, with the lights burning.‎ ‎ 高考新剖析 ‎ 1. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it ‎ ‎ easier for it _________.［2009年高考湖南卷］‎ ‎ A. reusing B. reused ‎ C. reuses D. to be reused ‎ 2. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college ‎ ‎ graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times ‎ ‎ the number hired last year, __________reduce unemployment ‎ ‎ pressures.［2009年高考江苏卷］‎ ‎ A. help B. to have helped ‎ C. to help D. having helped ‎ ‎ D C ‎ ‎3. Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. ‎ ‎ __________the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning ‎ ‎ are our alumni(校友)from home and abroad. ‎ ‎ ［2009年高考江苏卷］‎ ‎ A. Attend B. To attend ‎ C. Attending D. Having attended ‎ 4. They use computers to keep the traffic__________ smoothly.‎ ‎ ［2009年高考全国卷Ⅱ］‎ ‎ A. being run B. run C. to run D. running ‎ 5. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with ‎ ‎ the decisions_________？［2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ］‎ ‎ A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take ‎ 6. If there’s a lot of work_________, I’m happy to just keep on ‎ ‎ until it is finished. ［2008年高考上海卷］‎ ‎ A. to do B. to be doing ‎ C. done D. doing C ‎ D C ‎ A ‎7. I feel greatly honored__________ into their society.‎ ‎ ［2008年高考北京卷］‎ ‎ A. to welcome B. welcoming ‎ C. to be welcomed D. welcomed ‎ 8. Something as simple as__________ some cold water may clear ‎ ‎ your mind and relieve pressure.［2008年高考上海卷］‎ ‎ A. to drink B. drinking ‎ C. to be drinking D. drunk ‎ 9. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the ‎ ‎ bicycle__________ to balance it.［2008年高考上海卷］‎ ‎ A. having tired B. trying ‎ C. to try D. tried ‎ 10. Ideally__________ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, ‎ ‎ the New York‎ ‎Park hotel is a favorite with many guests.‎ ‎ ［2008年高考上海卷］‎ ‎ A. locating B. being located ‎ C. having been located D. located C ‎ B B D ‎11. The children all turned__________ the famous actress as she ‎ ‎ entered the classroom.［2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ］‎ ‎ A. looked at B. to look at ‎ C. to looking at D. look at ‎12. __________,you need to give all you have and try your best. ‎ ‎ ［2009年高考辽宁卷］‎ ‎ A. Being a winner B. To be a winner ‎ C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner ‎13. __________in the queue for half an hour, the old man ‎ ‎ suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.‎ ‎ ［2008年高考福建卷］‎ ‎ A. Waiting B. To wait ‎ C. Having waited D. To have waited ‎14. —Can those__________ at the back of the classroom hear me?‎ ‎ —No problem.［2008年高考福建卷］‎ ‎ A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat B B C ‎ C ‎ ‎15. My parents have always made me __________about myself, ‎ ‎ even when I was twelve.‎ ‎ A. feeling well B. feeling good ‎ C. feel well D. feel good ‎ 精题新探究 ‎ 1. Which do you enjoy__________ your holiday, going abroad or ‎ ‎ staying at home?‎ ‎ A. spending B. to spend ‎ C. being spent D. spend ‎ 2. The pilot felt something__________ wrong with the engine just ‎ ‎ before the plane took off.‎ ‎ A. go B. went ‎ C. was going D. to go ‎ 3. —Why do you look sad?‎ ‎ —There are so many problems__________.‎ ‎ A. remaining to settle B. remained settling ‎ C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled D B A C ‎ ‎4. —Do you know why they practise__________ basketball every ‎ ‎ day?‎ ‎ —They practise__________ in the basketball match of our school.‎ ‎ A. playing; to join B. playing; joining ‎ C. to play; to join D. to play; joining ‎ 5. Lily’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ‎ __________ again.‎ ‎ A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found ‎ 6. —We didn’t find the Blacks_________ the lecture.‎ ‎ —No one had told them about__________ a lecture the following ‎ ‎ day.‎ ‎ A. to attend; there to be B. attending; there being ‎ C. attended; there be D. attend; there was ‎ 7. The international agreement, __________encourage children not ‎ ‎ to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February ‎ ‎ 27. ‎ ‎ A. intending to B. being intended to ‎ C. intended to D. to intend to A B B C ‎ ‎8. __________twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, ‎ ‎ is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.‎ ‎ A. Being examined B. Examined ‎ C. Examining D. Having been examined ‎9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ‎ __________ whether he was going in the right direction.‎ ‎ A. seeing B. having seen ‎ C. to see D. to have seen ‎10. __________ horrible, the medicine was thrown away by the ‎ ‎ child. ‎ ‎ A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Being tasted ‎11. The long-lasting meeting ended in failure, _________no ‎ ‎ agreements.‎ ‎ A. to reach B. would reach C. reaching D. reached ‎12. Tom pretended__________ it, but in fact, he knew it very well.‎ ‎ A. not listen to B. not to hear about ‎ C. not to have heard about D. not to listen A C ‎ B C ‎ C ‎ ‎13. Even if the troops can be found, __________them remains a ‎ ‎ problem.‎ ‎ A. equips B. equipped ‎ C. having equipped D. equipping ‎14. He showed us a good tyre for comparison with the one ‎ __________.‎ ‎ A. wearing B. worn C. tearing D. torn ‎15. __________on time is one of our principles. And we do our ‎ ‎ best for customers.‎ ‎ A. Deliver goods B. Delivering goods ‎ C. Delivered goods D. Having delivered goods D B B