2009高考英语二轮语法词汇总复习及练习主谓一致 6页

本资料来源于《七彩教育网》http://www.7caiedu.cn 第十三章 主谓一致 主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲。处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一致。‎ ‎ 高考重点要求：‎ 1. ‎ 根据主谓一致的三个原则(语法一致,意义一致，就近一致), 判断和确定句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致 2. 掌握固定词组作主语,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 第一节 知识点概述 一、语法上的一致 一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：‎ Learning English is very important.‎ 学习英语是很重要的。‎ The girl together with her two sisters has left for Nanjing.‎ Both Bob and Tom are my friends.‎ 但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人，同一类物，谓语动词要用单数形式。‎ 例如：A singer and dancer is going to attend our meeting.‎ 由and连接的并列单数主语前，如果分别有each, every等修饰时，谓语要用单数。‎ 例如：Every boy and every girl was given a present.‎ Each word and each phrase in the dictionary is important.‎ 二、意义上的一致 ‎ 主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。‎ 例如：It seems to me that five years is so short a time.‎ Two hundred dollars was spent on the books.‎ 有些集体名词，如family, group, class等作主语时，作为整体看待，谓语动词要用单数，就其中一个个成员而言，谓语要用复数。‎ 例如：My family is a happy one.‎ My family are watching TV.‎ 三、就近一致 ‎ 出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。There be, Here be 句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致。当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时，be动词往往与最邻近的一个一致。‎ 例如：There is an orange, two apples and many bananas on the table.‎ There are two books and a dictionary on the desk.‎ 两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also等连接时，谓语动词用靠近原则。‎ 例如：Neither you nor I am right.‎ Not only the students but also the teacher is going to attend the meeting.‎ ‎ 但如果用as well as连接两个主语用靠前原则 例如：Mary as well as you is my friend.‎ 第一节 实战演练 一、复习时需注意的要点 1、 集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数，看作各个成员时，谓语用复数。 例如：His family isn’t large. His family are all fond of music.‎ 2、 些名词如news, maths, physics等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数。 例如：The news is wonderful. Physics is an interesting subject.‎ 3、 由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语，是当作一个整体看待的，后面用单数动词。‎ 例如：Five minutes is too short.‎ ‎ Ten dollars is enough.‎ 4、 主语后面跟有介词with或together with 引导的短语时，谓语动词一般与前面的主语的人称和数一致。‎ 例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab.‎ 5、 主语前有every或each修饰时，无论有几个主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ 例如：Every teacher and every student in our school has been to the Century‎ ‎Park. ‎ 二、历届高考试题分析 例1、He is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years.‎ A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 答案为D。‎ ‎【解析】 这是一个定语从句。在one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式：one of the students中的先行词是the students，定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式。the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one，定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。又因“for three years”是完成时的标志。‎ 例2、Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.‎ ‎ A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 答案：C ‎【解析】 Professor Smith决定谓语动词的数；his assistants和谓语动词的数无关。‎ 例3、Not only ______interested in football but ______beginning to show an interest in it.‎ A. the teacher himself is … all his students are ‎ B. the teacher himself is …are all his students ‎ C. is the teacher himself …are all his students ‎ D. is the teacher himself …all his students are 答案为D.‎ ‎【解析】 not only …but (also )连结两个句子，用部分倒装。‎ 例4、----“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _____ to go to university.”‎ ‎----“So do I.”‎ A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped 答案为B。‎ ‎【解析】 “each of +名词复数”谓语用单数。‎ 例5、E-mail, as well as telephone, ______ an important part in daily communication.‎ A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. hoped 答案为A。‎ ‎【解析】 本题考察主谓一致，当主语后面跟有as well as短语时，其后的谓语动词不受as well as之后的名词影响，仍然和主语在人称和数上保持一致。‎ 例6、Books of this kind ______ well.‎ A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 答案为A。‎ ‎【解析】 “kind(s) of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数依kind 单复数而定；“复数名词 + of this/that kind ”作主语时，谓语动词的数依of 前面的名词而定。本题中sell 用作不及物动词表示“销售”。‎ 例7、Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.‎ A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 答案为C。‎ ‎【解析】 mean单数复数一个形式。在本题中代表单数。‎ 例8、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.‎ A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 答案为D。‎ ‎【解析】 不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ 例9、The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons.‎ A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were 答案为C。‎ ‎【解析】 “the number of” 表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；“a number of”表示“许多”，谓语用复数。‎ 例10、______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.‎ ‎ A. Two fifth…is B. Two fifth…are C. Two fifths…is D. Two fifths…are 答案为C。‎ ‎【解析】 考察数词和主谓一致。分数词在句中作主语时，谓语动词必须跟分数词所修饰的名词保持数的一致。‎ 第三节 巩固练习 Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.‎ ‎1. His “Selected Poems” ______ first published in 1965.‎ A. were B. was C. has been D. were ‎2. All but one ______ here just now.‎ ‎ A. is B. was C. has been D. were ‎3. Seventy percent of the students here ______ from the country side.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. comes D. has come ‎4. More than 60 percent of world’s radio programmes ______ in English.‎ A. is B. was C. are D. be ‎5. The whole class ______ the teacher attentively.‎ ‎ A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening ‎6. The United States of America ______ one of the most developed countries in the world.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎7. The air in big cities ______ very dirty by factories.‎ ‎ A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made ‎8. A large number of students of this school _______ fond of playing football.‎ ‎ A. are B. was C. is D. be ‎9. Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.‎ ‎ A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study ‎10. I, who ______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your lessons.‎ ‎ A. be B. am C. are D. is ‎11. Ten dollars ______a big sum for a small child , and they will go a long way .‎ ‎ A. are B. being C. have D. is ‎12. The rich ______ not always happy.‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. has D. have ‎13. Apples of this kind _______.‎ ‎ A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well ‎14. The Olympic Games _______ held every _______ years.‎ ‎ A. is…four B. are…four C. is…five D. are…five ‎15. No one but her parents ______ it.‎ ‎ A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing ‎16. ______ a good enough price for this book.‎ ‎ A. Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuans is D. Two yuan is ‎17. No bird and no beast _______ in the lonely island.‎ ‎ A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees ‎18. The news of victories ______ spreading far and wide.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. have been D. were ‎19.Few of his family ______ with his imaginative ideas.‎ ‎ A. agree B. agrees C. are agreed D. is agreed ‎20. The paper for books and newspapers _____ made of wood.‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. has D. have ‎21. Neither your mother nor you ______ at home.‎ ‎ A. am B. is C. are D. be ‎ ‎22. It is she who _______ wrong.‎ A. is B. am C. are D. has been ‎23. ________ well looked after in that hospital.‎ ‎ A. Wounded are B. Wounded is C. The wounded are D. The wounded is ‎24. Twenty of us are old. The rest _______ young.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎25. The Smiths ______ to move into the new building.‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. has D. will ‎26. It is said the police _______ trying their best to catch the murderer.‎ ‎ A. have B. has C. is D. are ‎27. Here ______ a new pair of shoes for you.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. have D. has ‎28. The best ______ still unknown.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. be D. were ‎29. We each _______ to pass the entrance examinations.‎ ‎ A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. is hoping ‎30. Bread and butter ______ a kind of food.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎31. The watch and chain ______ of gold.‎ ‎ A. is made B. are made C. were made D. am made ‎32. Half the eggs ______ bad.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎33. ______ this pair of glasses ______ her well?‎ ‎ A. Is…fit B. Do…fit C. Does…fit D. Are…fit ‎34. About eighty percent of the students in his class ______ below sixteen.‎ A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎35. There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎36. A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed.‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. has D. have ‎37. Large quantities of paper ______ wasted.‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. has D. have ‎38. How and why he ______ come to Princeton‎, ‎New Jersey ______ a story of struggle, success and sadness.‎ ‎ A. had…was B. had… are C. had… has D. had… have ‎39. Not only I but also Jessie and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎ ‎40.My driving licence , rather than my credit cards, ______lost ., ‎ ‎ A. have B. are C. is D. has ‎ ‎41. Nobody but Jane and Mary ______ secret.‎ ‎ A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known ‎42. A great deal of ______ was done to crops.‎ ‎ A. damages B. damaging C. damage D. ruin ‎43. —Do you want the pants?‎ ‎ —My pants ______ laid in bed.‎ ‎ A. is B. was C. are D. being ‎44. I told him what I was surprised ______ his attitude towards his study.‎ ‎ A. is B. was C. at is D. at was ‎45. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest _______ more difficult.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎46. They each ______ a new dictionary.‎ ‎ A. has B. have C. is D. are ‎47.The pilot as well as four of the passengers ______death . ‎ ‎ A. has escaped B. have escaped C. has been escaped D. have been escaped ‎48. Every hour and every minute ______ important.‎ ‎ A. are B. were C. is D. will ‎49. Nobody except Bill and Johnny ______entered the second round of the interview.‎ A. have B. has C. have been D. has been ‎ ‎50. He is one of the old scientists who ______nothing about his personal income and fame .‎ ‎ A. cares B. care C. is caring D. are caring ‎ 第十三章 主谓一致 ‎1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B ‎11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C ‎21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. A ‎31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. A 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. C ‎41. B 42. C 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. B 本资料来源于《七彩教育网》http://www.7caiedu.cn