最高考2015高考英语江苏语法精讲精练专题五动词时态和语态常考点 11页

专题五　动词时态和语态常考点 在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。‎ 时态 主动语态形式 被动语态形式 一般现在时 am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时 ‎ was/were/did was/were done 现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done 现在完成进行时 has/have been doing ‎/‎ 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时 had done had been done 将来完成时 will/shall have done will /shall have been done 一般将来时 will /shall do am/is/are going to do am/is/are coming/leaving am/is/are to do am/is/are about to do will /shall be done am/is/are to be done 过去将来时 would do was going to do was coming/leaving was to do was about to do would be done was/were to be done 将来进行时 will /shall be doing ‎/‎ 　　一般现在时 ‎ 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①I'll go there after I ________(finish) my work.‎ ‎②The water will be further polluted unless some measures ________(take)．‎ ‎③My train ________(leave) at 6：30.‎ ‎④A snow ________(expect) to come next week.‎ ‎⑤On the wall ________(hang) a picture.‎ ‎⑥This kind of cloth ________(wash) well.‎ ‎⑦Don't take it away. It ________(belong) to me.‎ ‎⑧He said water________(boil) at 100 ℃.‎ ‎【答案】①finish　②are taken　③leaves　④is expected　⑤hangs　⑥washes　⑦belongs　⑧boils 　　一般过去时和现在完成时 ‎ 一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。‎ 现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。‎ 请区别下列几组句子：‎ ‎①He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)‎ He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)‎ ‎②It's two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)‎ It's two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)‎ ‎③This is the first/second/...time (that) I have_visited the school.‎ This was the first/second/...time I had_visited the school.‎ ‎④ He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)‎ He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)‎ ‎⑤I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)‎ I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①—I haven't seen you for ages. Haven't you graduated from college?‎ ‎—Yes. I________(study) English for four years in Nanjing‎ ‎University.‎ ‎②Where ________ you________(put) my book? I can't find it anywhere.‎ ‎③Although he has lived with us for years，he ________(not leave) us much impression.‎ ‎④My brother is an actor. He ________(appear) in several films in the past few years.‎ ‎⑤—Li Pin may not come tonight.‎ ‎—But he ________(promise)．‎ ‎【答案】①studied　②have；put　③hasn't left　④has appeared　⑤promised 　　过去完成时和将来完成时 ‎ 过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和no sooner...than...‎ ‎[注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：‎ ‎①I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/... to do...，but...‎ ‎＝I hoped/expected/... to have done...，but...‎ ‎＝I would like/love to have done...，but...‎ ‎＝I was to have done...，but...‎ ‎＝I was going to do...，but...‎ ‎＝I would have done...，but...‎ ‎②I was coming/leaving/arriving/..., but...‎ 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。如：‎ They will have completed the project by the end of next year.‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①Helen ________(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________(come) home.‎ ‎②I ________(hope) to meet Mr. Thompson this morning，but I found nobody left in the room.‎ ‎③By the time he ________(return) home，the work had been finished.‎ By the time he returns home，the work ____________(finish)．‎ ‎④We plan to reach the North Pole in mid－July，and by then we ____________(walk) for six weeks.‎ ‎【答案】①had left；came　②had hoped　③returned; will have been finished　④will have walked 　　现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时 ‎ 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly连用；‎ 过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；‎ 现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩；‎ 将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①—Have you moved into the new house?‎ ‎—Not yet. The rooms ____________(paint)．‎ ‎②My father ________(fall) while he ________(ride) his bicycle and ________(hurt) himself.‎ ‎③—Why are her eyes red?‎ ‎—She ____________(cry)．‎ ‎④He ____________(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.‎ ‎⑤You ________ always ________(watch) TV. Why not do something more active?‎ ‎⑥—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?‎ ‎—No，but we ________(try) to get in touch with them ever since.‎ ‎【答案】①are being painted　②fell；was riding；hurt　③has been crying　④will be flying　⑤are；watching　⑥have been trying 　　一般将来时 ‎ 注意区别will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do：‎ ‎①will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；‎ ‎②be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；‎ ‎③be about to do表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；‎ ‎④有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；‎ ‎⑤be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会”。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt. The plane________(take) off.‎ ‎②Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 ________(take) off at 18：20.‎ ‎③If you ____________(succeed)，you should work hard.‎ ‎④Look at the dark clouds. It ____________(rain)．‎ ‎⑤—The light is still on.‎ ‎—Sorry. I ________(go) and turn it off.‎ ‎【答案】①is taking　②takes　③are to succeed　④is going to rain　⑤will go 　　get＋过去分词 ‎ ‎“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎①The patient ________(treat) once a week.‎ ‎②He fell off the building and ________(kill)．‎ ‎【答案】①gets treated/is treated　②got killed/was killed 　　主动形式表示被动意义 ‎ 需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况：‎ ‎①当系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay等后面接形容词时；‎ ‎②当cut，read，sell，wear，write 等词有状语easily，well等修饰时；‎ ‎③measure，weigh，add up to后接数字时；‎ ‎④在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：‎ The problem is easy to solve.‎ ‎⑤need，want，require，deserve后接动名词主动形式，相当于to be done。如：‎ The watch needs repairing.‎ He deserves praising.‎ ‎⑥be worth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如：‎ The book is well worth buying.‎ ‎⑦固定短语be to blame，be to let。‎ ‎①The water ________ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.‎ A. was felt B. was to feel C. felt D. was to be felt ‎②I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child.‎ A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame ‎③Doctors and medical supplies ________ to the scene of the accident soon after the coal mine explosion.‎ A. had rushed B. were rushed C. were rushing D. rushed ‎④The moment the 28th Olympic Games ________ open，the whole world cheered.‎ A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared ‎⑤—Why did you leave that position?‎ ‎—I________ a better position at IBM.‎ A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered ‎⑥—How are the team playing?‎ ‎—They are playing well，but one of them ________ hurt.‎ A. got B. gets C. were D. is ‎⑦I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ________ the cloth ________ well.‎ A. have told；washes B. have been told；washes C. was told；was washed D. have been told；is washed ‎【答案】①C　②A　③B　④D　⑤D　⑥A　⑦B 　　感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 ‎ 感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形，改成被动语态时要加to。‎ 将下列句子改为被动语态：‎ ‎①I saw him fall down.‎ He was seen____________．‎ ‎②I made him wash the dishes.‎ He was made____________．‎ ‎【答案】①to fall down　②to wash the dishes 　　“据说/据报道/……”的表达 ‎ Somebody is(was)said/reported/believed/thought/known to...意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为……”。‎ 此时，动词不定式有三种形式，即to do, to be doing和to have done。到底用哪种形式，可用下面的方法来辨别：‎ 把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较：‎ 动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生：用to have done；‎ 动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生：用to be doing；‎ 动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性：用to do。‎ ‎①The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday. ‎ A. being robbed B. having been robbed C. to have been robbed D. robbed ‎②Wang Ming is said ________ abroad, but I am not sure which country it was. ‎ A. to study B. to have studied C. to be studying D. to have been studying ‎③Linda is thought ________ in Africa, but I really don't know what country she's working in.‎ A. to have worked B. to work C. to be working D. working ‎ ‎【答案】①C　②B　③C 　　不用被动语态的动词或动词短语 ‎ appear，disappear，occur，benefit，end，begin，happen，last，spread，break out，take place，belong to，come about，suffer from等。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎① The place caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ____________(remain) now. ‎ ‎② The medicine ____________(prove) vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain. ‎ ‎【答案】①remains　②has proved ‎1. (2014·湖南卷)Whenever you ________ a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.‎ A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy ‎2. (2014·江西卷)—Tony, why are your eyes red?‎ ‎—I ________ up peppers for the last five minutes.‎ A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting ‎3. (2014·江苏卷)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?‎ ‎—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.‎ A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered ‎4. (2014·重庆卷)James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ until yesterday.‎ A. will come B. was coming C. had come D. came ‎5. (2014·重庆卷)You'd better write down her phone number before you ________ it.‎ A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget ‎6. (2013·浙江卷)During the last three decades，the number of people participating in physical fitness programmes ________ sharply.‎ A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing ‎7. (2013·江苏卷)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?‎ ‎—Sure. I ________ a report at home.‎ A. will be writing B. will have written C. have written D. have been writing ‎8. (2013·山东卷)I didn't think I'd like the movie，but actually it ________ pretty good.‎ A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be ‎9. (2013·江西卷)I ________ to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.‎ A. come B. came C. am coming D. was coming ‎10. (2012·江苏卷)The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ________ some European business partners.‎ A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met ‎【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. B　5. A　6. B　7. A　8. B ‎9. D　10. D ‎1. Unfortunately，when I got to her flat，she ________，so we had only time for a few words.‎ A. just left B. had just left C. has just left D. was just leaving ‎2. Kate________ on her new novel，which is supposed to come out next month.‎ A. has been working B. had worked C. will be working D. was working ‎3. Profits in his company went up by 25% last year，and ________ so far this year though the financial situation is bad.‎ A. haven't decreased B. didn't decrease C. haven't been decreased D. weren't decreased ‎4. —Jeff，you look so excited today.‎ ‎—Sure I am，I ________ a good job in a big company，you know.‎ A. offered B. will offer C. have been offered D. was offered ‎5. —Are you about to have dinner?‎ ‎—Yes，it ________ in the dining－room.‎ A. is serving B. serves C. is being served D. is served ‎6. —I ran into the back of a truck yesterday and damaged my car badly.‎ ‎—I suppose you ________ too fast.‎ A. had driven B. drove C. have driven D. were driving ‎7. If a computer crashes，you will lose the file you ________on if you don't save it early enough.‎ A. are working B. work C. will work D. worked ‎8. I don't understand why you ________ your mind constantly！We haven't been able to decide where to spend our holiday，you know?‎ A. change B. will change C. are changing D. have changed ‎9. —Ring me at 5：00 a．m.? No better not so early！I ________．‎ ‎—I got it.‎ A. will sleep B. sleep C. am sleeping D. will be sleeping ‎10. —I'll come to see your performance at 9：00 tomorrow evening.‎ ‎—I'm sorry，but by then my performance ________ and I ________ reporters in the meeting room.‎ A. will end；will meet B. will have ended；will be meeting C. will be ended；am going to meet D. is to end；will meet ‎11. Miss Li ________ as a secretary for five years in the company，and now she is general manager of it.‎ A. serves B. served C. had served D. has served ‎12. —We all had a lot of fun at the barbecue yesterday. Pity you weren't there.‎ ‎—I really should have gone with you but I ________ on some remaining problems.‎ A. was working B. would work C. worked D. would have worked ‎13. —Listen，someone is knocking at the door.‎ ‎—Yes. ________ answer it.‎ A. I was going to B. I'll C. I plan to D. I am to ‎14. —Isn't it amazing that I met Francis at the Christmas party?‎ ‎—Really？For how many years ________ each other?‎ A. didn't you see B. haven't you seen C. hadn't you seen D. don't you see ‎15. I ________ to help you to do homework but I couldn't spare any time. I ________ a composition last night and I'll finish it today.‎ A. wanted；wrote B. had wanted；was writing C. have wanted；wrote D. wanted；have been writing ‎16. Now the world's attention ________ the stocking markets，as they have great influence on the world's economy.‎ A. is fixing on B. is being fixed on C. had been fixed on D. has fixed on ‎17. —I thought you were going to see your sister last weekend.‎ ‎—I ________，but at the last minute she called me to say that she had to deal with something urgent.‎ A. was to have B. was going to have C. would like to D. would ‎18. In this experiment，they are woken up several times during the night，and asked to report what they ________．‎ A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt ‎19. —Can you give me the right answer?‎ ‎—Sorry，I ________．Would you repeat that question?‎ A. hadn't listened B. haven't listened C. don't listen D. wasn't listening ‎20. It is certain that you were in a great hurry; you ________ your jacket inside out.‎ A. wore B. had worn C. were wearing D. are wearing ‎21. Food supplies in the flood－stricken area ________. We must act immediately before there's left.‎ A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out ‎22. I won't tell the student the answer to the maths problem until he ________ on it for more than an hour. ‎ A. will have worked B. had worked C. has been working D. will have been working ‎23. —Jerry loves his new dog, doesn't he? ‎ ‎—Yes, he ________ it out for a walk every day since he picked it up. ‎ A. takes B. took C. has taken D. has been taking ‎ ‎24. —Have you been to the United States? ‎ ‎—Yes, only once. I ________ there only for seven days. ‎ A. have stayed B. was staying C. stayed D. had stayed ‎ ‎25. —I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?‎ ‎—Sorry, I ________ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. ‎ A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make C. don't make D. haven't made ‎ ‎26. Look at the pride on Tom's face. He ________ to have been praised by the manager just ‎ now.‎ A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming ‎27. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money－making jobs they ________ before leaving their hometowns.‎ A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised ‎28. —Have you heard about that fire in the market?‎ ‎—Yes, fortunately no one ________．‎ A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt ‎29. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ________．‎ A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made ‎30. My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I ________ half of it. ‎ A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed ‎【答案】1. D　2. A　3. A　4. C　5. C　6. D　7. A　8. C ‎9. D　10. B　11. B　12. A　13. B　14. C　15. B　16. B ‎17. A　18. C　19. D　20. D　21. D　22. C　23. D　24. C　25. D　26. B　27. D　28. B　29. C　30. D