英语高考阅读七选五的命题思路及答题策略 26页

‎2015年高考英语七选五专项复习训练 第一部分：英语高考阅读七选五的命题思路及答题策略 五．做题技巧和策略。‎ ‎ 1．辨别语境线索 语境线索主要指反应上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指称、同构等。‎ 词语重现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指词语的简单重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。比如：read, reading, reader, readers。还可能是以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。（关键词语重现）‎ ‎ 逻辑是事物之间内在的、必然的联系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分总关系等。‎ 连接是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系，如and, however等。（并列关系、转折关系。）‎ 指称是指用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等，如he, she, they，it。‎ 同构是指上下文使用了同一或类似的句式结构。‎ ‎2. 分析短文篇章结构 分析篇章结构、把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。语篇通常由段落构成，所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次：一是分析段落之间的层次，也就是语篇层次；二是分析每个段落内部的层次，即句际层次。尤其是选项与前（后）句之间的逻辑关系和信息联系，是确定答案的主要依据。 ‎ 六. 解题思路及要领 ‎●通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。‎ ‎●根据标点符号确定有几个句子。‎ ‎●除中心词、关键词外，将所有句子按意义分出层次，如果是承接、平列、层进关系，则可分为两个或两个以上的层次，如果是解释、转折一般就可以一分为二。‎ ‎●再分析各层次之间的关系。‎ ‎●最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位，几个层次，特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。‎ 七．正确选项特征：‎ ‎1、放进去通顺，这一点是基础。凡不通顺的必错无疑；‎ ‎2、选项与其上句或下句之间有必然的逻辑关系；‎ ‎3、选项全部内容都属于正确答案所在段；‎ ‎4、选项中有单词、词组、句子成分或与所选答案所在段内容相匹配或重合；‎ 例如：上面第2项所指的逻辑关系主要是指代词关系、冠词关系以及连接词关系等。‎ 例如，代词关系方面，如果所选答案中有he, him, his等词，这就意味着空前面必然出现了a boy, a man等词或人名。如果这些词在空后面出现，就意味着正确答案中必有a boy, a man等词或人名。‎ 冠词方面，如果正确答案中出现了定冠词the，则空前将有不定冠词a(n)或与之相应的名词等出现。如果定冠词第一次出现在空后，则意味着空里所需的答案中会有不定冠词a(n)或相应的名词等出现。‎ 连接词方面，如果but ,however等出现在答案中，则意味着该 答案与空前部分含义是相反的，但同时又与空后的内容在含义上是一顺的或一致的；如果答案中有for another，前面不远处会有for one thing，如果答案中有other(s)，前面不远处会有some，如果答案中有second，前面不远处会有first等等。需要注意的是for one thing...for another..., some...other(s)..., first...second...等这些组合既可能出现在同一段落中，也可能分别出现在相邻两段的句首。‎ 八． 关于大小标题 无论什么样的阅读题，只要有大小标题，难度就大为降低了。七选五中需要注意的：‎ A. 大小标题的特点，大标题是对全文的概括总结，小标题是对其下面段落的概括总结；‎ B. 大标题每个实词的首字母都大写（单凭这一点就很难出错），几个小标题之间长短基本一致，用词的特点相同，且小标题一般都以动词开头，没有主语；‎ C. 好多时候，只要答案与小标题中的词汇重合了，也就正确了。‎ 九.七选五的做题顺序 ‎ 七选五应先看备选答案，把其中隐含的代词、冠词、连接词所揭示的内在逻辑关系搞清楚。然后再看文章，在读文章的过程中不但要确定正确答案，还要同时排除错误答案。本题即将做完时，如果有两个答案搞不准，不妨试着把两个答案换一下位置，一旦发现换了之后更通顺，更符合逻辑，那就意味着5分（4乘以1.25)到手了。做完题后，看一眼剩下的两个落选答案，如果清晰地知道它们为什么落选，本题型就得满分了，如果突然感觉到“不好，错了”，当场改正，也花不了多少时间。‎ 十． 七选五口诀 逻辑关系前后句，词汇重合上下文；内容全归所在段，语意通顺且连贯。‎ 口诀中第一句说明要通过逻辑关系寻找正确答案，只需把备选答案、空前、空后这三句看清就可以了，不用考虑得太多；第二句的上下文是指所在段的上下文，一旦串段了,就会错出十万八千里；第三句涉及段落的一致性，英语文章一旦把段与段之间的关系搞混了，就像汉语文章跑题一样，无药可救。‎ 十一． 现说明“七选五补全阅读题”的解题方法。‎ Have you ever lost your temper? Did you yell or scream at those around you, even people you like or love? Did you want to break something or hit someone?‎ Everyone gets angry. We have lots of emotions. At different times, we may be happy, sad or jealous. 1 .‎ It’s perfectly okay to be angry at time（偶尔）--- in fact, it’s important to get angry sometimes. Anger can even be a good thing. When we are treated unfairly, anger can help us stand up for ourselves.‎ ‎__2___ some people keep their anger buried deep inside. If you do this, you might get a headache or your stomach might start to hurt. You may just feel crummy (糟糕的) about yourself or start to cry. It’s not good to hide your anger, so you should find a way to let it out without hurting yourself or others.‎ When you start to feel angry, you can count to 10, draw a picture of anger, play a video game, run as fast as you can or do something active. An effective way is to talk to a friend you can trust. 3 .‎ ‎4 Instead, admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why you are angry and what you can do to keep the situation from happening again.‎ Never getting angry is impossible. But, you should always remember that how you act when you’re angry can make the situation better or worse. ‎ ‎5 Take charge of it!‎ A. Once you talk about anger, those bad feelings usually start to go away.‎ B. Taking it out on others never solves anything.‎ C. Anger is just another way we feel.‎ D. Here is an important way to deal with anger.‎ E. But anger must be released in the right way.‎ F. Every coin has two sides.‎ G. Don’t let anger be the boss of you.‎ 一、阅读短文，把握中心 二、明白体裁，理清思路 三、上下求索，瞻前顾后 四、确定答案，入文复查 通过阅读该短文，知该短文话题是人们对“生气---这种情绪的掌控”。‎ 本文为议论文，第一段由问句引出话题，谈到有时人们会出现情绪失控的状况。第二段，谈到人们有时会开心、悲伤或嫉妒、生气。第三段谈生气有时是重要的。第四段谈到把生气这种状态埋藏在心底是不好的，要学会宣泄但不要伤害别人。第五段介绍正确的宣泄方式。第六段谈不良情绪的正确控制。第七段总结，“要用理智处理不良的情绪”。‎ ‎1.C 解析：前面谈到“Everyone gets angry”,后面谈到“To be angry at times---is important to get angry sometimes.”‎ ‎2.E. 解析：整个第三自然段的核心意思是“It’s not good to hide your anger, so you should find a way to let it out without hurting yourself or others”.(把愤怒埋藏在心底是不可取的，所以要找到一种在不伤害别人的情况下宣泄自己不良情绪的方法)‎ ‎3.A. 解析：“An effective way is to talk to a friend you can trust.” 然后承接下一句“Once you talk about anger, those bad feelings usually start to go away.”‎ ‎4.B. 解析：“Taking it out on others never solves anything.”然后是转折关系“Instead, admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why you are angry and what you can do”.‎ ‎5. G. 解析：“Don’t let anger be the boss of you”然后是顺接关系“Take charge of it!”‎ 第二部分：高考真题回放（2007--2012）‎ ‎3.（2009年宁夏，海南卷） ‎ ‎ Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables. ‎ ‎71 Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time. ‎ Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. 72 Ideal （理想的）study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner. ‎ Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. 73‎ You’ll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After you’ve set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing. ‎ ‎74 Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair. ‎ ‎75 This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable. ‎ A. Pick a place where your children can study properly. ‎ B. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves. ‎ C. Finally, spend time with your kids when they’re studying. ‎ D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement, too. ‎ E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed. ‎ F. Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward. ‎ G. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to.‎ ‎4. (2010年宁夏、海南卷) Q&A ‎ Question: I have recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 71 My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn’t have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings?‎ Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers (同事) is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period is required. Question-and-answer periods are a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points. 72 .‎ ‎● 73 ‎ When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification (澄清).‎ ‎● Buy time.‎ When facing a hard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. 74 These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.‎ ‎● Suggest a private meeting.‎ A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. 75 ‎ A. Show your true interest. ‎ B. Restate the question with respect.‎ C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.‎ D. There were many difficult questions.‎ E. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.‎ F. You may also ask for clarification on the question.‎ G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.‎ ‎5. (2011年全国新课标卷) Money Matters ‎ Parents should help their children understand money. 71 So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.‎ 1. The basic function of money Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). 72 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.‎ 2. Money lessons Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. 73 If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “ You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “ You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”‎ 3. ‎74 ‎ Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product--- a name-brand butter and a ‎ generic (无商标产品)，for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 75 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.‎ A. Wise decisions B. The value of money C. Permit the child to choose between them.‎ D. Tell your child why he can –or cannot --- have certain things.‎ E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.‎ G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.‎ ‎6.（2011年北京） Public Speaking and Critical Thinking ‎ What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic（逻辑）—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.‎ In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking—the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. 71 The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thanking.‎ ‎ 72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal at time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have 73 ‎ What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.‎ If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.‎ A．Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.‎ B．This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.‎ C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.‎ D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.‎ ‎ E．If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.‎ F．The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways G．As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.‎ ‎7.（2011年辽宁卷） ‎ Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp ‎　　Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing. 71 Read on for some techniques worth trying.‎ ‎　　1. 72 ‎ ‎　　People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent ‎ reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study. 73 Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brains looking forward.‎ ‎　　2. Go for a walk. ‎ ‎　　Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74 ‎ ‎　　3. Learn something new.‎ ‎　　Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. 75 Or go dancing with your friends.‎ ‎　　A. Focus on the future.‎ ‎　　B. This can be especially harmful to the aged.‎ ‎　　C. It should be something like learning gardening.‎ ‎　　D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. ‎ ‎　　E. But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.‎ ‎　　F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.‎ ‎　　G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.‎ ‎8.(2012年全国I卷) ‎ ‎ Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stress 一like screaming or hitting someone一don't solve much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.‎ Try taking these four steps, the next time you are stressed:‎ ‎(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.‎ ‎ (2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. 73 ‎ ‎ (3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business. 74 Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.‎ ‎ (4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 75 ‎ A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.‎ B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.‎ C. Different people feel stress in different ways D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.‎ E. You need to figure out what the problem is.‎ F. And don't forget about your friends.‎ G. Then, find a way to calm down。‎ How to Make Friends ‎ Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. G ood friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. ‎ ‎ 1. Associate with others. ‎ The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. ‎ 2. Start a conversation Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 72 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. ‎ 3. ‎73 ‎ Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. ‎ 4. Let it grow. ‎ It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 74 . The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. ‎ 5. Enjoy your friendship The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. ‎ A. Be cheerful. ‎ B. Do things together. ‎ C. Do not wait to be spoken to. ‎ D. Try not to find fault with your friends. ‎ E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. ‎ F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. ‎ G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. ‎ ‎ ‎ 第三部分：实战演练 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ 1.‎ Trust has been considered as the basis of any relationship, including friendship. No relationship can last long with a lack of trust. Not many of your friends will have real faith in you as you would like to believe. _71_ . Sometimes, it takes years, even a complete lifetime, to trust someone. However, how do we know if our friends have faith in us?‎ ‎ _72_ . With whom will you share things that you don’t want everyone to know? It would be with a close friend, whom you trust as much as you trust yourself. While a few of your friends may be fiercely protective of their privacy and may not tell their secrets to anyone, those who do, surely find you trustworthy and reliable.‎ ‎ Whom do you look up to for advice when you need it the most? It has to be either your parents or your friends. _73_ . This is a shining example of trust. You only seek advice from people you hold in high regard and find dependable. The friends who trust you will never forget to include you in the important decisions of their life. ‎ ‎ Arguments and heated discussions are a part of every relationship, and this is also true for friendship. _74_ . While some people find it difficult to forgive and forget, your friends will never have problems moving on. It is because they trust you and believe that you will never cause any pain to them on purpose. ‎ ‎ There are times in life when you find yourself a lonely soldier. _75_ . Your friends will never let you down and will strongly stand for you when you need encouragement. You can determine that they trust you and believe in your beliefs, if they side with you when you need them the most. ‎ A. People can be extraordinarily jealous(猜疑的) sometimes.‎ B. You know they will never pass on a wrong suggestion.‎ C. In fact, winning trust is, by far, the most challenging aspect of relationships.‎ D. Two people cannot have identical reactions to a situation and different opinions do exist.‎ E. No matter how close you are to your friends, you cannot take that comfort level for granted.‎ F. If your friends share their secrets, there’s a good possibility that they have much faith in you.‎ G. However, people who are fortunate to have been blessed with true friends are never alone in any battle. ‎ ‎2. ‎ What we wear at home is our own business. We can dress freely at home. No one will care or debate about it. _71_ . Why? That’s because the way we dress affects us and other people. It is basically a matter of self respect and respect for others. ‎ ‎ According to a famous behavioral economist, humans have a pattern of irrational(不理智的) behaviours. One of them is called “the effect of expectation”. Ariely says that when a person believes beforehand that something is good, he will look upon it generally as good, _72_ . If you wear a cheap old T-shirt like a beggar, the respect and expectation that you gain from people around you will be poor. ‎ ‎ Some people might argue that we should have the freedom to dress however we want regardless of what people think. They can also argue that we should not judge people based on how a person dresses. _73_ . People judge us based on how we look, and that is a fact that we should accept. ‎ ‎ In fact, we don’t have to spend a lot of money buying the most expensive clothes. It doesn’t make sense to go to a supermarket in a tux (晚礼服). _74_ . Experts suggest that we should have various levels of dressing. For example, level 1: dressing for staying at home, level 2: casual dress for going out with friends, level 3: formal dress for work, level 4: attire (盛装) for business functions and so on.‎ ‎ _75_ . When we choose clothes to wear, we should be aware of how it makes us generally look. At least we should be aware of it instead of just wearing it and going without giving a second thought. Dressing up is how you “sell” yourself so don’t take it too lightly. ‎ A. The dress should match the occasion.‎ B. It is helpful to have fashion awareness when we dress.‎ C. Therefore, the look is important for a first impression.‎ D. That is pretty ideal, but it is not practical in the real world.‎ E. It changes people’s reactions towards you in a positive way.‎ F. Therefore, it is a good idea to be aware of how we behave at home.‎ G. However, when we dress up and go out to public places, it becomes an issue. ‎ ‎3. ‎ You all now what a sandwich is. You have eaten plenty of them in your lifetime. A sandwich consists of two pieces of bread with all kinds of stuff in between. _71_ . People who belong to the sandwich generation are those who are taking care of their own families as well as their aging ‎ parents.‎ ‎ _72_ . If a couple waits until late in their life to start a family, by the time the child becomes a crazy teenager the parents may find themselves with the responsibility of taking care of their elderly parents as well. For example, a 55-year-old woman must try to cope with her 17-year-old son, while also attending to her 85-year-old father at the same time.‎ ‎ The sandwich generation consists primarily of women in the 45 to 56 age range. They are multi-tasking ----- they become caretakers as well as nurses. _73_ . Often the elderly parents are in poor health and this must be dealt with. These women spend a lot of money on their kids and a lot of time taking care of their parents.‎ ‎ Historically, children and grandchildren have always helped care for the elderly people in their family. Often several generations lived together in the same house. This practice is not prevalent(普遍地) nowadays. _74_‎ ‎ Another interesting fact about those in the sandwich generation is that they may not have any siblings(兄弟姐妹), because families have gotten smaller in the last century. _75_ . As a result, the burden of taking care of elderly parents is on one child rather than among a whole passel(群) of kids, who shared the responsibility as it once was. ‎ A. Some people of the sandwich generation are seniors themselves.‎ B. There are 20 million American women who like the sandwich very much.‎ C. Living to the age of 85 or older used to be rare but it is not so any more.‎ D. And sometimes they can’t handle it very well but they don’t have a choice.‎ E. Alternatively, they may only have one sibling but may live far from each other.‎ F. That visual image should give you an idea of what the “sandwich generation’ is.‎ G. However, this type of living arrangement may return because of financial pressures.‎ ‎4.‎ ‎ As humans, it seems we are natural and compulsive liars. Most people tell some kind of lie every day. _71_ But in many instances it is not seen as being very bad.‎ ‎ Lying often starts with wrong-doing. For whatever reason, we do something that others disapprove of. When they are in a position of greater power, they might punish us. _72__. As a consequence, we deny what we have done, pointing the finger at others or justifying the act with some excuse.‎ ‎ When others might not directly punish us, embarrassment is a powerful form of self-inflicted(自我施加的) punishment. We imagine what others are thinking and assume that they are silently disapproving. __73__. We, therefore, lie to reduce the possible negative impact on our social position.‎ ‎ The opposite side of embarrassment is to gain the admiration of other people. As a result, a specific advantage we seek when lying is for others to think highly of us. Impression-management is particularly common in social and work situations, where we want others to think we are successful in order to get their approval and the subsequent(随后的) rewards this can bring, _74__.‎ ‎ A more socially acceptable reason for lying is to help others, particularly your friends and family. Sometimes, however, we use this as an excuse, telling ourselves we are lying for others when we really are gaining benefit for ourselves, such as avoiding embarrassment. __75__ For example saying you are feeling fine when you know it would upset a friend if you said you have a serious illness. White lies are also often used in saving face.‎ ‎ A. Of course some are more serious than others.‎ ‎ B. Even if they don’t, their disapproval may be punishment enough.‎ ‎ C. Sometimes we avoid telling things to other people more for their benefit than ours.‎ ‎ D. The possible loss of social position that causes embarrassment is a powerful force on us. ‎ ‎ E. The ability to lie and lie successfully is thought to be related to the development of brain.‎ F. For example, lying in order to make oneself look good is particularly common in job interviews. ‎ G. When it comes to covering up their lies, people learn quite young that they should pretend to be innocent.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5 ‎ Did you know that the unconscious mind can open up when we write? Journaling, writing and reading poetry or just writing about a specific problem can help the mind deal with its own issues and keep its balance. __71_. It affects the immune system (免疫系统) and the heart, and even the biochemical stability of the brain and nervous system as a result. Writing is a form of therapy (治疗) for the mind and for the body.‎ ‎ __72_. Groups like the National Association for Poetry Therapy and The National Federation for Poetry Therapy are examples. There is also a specific scientific publication called The Journal of Poetry Therapy and it provides accurate information for the professionals in the area.‎ ‎ However, as far back in history as some ancient Greek philosophers, poetry was already referred to as a pathway to liberate emotions and bring cures. __73_. Recently, with the advance of scientific research, findings have proved that writing can be a therapeutic tool in the treatment of conditions such as eating disorders, mental and emotional issues.‎ ‎ As easy as pulling out a piece of paper and a pen, you could also benefit from the positive influences of writing. But writings should be free, about how you feel or what you wish for. __74_. Write for yourself. Write about you, about your feelings, and about your fears. Use the words that first come to your mind. When you write about your issues, your brain will acknowledge your problems and your heart will be able to lighten its burden.‎ ‎ However, remember that you should always ask for help if the issues you are dealing with require medical or professional attention. __75_. Writing as a therapeutic tool has its benefits as well as its limitations.‎ A. Writing a poem won’t cost you a lot of time.‎ B. Therapy has its place in the treatment of specific conditions.‎ C. The limitation of thoughts or feelings can hurt the body gradually.‎ D. Today, you need to receive some training to learn how to write poems.‎ E. There are many organizations that use writing as a therapy, especially poetry.‎ F. You should forget about the stressful school report or the spelling competition.‎ G. They believed that the poets were the first ones to discover the unconscious mind.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6 ‎ Have you been in a slump (萎靡) lately? You’re not alone. I can’t tell you how many people I’ve run into this week ---- the week after Thanksgiving ---- who just didn’t want to go back to work. _71_ . They know the month of December tends to be a blur (模糊不清), filled with holiday parties and too many drinks. And they’re having a hard time coming back to reality. They’re uninspired, unmotivated, and even depressed. Here are some ways to help you get motivated again.‎ ‎ If you’re involved in too many things, you will put less effort into everything you’re doing. And it’s completely natural to feel unmotivated to do something that you can’t put your heart fully into. Doing less takes the stress off your shoulders. _72_ ‎ ‎ When you do something consistently, it’s momentum (动力) that will often keep you motivated to continue. _73_ . If you’re trying to add an exercise habit, make a weekly gym schedule and stick to it. If you’re an entrepreneur, do something to move your business forward every single day. ‎ ‎ _74_ . Why did you become a writer? A designer? Why did you want to start eating ‎ healthier? Exercising more? Think about why you started it ---- and how excited and motivated you were at the time. Do your original reasons still ring true? If not, it might be time to move on and try something else. If so, you may just have found the energy to keep going.‎ ‎ There’s something about being out in nature that can incite (激起) motivation even in the most unmotivated people. Maybe it’s the vastness of the outside world that reminds us that we’re just a tiny piece of this big puzzle. _75_ . ‎ A. They had a few days off, and now they want more.‎ B. As a result, if you’re a writer, write nearly every day.‎ C. Whatever you do or keep in your life, make it worthy of keeping.‎ D. Also, it lets you focus on a few things you’re really excited about.‎ E. When all else fails, think about the original reason you started doing what you’re doing.‎ F. Encouraging words from an outside source may be just what you need to get the ball rolling again.‎ G. Whatever the reason, taking a walk, or getting out in the sunshine can have big motivational effects.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7 ‎ ‎ It is well known that the radiation that comes from computers is bad for our health and eyes. _71 _ . There are lots of anti-radiation eyeglasses for you to choose from. Most computer eyeglasses are made from plastic with resin lenses (树脂镜片). You had better choose plastic eyeglass frames for your computer eyeglasses. It is good for your eyes and skin.‎ ‎ When you reach the ages of forty, you can buy a pair of reading eyeglasses to see far and to see near. When you get a pair of reading eyeglasses, you have to take an eye exam to get your latest prescription from the eye doctor. __72_ . You should choose a pair of reading eyeglasses based on your requirements.‎ ‎ You can see a large number of athletes wearing a pair of sports eyeglasses during games. No matter what sports you love, you have to choose a pair of sports eyeglasses to protect your eyes. _73_ . Therefore, you should be careful. Wearing a pair of sports eyeglasses can help you see things clearly and protect your eyes.‎ ‎ _74_ . They think that wearing eyeglasses will never be out of fashion. Different seasons have different fashions for eyeglasses, so they have many types of eyeglasses in their daily life. When they go out, they need a pair of sunglasses to protect their eyes from strong sunlight and UV radiation. Eyeglasses are one of the fashion accessories in our daily life. ‎ ‎ No matte if you wear prescription eyeglasses, computer eyeglasses, reading eyeglasses, sports eyeglasses or fashionable eyeglasses, you can freely choose them at online eyeglass stores. _75_ .‎ A. Most old people would like to have a pair in their daily life.‎ B. There are two kinds of reading eyeglasses for you to choose from.‎ C. There are many chances to damage your eyes during sports activities.‎ D. Some people have no prescription but want a pair of fashionable eyeglasses.‎ E. They even think that if you don’t have a pair of glasses, you are not a person of the modern time.‎ F. As a result, people who are working in front of the computer need a pair of computer eyeglasses. ‎ G. Also, you can choose a pair of eyeglasses to meet your functions easily with the fast growth of technology.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8 ‎ ‎ __71__‎ ‎ If your complaint is immediate, suppose you got the wrong order at a restaurant, make a polite but firm request to see the manager. When the manager comes, ask his or her name. And then state your problem and what you expect to have done about it. Be polite! __72__ .‎ ‎ But also be firm in making your complaint.‎ ‎ __73__ . This doesn’t mean to put on airs and say “ do you know who I am?” what it means is that people are often treated the way they expect to be treated. If you act like someone who expects a fair request to be granted, chances are that it will be granted.‎ ‎ __74__ . You are speaking to a voice coming from someone you cannot see. So you can’t tell how the person on the line is reacting. It is easy for that person to give you the run-around (借口).‎ ‎ __75__ . If your complaint doesn’t require an immediate response, it often helps to complain by letter. If you have an appliance that doesn’t work, send a letter to the store that sold it. Be business-like and stick to the point. Don’t spend a paragraph on how your uncle John tried to fix the problem and couldn’t. ‎ A. Shouting or acting rude will get you nowhere.‎ B. Complaining in person or by letter is generally more effective.‎ C. The worst way to complain is over the telephone.‎ D. Telephone complaint is never efficient.‎ E. The way to complain is to act business-like and important.‎ F. Besides, act important.‎ G. There are many ways to complain.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. Zoo animals VS animals in the wild(董)‎ Zoo animals usually live longer than their wild counterparts. This is because they have access to medical care and better nutrition in zoos. Moreover, there is a lack of predators（捕食者）.___71__.Elderly wild animals lose their strength, ability to find and digest food and often lose their social standing in their species social structure. Zoos are learning how to care for old animals.‎ Boredom is a big problem for animals in zoos and something animals in the wild do not have to face. Animal experts believe that a small place produces boredom. __72__ . They also provide companies and hide pieces of food so the animals have to search for it as in the wild.‎ ‎__73__. A case in point is the Asiatic wild horse. The species was hunted to extinction in the wild by 1969. The entire world population is kept at the National Zoo in Washington‎, ‎DC. All of those animals were zoo-born.‎ Animals living in the wild may come into contact with people. The animals may hunt livestock（家畜）or eat farmers’ crops. __74__. In good zoos, people can see that these animals are not just able to make trouble, but lead complex lives. This can help people save the animal and the habitat needed to keep the animal alive in the wild.‎ Wild animals often reproduce better when they are in the wild. __75_ . One of the remarkable examples is the female giant panda. Using artificial（人工的）means has helped raise the worldwide panda population. Also, by trying to recreate the animal’s natural living conditions as much as possible, zoo animals will breed.‎ A. The goals of zoos have changed.‎ B. However, some animals are an exception.‎ C. As a result, they are considered harmful and are hunted.‎ D. If they live in the wild, they have to battle against them.‎ E. Even so, it often leaves one to wonder if the animals live well.‎ F. For some species, living in zoos is the only way the species can survive.‎ G. So good zoos have replaced all metal cages for those animals that used to live in large areas.‎ ‎10 ‎ Did you know that the kinds of games parents play with their children can influence whether these children want to learn math and science? _71__. Bigger, smaller, higher, lower, faster, slower are the worlds of math and science for the young child. And these are the beginnings of math and science learning.‎ Children are never too young to become interested in math and science. 72__ . They are curious. They ask questions all the time. They like to explore and find out the answers, they are building children’s interest in math and science. And children who have such experiences when they are very young develop an enjoyment and confidence in math and science that will pay off when they are older.‎ Parents should choose toys that help children learn. Children learn about the world by playing. They need toys that encourage them to imagine and explore. 73 __. The toys children need are often simple, last a long time and don’t use batteries. Great toys include:‎ Balls: Balls of all kinds and sizes can be bounced, rolled, thrown in the air, and chased across the floor or grass. Which kind of ball bounces highest? Lowest? _74__. ‎ Puzzles: Puzzles help children solve problems! Doing a puzzle means thinking, practicing, and learning shapes, sizes and colors. Young children need puzzles with a few large pieces. You can make your own by cutting a magazine picture into large pieces. _75__. The more they do, the better they get.‎ A. As children get older, they can do harder ones.‎ B. Which ones sink in water and which ones float?‎ C. Older brothers and sisters can be good story readers.‎ D. Children practice saying out what is inside their heads.‎ E. They don’t have to be expensive or advertised on television.‎ F. In fact, young children are natural scientists and mathematicians.‎ G. So can the questions parents ask and the toys they give their children to play with.‎ ‎11 ‎ A life lesson is just what it sounds like—a lesson you learn in life. It’s really based on the idea of learning from your mistakes. Life lessons could be described as defining an individual’s life experiences. __71__. For example, a young man’s life lessons are different from an old man’s.‎ ‎ Life lessons can occur in any area. Although we learn many things each day, we don’t always learn something that we feel will affect our behavior for the rest of our lives. __72__. A life lesson is usually something we feel greatly changes us.‎ ‎ __73__. Since a life lesson is learned through the consequences of our actions or reactions, in this way we can gain insight into how we think, act and react in certain situations. Perhaps one of the biggest life lessons we can ultimately（最终地）learn is that while we can’t control everything, we can control our response to things.‎ ‎ If we respond in a certain way to something and then face unpleasant consequences from our actions, this can make us rethink how we handled the situation. We would want to make different choices and decisions in the future to get the outcome we wanted instead of the one we didn’t want. This can serve as a life lesson so that when faced with similar circumstances, we can consciously change our behavior. _74__.‎ ‎ Life lessons in relationships are varied and unique. There are common themes such as spending more time with loved ones. Some of us learn a major life lesson when a loved one dies. We wish we had spent more time with that person. __75__.‎ A. As a result, they are unique to each person.‎ A. This separates a life lesson from everything else we learn.‎ B. Another example of a life lesson is about work.‎ C. Life lessons can serve to help us understand ourselves better.‎ D. Making a living at something we are passionate about is better.‎ E. To put is simply, a life lesson teaches us not to make the same mistake twice.‎ F. This lesson can result in us spending more time with our remaining loved ones.‎ ‎12 ‎ Homework is a bridge that joins schools and parents. For teachers, homework is an effective way to provide additional instruction through practice. __71__. Through it, parents can observe their children’s education and express a positive attitude towards their children’s education. As children grow older, homework and the amount of time engaged in homework increase in importance.‎ ‎ Through practice and participation in learning tasks, homework can improve children’s achievement. Thus, it would be expected that if homework were completed accurately, not only would children’s general knowledge and grades improve but they would also increase mastery of basic study skills. __72__.‎ ‎ Homework can provide other benefits. When children bring an assignment（功课）home, gather and organize necessary materials to complete the assignment, return the assignment and receive a grade, they strengthen their sense of responsibility. _73__. When completing homework, they will plan how long they should spend on one subject.‎ ‎ __74__. When parents become involved in the homework that kids bring from school, they are given a chance to communicate with their kids on what is happening in their school lives. A lot can be learned by parents when they sit beside their kids as they do their homework.‎ ‎ Finally, although we often do not consider that homework serves a school administrative（管理的）role, it offers schools an opportunity to let parents know what their children are learning. __75__. Homework can also fulfill an administrative role in helping schools achieve their overall job of improving students’ achievement.‎ A. For parents, homework serves as a window.‎ B. Meanwhile, they also improve their time management.‎ C. Reading‎, writing, spelling and mathematics are included.‎ D. Homework is actually a good way to improve family communication.‎ E. Thus, homework can play a role by keeping parents informed about class activities.‎ F. They will be able to discuss the things that have been going on in each other’s lives.‎ G. Some websites provide tips, suggestions and solutions to common homework problems.‎ ‎13 ‎ Nowadays, home has become a place where people sleep most of the time. Due to such a relation, many young people feel that they are burdened with an unnecessary thing called family when they could be doing better without it. For some people, friends are the only important relationship of life. _71__. Only family will love you unconditionally.‎ ‎ The feeling of tear is present in every human. All of us need to feel secure because security is important for a smooth running life. A family gives you security. The number or the strength of family members does not matter. __72__ . This is because you know that your family will stand by you, no matter what. This feeling helps in the progress of humans as they do not need to be worried about their safety.‎ ‎ __73__. The fulfillment of those needs is necessary for the mind. Everybody needs affection, appreciation, a sense of belonging, love, etc. A family relationship provides you with all these things without you demanding it. It not only gives you love, but also increases your confidence ‎ from time to time. It teaches you the morals and principles of society and how to survive in the outside world.‎ ‎ Being a social animal, we need company. __74__. Family provides us with reasons to laugh, cry and think. Family members are the only people who feel genuine about you. They keep on giving, without expecting anything in return. They are the only people who really care for you. They might complain about your cold-blooded nature, but they won’t stop loving and caring for you!‎ ‎ Family is a unit of society that you can turn to, even if you have done something wrong. The goodness in you is due to your family. __75__. You are a part of it, so be happy that you are lucky enough to have a family!‎ A. Every relation has its own importance.‎ B. Humans also have many psychological needs.‎ C. Safety also refers to the safety of property and employment.‎ D. As a result, you should also put it and our family members in your heart.‎ E. Though we like to spend time alone, we cannot live happily alone, forever.‎ F. A family of three and a family of twelve both give you a feeling of being safe.‎ G. However, they are not aware of the fact that family can replace friends, but friends cannot replace family.‎ ‎14 ‎ You might know that eating certain foods can increase your heart disease risk._ 71__. Whether you have years of unhealthy eating under your belt or you simply want to fine-tune your diet, here are some heart-healthy diet tips. Once you know which foods to eat more of and which foods to limit, you’ll be on your way toward a heart-healthy diet.‎ ‎1. Control your portion size.‎ ‎__72__. Overloading your plate and eating until you feel full can lead to eating more calories, fat and cholesterol（胆固醇）than you should. Portions served in restaurants are often more than anyone needs. Keep track of the number of servings you eat—and use proper serving sizes—to help control your portions.‎ ‎2. Eat more vegetables and fruits.‎ ‎ Vegetables and fruits are good sources of vitamins and minerals. Vegetables and fruits are also low in calories and rich in fiber. Vegetables and fruits contain things found in plants that may help prevent diseases related to the heart. _73__. Keep vegetables washed and cut in your refrigerator for quick snacks. Keep fruit in a bowl in your kitchen so that you’ll remember to eat it.‎ ‎3. Select whole grains.‎ ‎ Whole grains are good sources of fiber and other nutrients that play a role in regulating blood pressure and heart health. You can increase the amount of whole grains in a heart-healthy diet by substituting refined grain products. __74__.‎ ‎4. Limit unhealthy fats and cholesterol.‎ ‎ Limiting how much saturated（饱和的）fat you eat is an important step to reduce your blood cholesterol and lower your risk of heart attack.. The best way to reduce saturated fats in your diet is to limit the amount of solid fats—butter—you add to food when cooking and serving. When you do use fats, choose monounsaturated（单一不饱和油脂的）fats, such as olive oil, which also are good choices for a heart-healthy diet. But moderation（适度）is of the greatest importance.. __75__. ‎ A. All types of fat are high in calories.‎ B. But it’s often tough to change your eating habits.‎ C. Or be adventuresome and try a new whole grain.‎ D. How much you eat is just as important as what you eat.‎ E. It is easy to make you diet full of vegetables and fruits.‎ A. Most people know that sugar isn’t exactly a health food.‎ B. To reduce your risk of heart disease you need to choose the right types of fat.‎ ‎15 ‎ Madagascar‎ has many wonderful, hidden secrets._ 71__ Also, this island was a favorite base for sea pirates（海盗）to stop at. Moreover, most people devoted their lives to managing their graveyards on the island.‎ ‎ __72__ . They sing traditional songs and new songs. They have musical groups that make and distribute CDs and tapes of their music, but the language that is used is Malagasy. They sell their music in different states via the Internet. Meanwhile, they like dance very much and folk stories are passed down from generation to generation.‎ ‎ As for food, people in Madagascar eat different things like rice, vegetables, fruit, and sometimes meat and fish. Their clothing is European styled. They dye their clothes. __73__ . ‎ ‎ Madagascar is not really a country inside Africa; it sits outside of the continent, but it is still considered part of Africa. Madagascar was made by a volcano many years ago. The volcano erupted and its lava（熔岩）formed this island. __74__ . Madagascar, like other islands, has typical island traits. It is also divided into two parts, the east and west coasts.‎ ‎ 14,155,000 people live on this island. __75__. They speak French and Malagasy. Malagasy is the language in their heritage. On this island 75% of the people are farmers. The chief crop is rice. The most important product from Madagascar is cigarettes. They produce 2,700,000,000 cigarettes a year. They also have many natural resources. Coal, tar sands, salt, gold, and fish are all plentiful in Madagascar. ‎ A. They are made up of Indonesians and black Africans.‎ B. They enjoy their life and don’t want to leave their hometown.‎ C. Rainfall is useful all year round, since it is very hot on both coasts.‎ D. They get the dyes from berries, minerals, and other natural resources.‎ E. On the island‎ of ‎Madagascar, people have many of the same cultures as ours.‎ F. First, most plants and animals on this island do not exist in any other country in the world.‎ G. Many years later, people came to live on this island and changed it from an island to a country.‎ ‎16 ‎ In summertime，living should be easy with a chance to cool off in swimming pools, rivers, lakes, or even the ocean. However, without adult supervision (监督),fun-filled water activities can turn deadly(致命的) for kids. Drowning is a silent death.‎ ‎71 They simply slide under the water and are never heard from again.‎ ‎ 72 Most serious water accidents don’t make headlines. The centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports more than 3,000 cases of unintentional drowning in pools occur each year-----an average of ‎9 a day. Most victims are 14 years old and younger. An additional 500 drown in boating-related accidents.‎ ‎ Children should never be left unattended when they swim, even if they are experienced in water. Hotel pools pose a definite danger. Although crowded public pools with lifeguards on duty provide a reasonable level of safety, it’s always wise to know where your children are. 73 It may be difficult to imagine that a swimming pool with less than 30 centimeters of water can be deadly ， but a small child can drown in less than 5 centimeters of water.‎ ‎ When families get together ， everyone may think that someone else is watching the pool.74 you need to appoint at least one adult to supervise. And while adults may ask an older child to look out for the younger ones， an older child is still a child and it is difficult for children to concentrate their attention all the time. An adult should always be given poor duty. And the supervising person should scan the pool every 10 seconds and be within 20 seconds of reaching the pool.‎ ‎ You also need to be smart about where you and your kids swim. Know how deep the water is and avoid isolated( 偏僻的) swimming spots , as you need someone to hear you if you call for help .75 If the water temperature is less than 70 degrees F, it can lead to hypothermia(体温过低的).‎ A. Leave the cold-water swimming to the real polar bears.‎ B. This means that no one is paying enough attention to the pool.‎ C. There are more drowning cases happening each year than you thought.‎ D. Parents often think swimming lessons are the best way to avoid drowning.‎ E. This fact is difficult from the plots in the movies where kids scream for a long time.‎ F. When it comes to all water activities, safety should always be your first consideration.‎ G. The reason is simple ----drowning can occur before a lifeguard recognizes the problem.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎17 ‎ We drive our cars around; we use plastic bags to carry our goods; we throw poisonous chemicals down the drain in the name of cleanliness, and we eat fast food instead of cooking ourselves. 71 It is not only bad for our health , but for the health of the earth.‎ ‎ 72 An average person uses about 130 plastic bags a year. It will take at least one thousand years to decay. The consumption(消耗) of plastic is directly related to the consumption of crude oil (原油). It takes 4.3 billion gallons of crude oil to produce plastic bags each year, not to mention all the other plastic products!‎ ‎ There are a variety of options to reduce the usage of plastic bags. Many of these are already in practice today. One such solution is that consumers should pay for the plastic bags. In Ireland, this is an effective solution and has reduced the use of plastic bags in stores by 93.5%. Another easy solution is to reuse plastic bags. 73 That is because they have little recyclable value and they are designed to be thrown away. There is also the option of using alternatives to plastic bags, such as reusable bags.‎ ‎ The effects of such measures would be incredible. For instance, one ton of recycled plastic can save 665 gallons of oil. It would also save a lot of energy and at least 30 cubic yards of landfill (垃圾填埋场) space. Air pollution would be greatly reduced as well. 74 ‎ ‎ Most businesses come to realize that they will save money by switching from plastic to plastic to recyclable ones. 75 They are usually made of recycled material and are recyclable themselves!‎ A. The pollution is not the only problem.‎ B. The culture of convenience is affecting our life.‎ C. Paper bags are better option for them than plastic bags.‎ D. In addition, many sea creatures would own longer and healthier lives.‎ E. One of the major criminals of environmental destruction is plastic bags.‎ F. Unfortunately, most of the plastic bags are unable to be used many times.‎ G. Plastic bags are incredibly popular with consumers because they are strong. ‎ ‎ 18 ‎ How to perform on stage in a band ‎ Live music is a co-operative affair that requires the musicians to play well with one another. The following tricks are to cover all the bases to ensure a top-quality performance.‎ Visit the bathroom before going on stage.‎ ‎ A performance can easily turn into a painful affair if you neglect (忽视)this step. Check yourself out in the mirror while you are in the bathroom.71 ‎ ‎72 .‎ ‎ The appropriate type of clothing depends on your band and the music that you perform .The visual aspect is an important element for pop and rock bands. You can discuss the issue with the other members of the band. If you are performing in a more formal setting, the band director may ‎ have a particular dress code for the male and female musicians.‎ Practice and know your parts well.‎ ‎ When your performance starts , you should avoid the situation where you stumble(使绊足) your way through a song because you have not properly prepared. This is a sure way to embarrass yourself. 73 ‎ Pay attention to the other musicians in the band.‎ ‎ One problem that electric bands face is that it is sometimes difficult to hear one another on stge. 74 . You can set the stage sound to a volume level that allows you to hear one another. As a member of the band, you should also focus on the other players during the live performance.‎ Put bad feelings or issues on hold until the performance ends.‎ ‎ The members of a band may face a number of personal or professional problems and conflicts between them. 75 . However, a professional band should be able to avoid bringing these issues on stage.‎ A. Make sure to take care of yourself.‎ B. Dress appropriately for the performance.‎ C. Bring a bottle of water and towel on stage.‎ D. Meanwhile, it will also let your band members down.‎ E. This is difficult to avoid when you work and travel together.‎ F. So you will avoid being unpleasantly surprised if photos are being taken.‎ G. Ideally, stage monitors can correct the problem, but this doesn’t always work , either.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎19 ‎ With today’s fast-paced life style, many people are dealing with more stress than ever. Growing data indicates that a good laugh may be the best way to battle stress. 71 If you just want to stay at home, you can check out the free comedy online.‎ ‎ Laughter’s benefit on your health is no joke. And it provides both long-term and short-term benefits. When you laugh , it doesn’t just lighten your load mentally.72 Laughter enhances (增加)your intake oxygen-rich air, and stimulates your heart , lungs and muscles. A good laugh cools down your stress response and increases your heart rate and blood pressure. A good, relaxed feeling and lower stress rates are the results.‎ ‎ Long term benefits include an improved immune(免疫的) system. Negative thoughts can affect your body by bringing more stress into your system and reducing your immunity. 73 Research increasingly shows that laughter may ease pain by causing the body to produce its own natural painkillers.‎ ‎ 74 One study of nurses who work in emergency rooms found that nurses who use humor in dealing with their patients experience greater job satisfaction. They also experienced feelings of personal accomplishment more than those who do not laugh.‎ ‎ Laughter is good for you, and it is a lot of fun too. 75 ‎ A. Movies offer just this kind of content.‎ B. Actually, it also causes physical changes in your body.‎ C. Laughter can also help make difficult situations a little bit easier.‎ D. In contrast, positive ones help people fight stress and serious illness.‎ E. To reduce stress, you should have balanced meals, get enough sleep and exercise.‎ F. Therefore, don’t hesitate and go to watch some comedies to enjoy the positive efforts of humor on your body and mind. ‎ G. Therefore, don’t hesitate and go to watch some comedies to enjoy the positive effects of humor on your body and mind.‎ ‎20 ‎ Book lovers know that it can be really difficult to say goodbye to books. 71 They are not only on our bookshelves but also lying on tables, on top of bookshelves or even in cupboards or under the bed. It can be difficult to keep them all in good condition, not to mention having at least a complete mental idea of the books we have at home. But you can deal with your old books properly.‎ ‎ As a first step you are advised to give a thorough look at all your books and evaluate their condition. 72 They can’t be read any longer and they can also damage you other books. On the other hand, if some of your old books have scratches on the cover or some pages unglued, fix them as well as you can and put them in a separate place.‎ ‎ Then you should write a list of organizations that may be interested in your books. 73 Then you can tell the different organizations exactly what you have to offer .You can also take your old books to community and senior centers .Your offer will probably be very much welcome and enjoyed and you may even help them create their own library. ‎ ‎ 74 You can log into a website, register the book and let it find new readers. You will be asked to print out a label that you will have to stick inside the book. Then you just leave it on the train, in a coffee bar or wherever you want.‎ Organizing a book party is also a fun idea you can put into practice with old books. Just ask your friends and workmates to bring old books that are in good condition. 75 If by the end of the party there are still some books left, you can put them in a box and offer them to charity.‎ A. A great idea with old books is to set them free.‎ B. It is possible to be part of our life for several years.‎ C. As a result, we end up having more and more books.‎ D. It is a good idea to arrange them according to the topic they are about.‎ E. Put them all nicely on a table and let your guests pick the books they are interested in.‎ F. You will be able to know how far it has traveled and how many people have touched them.‎ G. If you discover some books are damaged by water, you should deal with them immediately.‎ ‎ 21 ‎ Do you drink milk? If you do, take a moment to think about the true oddness of being able to drink milk after you are a baby.‎ The long lists of good allergies some people claim to have can make it seem as if they are just finicky (挑剔的) eaters trying to make likes and dislikes reasonable. Not so. 71 But those allergic reactions are relatively rare, affecting about 4% of adults.‎ Milk’s different. There are people who have true milk allergies that can cause deadly reactions. But most people who have bad reactions to milk aren’t actually allergic to it. 72 ‎ Instead, whether people can digest milk due to lactase (乳酶糖)，which can digest the main sugar--- lactose（乳糖）----found in milk. 73 If you’re American or European, it’s hard to realize this , but being able to digest milk as an adult is not normal.‎ Less than 40% of people in the world keep the ability to digest lactose after childhood. The numbers are often given as close to 0% of Native Americans, 5% of Asians, 25% of Africans, 50% of Mediterranean people and 90% of northern Europeans. 74 Being able to digest milk is so strange that scientists say we shouldn’t call people’s not being able to digest milk a disease. Instead, what’s really unusual is the ability to continue to drink milk.‎ ‎75 ‎‎ A‎ long-held theory was that a genetic mutation(变异) showed up first in Northern Europe ,where people got less vitamin D from the sun and therefore did better if they could also get a special vitamin from milk. But now a group has shown that the mutation actually appeared about ‎ ‎7,500 years ago in farmers who raised milk cows in a region between the central Balkans and central Europe.‎ A. No adult animal except humans can digest milk.‎ B. It’s not their immune system that’s responding to the milk.‎ C. These people should not drink milk, eat ice cream, or have cheese.‎ D. Sweden has one of the world’s highest percentages of people who can digest lactose.‎ E. However, lactase stops being produced when the person is between two and five years old.‎ F.There has been a lot of research trying to find why some people stay milk drinkers into adulthood.‎ G. Eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, and fish all can damage the immune system of allergic individuals, even causing a deadly reaction.‎ ‎ 22 ‎ Tyres play an important role in the way cars run and stop. As such, keeping your tyres in good condition is vital to your safety. 71 ‎ ‎ When tyres are under inflated (充气不足的) , they increase the rolling resistance of a car. 72 And this means higher fuel bills. Paying more at the petrol station isn’t the only downside of tyres that aren’t properly inflated. The increased stress created between the road surface and an under inflated tyre causes it to wear faster. Worn tyres are not only expensive to replace, but they also affect the handling and breaking ability of a car and threaten people’s safety.‎ ‎ Over-inflation is not a good choice, either.73 By inflating a tyre above its recommended pressure, you decrease this contact area , thereby reducing the amount of traction(牵引力) the car has. Wear along the centre of a tyre indicates long-time over-inflation.‎ ‎ As the pressure of tyres is such an important consideration, you should check it regularly ---tyre specialists recommend at least once a month. There doesn’t have to be anything wrong with tyres for them to lose a little pressure. 74 When checking the pressure, do it when the tyres are cold. Checking the pressure on tyres that are warm (i.e. immediately after the car has been driven for any length of time) will give a false reading, as air expands when heated.‎ ‎ 75 Most commonly---driving at a great speed and emergency braking. Driving over holes or hitting something with your tyres can cause damage to the tyre structure. Inspect your tyres regularly for cuts, as they can lead to tyre failure.‎ A. Certain other factors affect tyre wear.‎ B. Air will naturally escape out over a period of time. ‎ C. keeping tyres in top condition won’t cost too much money.‎ D. The area of contact between a tyre and the road is about the size of a man’s hand.‎ E. You should keep the car’s handbook in the car as you may need to ready it at any time.‎ F. In this situation, the engine has to work harder and use more fuel to push the car along.‎ G. The information below will help you look after your tyres so that they stay safer longer.‎ ‎ 23‎ Paula Tippet knows that a good social life adds to personal pleasure and achievement. 71 Invitations became fewer and no one called her any more.‎ ‎ 72 And she found it soon, sooner than she found why her performance at work was not as wonderful as before. She was letting her standards drop. Her apartment was not as tidy as it once as, so she was unwilling to invite friends to her home. Because her standard of dress had fallen, she had stopped going out after work for a drink with friends. She started to feel depressed.‎ Getting rid of depression is not easy. “You have to do something,” her doctor said plainly. “You are the only one who can actually find what is depressing you.” So Paula looked around her apartment. She examined herself in the mirror and saw the cause of her mental state. 73 .‎ She started from cleaning her bedroom. It took less time than she thought, and lifted her spirits ‎ enough to make her move onto her kitchen the next day. 74 The bathroom even felt easy when the following weekend came around. She decided to maintain the level of freshness by regular attention. It was pleasant to come home again.‎ ‎ 75 Without wanting to spring a totally new look on her colleagues, she got herself a neat hair style, and treated herself to a long soak in her newly clean bath tub, and decided to buy some new shirts. That week, her sales figures reached a very high level.‎ A. She guessed the reason B. She was in a mess.‎ C. Next came her personal appearance.‎ D. However, she was gradually starting to feel isolated.‎ E. Therefore, the first is personal and the other is social.‎ F. If your personal appearance is pleasant, people enjoy having you around.‎ G. Luckily, the weekend was bright and sunny, so she cleaned the yard in the warm sun. ‎ ‎ 24. Five ways to increase your patience ‎ Patience is a virtue(美德；优点) that is well learned. By having patience, you can be a peaceful and calm person. Five ways can increase your levels of patience.‎ ‎·Accept that everyone is different.‎ ‎ Do you accept yourself as you are? Do you accept others for the differences that they possess? Sometimes it is hard to realize that the differences in other people are what make them special. 71._________ .Wondering why you can’t catch up with others is meaningless.‎ ‎· 72_______.‎ ‎ Are there times when others’ lack of skills annoys you and frustrate you? There might be times when you are certain you could have done a better job than others. Don’t let these negative feelings build up inside of（在 …之内） you. Perhaps you can teach others what you know. When you help others, everyone involved benefits in the long run. It just takes a little patience to help others with these little tasks.‎ ‎·Act instead of reacting.‎ ‎ When lack of patience begins to make you frustrated, there is something you can do about the situation. 73_______. There are always some steps that you can take instead of being frustrated. You may be able to do something about the situation. Perhaps you can even take the time to just relax and enjoy life.‎ ‎·Slowly count to ten.‎ ‎ There may be times when you feel like you are just at the end of your rope. It can be easy to lose your patience during these stressful times. If you fear that your reaction may be inappropriate because of your lack of patience, you might want to try the“count to ten”rule. In these moments, stop and slowly count to ten.74______.‎ ‎·Look at things from a different perspective.‎ ‎ 75________.If you do so, you’ll often be able to offer compassion instead of frustration. You may even be able to find a solution you hadn’t seen before. You can broaden your horizons and gain more patience and wisdom by expanding your thinking in this way.‎ A. Share your skills.‎ B. Develop some hobbies.‎ C. Therefore, you needn’t compare yourself to others.‎ D. Patience is very important when you work in a team.‎ E. By keeping yourself busy, there will be no time left to be frustrated.‎ F. When facing a situation, everybody should think from the other person’s point of view.‎ G. This will help you to calm down and give you time to see the situation with clearer eyes.‎ ‎ 25‎ Each day you have the ability to make the choice to take control of your life, or to let it control you. t to accompanal disorders associated with war, such as shell shock ors and it wasn'To take control of your life or exercise（使用；应用） personal leadership is to take responsibility for yourself and for every area of your life. When you do, you become more optimistic, become able to solve problems more easily and ultimately（最后；最终） have less stress in your life.‎ ‎ No doubt, with all these chaos and uncertainty in the world these days it may be difficult to feel like you are in charge of your life. 71_______.Here are some ways in which you can take control of your life.‎ ‎ Determine your values and what’s important to you. 72_____. It could be something like “My purpose is to live life to the fullest by taking care of my health, relationships, finances and overall happiness.” When you state your objectives（目标；目的） so clearly, you can’t help but be focused and take the right actions towards it.‎ ‎ Plan, be organized and set goals. Think of the big picture of what you want in your life and then break it down to manageable（易处理的） parts. For everything that you want to accomplish, you need a strategy or action plan. One way is to set goals appropriate in your current situation. Nothing happens by itself. Rather than daydreaming （空想）about what you want, you set the wheels in motion （开展；实施）for success. 73_____.‎ ‎ Maintain a positive attitude. Sometimes one of the hardest things to do is remain positive when your best efforts don’t go according to your plan. 74______.The quality that separates those who succeed and those that do not is a positive attitude and an unshakable belief in themselves. They do not let negative thoughts or obstacles get in the way of ultimate achievement. Of course, that does not mean that it is easy; it means that persistence and focus are necessary.‎ ‎ 75______. While taking control of your life involves（需要） a lot of planning, strategy and executing（执行）, it could weigh you down if you forget to have a rest from time to time. Living a full, productive life requires maintaining balance between work, relaxation and reaction. Too much work makes Jack a dull person.‎ A. Take time to have fun.‎ B. Make good friends who can support you.‎ C. There are always obstacles and roadblocks that get in the way.‎ D. There is a famous quote that states, “If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.”‎ E. This also helps keep you from being aimless and helps you avoid making mistakes.‎ F. However, while there are some things you have no control over, there is much that you do.‎ G. Knowing what your values are gives you purpose, which in turn directs you on how to focus your time and efforts.‎ ‎ 26.‎ Some destructive effects of war have been known to people for a long time.71_______.Yet until the 20th century little was known about the emotional effects of war on soldiers and it wasn’t until soldiers were studied psychologically that we began to understand what had happened to them.‎ ‎ You may have heard of psychological disorders associated with war, such as shell shock or“Combat Stress Reaction”.72________ It was due to soldiers of the Vietnam War that PTSD was discovered. However, these soldiers’ symptoms had been the same with war veterans( 老兵) living hundreds of years before.‎ ‎ 73________ With PTSD in soldiers, the sufferers will often recall and re-experience the specific trauma of war, perhaps when they think or close their eyes. Some soldiers even feel as if they were back in the war environment during sleep. They will also react strongly to anything they associated with it. This often means a distinct unwillingness to attend social events.‎ ‎ Some experts say that their inability to form close bonds with loved ones is due to the experience of near death and the fear that they will leave someone behind. 74______ Veterans of war who ‎ experience PTSD without proper care often do not marry or have children.‎ ‎ War can be and has been proven to be a deeply sorrowful experience for many soldiers. It seems that nothing can prepare them for warfare. They may be forced to see close friends die and narrowly escape from death themselves. Some veterans of past wars have recovered with the right care. But what we need to ask ourselves is how we can protect them from mental trauma before they are even sent to fight. _______.‎ A. The actual emotional effects of war on soldiers can be violent.‎ B. We have seen deaths and soldiers who have various physical injuries that last a lifetime.‎ C. They are eager to go back to meet their families so they try their best to kill their enemies.‎ D. There are few organizations that provide service to help veterans of wars and their families for free. ‎ E. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD is another one that is mentioned by doctors on a regular basis.‎ F. That is opposed to what we are doing now---treating their symptoms once the deep psychological damage has already been done.‎ G. The emotional effects of war on soldiers very often keep them from achieving anything, too, as they find it impossible to imagine or plan.‎ ‎ 27‎ ‎ When you think of robots, you might think of a machine designed to perform boring tasks. 71_______ Robots shaped like snakes could search for victims after an earthquake or help doctors perform surgery one day. Underwater robots might be able to lead fish away from environmental disasters. And humanlike robots could help people with diseases or physical disabilities.‎ ‎ Howie Choset is a roboticist, a person who designs, builds or programs robots. When he was interested in anything that moved--- cars, trains, animals, etc. He put motors on toy cars to make them move. 72________ Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college.‎ ‎ When he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology, Choset found people there were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. 73_______ But robotic snakes can move in many directions and travel over different terrain (地形)。‎ ‎ After he started to work, Choset and his colleagues began developing their own snake robots. A typical snake robot consists of some mental containers linked together, each with a motor and several electronic parts inside. Choset’s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes. What’s more, their designs don’t simply copy snakes’ movements. 74_______ Choset’s snake robots could crawl through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a stick.‎ ‎ 75________ “Snakes can go where we can’t,” says Choset. Because of this characteristic, robot snakes might be able to help find people trapped in clapped buildings after earthquakes. It’s dangerous and difficult for rescue workers to search those buildings. But with a camera- equipped snake robot, rescue workers could find and save lives.‎ A. Some engineers like too make robots that look like humans.‎ B. Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine.‎ C. Most robots can move only forward, backward, left and right.‎ D. Later in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.‎ E. The robots have a special feature: They could work in tight spaces.‎ F. But nowadays engineers are making robots that can do much more interesting jobs.‎ G. Choset ’s robots can also move in ways that snakes usually don’t, such as rolling.‎ ‎ 28‎ ‎ Hollywood movies are regularly filled with sex and violence. They can be exciting films but sometimes all you want is a little light-hearted entertainment.‎ ‎ Have you heard of Bollywood? All singing, all dancing and unrealistic, it is the perfect alternative to normal Hollywood movies. Bollywood is the Indian film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay. 71 .Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world. This year the Indian Filmgare Awards, Bollywood's Oscars, turn 50 years old.‎ ‎ The typical Bollywood movie usually has the following ingredients (组成部分): a cup of romance, a tea-spoon of comedy, a dash of international sight-seeing, served with a huge slice of singing and dancing. There will also be one brave hero, one beautiful heroine and one baddie（坏人；恶人）. 72 ‎ Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries. 73 The actors change clothes and locations within a single song. But the audience don't mind. To Indian movie lovers, especially the poor, such films are a gateway to heaven and the stars are their gods. The films take them to a magical world away from their everyday troubles. The films tell them the impossible is possible and that true love conquers all.‎ ‎ 74 Behind the beautiful scenes, Bollywood still emphasizes traditional family values. In most films, if two lovers want to break an arranged marriage, they can't just run away. They must win over their parents.‎ ‎ Bollywood is a decent （相当好的）refreshing（新颖的） replacement for those over-stimulating Hollywood films. 75 They will take you to a brighter, cheerier and more colorful world, where it's still cool to dance around a tree and sing a love song.‎ A．Bollywood has gradually won its reputation on the world stage.‎ B．There is never any mention of politics, poverty or war.‎ C．Most Chinese school kids have probably never seen an Indian film.‎ D．Bollywood films are mostly comic romances with light-hearted incidental music.‎ E. Bollywood pays great attention to traditional values. ‎ F．The result is a fun-filled musical.‎ G．So if you're tired of all that Hollywood actions, check out the following Bollywood films.‎ ‎ 29‎ The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before.‎ But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line. 71 Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.‎ For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face?” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. 72 ‎ If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct (本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so. 73 If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.‎ ‎74 Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it’s a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else. 75 At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended.‎ It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions.‎ A. It’s natural that there some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online.‎ B. Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.‎ C. Everyone was new to the network once.‎ D. The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated.‎ E. When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.‎ F. You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.‎ G. If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.‎ ‎ 30‎ ‎ Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness? 71 The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.‎ ‎※ Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.‎ ‎※Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. 72 ‎ ‎※When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity. Truly happy people don’t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor.‎ ‎※ 73 These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.‎ ‎※ 74 Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance, you will be subconsciously (下意识地) putting yourself in a better mood.‎ ‎※Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a way to make light of（对… …不在乎；轻视） a situation that would otherwise make you happy.‎ ‎※Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 75 ‎ A．What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy.‎ B．On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious.‎ C．Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood．‎ D．These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves.‎ E．Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.‎ F．There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.‎ G．It’s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.‎ ‎6年高考真题回放答案 ‎1.（2007宁夏高考） E D A FG 2.（2008宁夏）G. E F A D ‎3.（2009年宁夏，海南卷）G B E A C 4. (2010年宁夏、海南卷) DCAFE ‎5. (2011年全国新课标卷) GFDAC 6.（2011年北京）DEAFG ‎ ‎7.（2011年辽宁卷） FAEGC 8.(2012年全国I卷) CFAED ‎ ‎9.（2012，北京卷）BDGFC 10.（2012年辽宁卷）E C B G D 实战演练答案 ‎1. CFBDG 2. GCDAB 3. FADGE 4. ABDFC 5.CEGFB 6.ADBEG 7. FBCDG 8.EAFCB 9.DGFCB 10.GFEBA 11.ABDFG 12.ACBDE 13. GFBED 14.BDECA 15.FEDGA 16. ECGBA 17.BEFDC 18.FBDGE 19. FBDCG 20.CGDAE 21. GBEDF 22. GFDBA 23. DABGC 24. CAEGF 25.FGDCA 26. BEAGF 27. FDCGE 28. CFBEG 29.DBFCG 30. DBEGC