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Unit 5 The power of nature
阅读提速练
阅读理解
A
(2017·浙江卷10月)There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting(提炼) aluminum.
Long before most of us even noticed what we now call “the environment，” Buckminster Fuller said, “Pollution is nothing but the resources we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.” To take one example, let’s compare the throwaway economy with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.
Say your cat weight 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weighs 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5，475 cans over the cat’s 15year lifetime. That’s 219kg of steel—more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat’s weight.
In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, we’d have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime—and we’ll still have 100 left over for the next cat.
Instead of using up 219kg of steel, we’ve used only 6kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, we’ve also achieved the following significant savings: in energy use—47% to 74%; in air pollution—85%; in water pollution—35%; in water use—40%.
【解题导语】 本文首段点明主旨：回收利用可大大节约资源，并引用伟大建筑师富勒的话和养猫喂食的例子肯定循环经济的价值所在。
1．What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?
A．It is becoming more serious.
B．It destroys the environment.
C．It benefits the economy.
D．It is the resources yet to be used.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的Buckminster Fuller的话：“Pollution is nothing but the resources we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.”可知，他认为污染只不过是我们没有收获的资源。由于我们对它们的价值一无所知，因此让它们白白浪费。故选D。
2．How many cans will be used up in a cat’s 15year lifetime in a recycling economy?
A．50. B．100.
C．150. D．250.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“But in all, only 150 cans will be used up
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over the cat’s lifetime”可以推断出，循环经济下，要养活一只存活15年的猫需要用掉150个罐。故选C。
3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To promote the idea of recycling.
B．To introduce an environmentalist.
C．To discuss the causes of pollution.
D．To defend the throwaway economy.
A 解析：写作目的题。文章通过养猫喂食的例子，用数字对比了循环经济和一次性经济消耗资源的不同结果，目的是推广回收利用的理念。故选A。
B
The world record holder for the number of university degrees is a 70yearold Italian.
Mr.Luciano Baietti lives in the town of Velletri near Rome and spends his days walking around his small house and garden.But every morning as early as 3 o’clock，he pulls out his textbooks and starts studying.
He now holds 15 bachelors or master’s degrees from universities across Italy，and is already attempting his 16th.
“Thanks to books，I feel free，”he tells the BBC journalists.“After all，the words share the same root，”he says，referring to the Italian words libro(book)and libero(free)．The certificates proving his talent hang on the walls of his study，showing people that he was writing new pages in the Guinness Book of Records.In 2002 he got his eighth degree in motor skills.And before that he already had degrees in sociology，literature，law，political science and philosophy，most from Rome’s famous La Sapienza University, one of the oldest in the world.
Since then，he has added seven other degrees to his list，including one in criminology(犯罪学)，one in military strategies and the latest one in tourism in February 2017.All of these three were from online universities.
“Each time I set myself a new challenge to see how far my body and my brain can go，”says Mr.Baietti.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。来自意大利的70岁的Luciano Baietti先生是已获得大学学位总数最多的世界纪录保持者。
4．What can we know about Mr.Baietti from the passage?
A．He has a wide range of learning.
B．He is the oldest world record holder.
C．He has got crazy about getting degrees.
D．He got all his degrees by going to school.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三至五段可以推断Luciano Baietti先生的学习范围非常广泛。a wide range of意思是“广泛的，多种多样的”，所以选项A正确。
5．Why has Mr.Baietti tried to get so many degrees?
A．To show his talent.
B．To challenge himself.
C．To become popular.
D．To break the world record.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Each time I set myself a new challenge
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to see how far my body and my brain can go”可知选项B正确。
6．Where does this passage most probably come from?
A．A newspaper. B．A biography.
C．A travel magazine. D．A story book.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据全文尤其是第四段Luciano Baietti先生接受BBC采访的信息可以推断本文应该是一篇新闻报道。所以选项A正确。
C
Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don’t even notice that they’re doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won’t feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawnout increases in blood pressure can cause longterm health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don’t keep your legs crossed.
“Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg，” explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins__and__needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。
7．What can we learn about crossing one’s legs?
A．It is a very bad social habit.
B．It is usually practiced deliberately.
C．It can do harm to people’s health.
D．It can make others feel uncomfortable.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。
8．According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can________．
A．affect your blood pressure
B．resist gravity effectively
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C．lead to heart attacks easily
D．improve the function of legs
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，研究表明，跷二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。
9．In the third paragraph “pins and needles” probably means “________”．
A．slightly sharp pains B．being a little tired
C．serious muscle injuries D．being highly flexible
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。
10．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To compare common habits.
B．To give readers some advice.
C．To evaluate the effects of an experiment.
D．To introduce research methods.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。
七选五
Coming facetoface with your inadequacies(缺点) can be painful, to say the least. 1.________ It even makes you question yourself. Your kneejerk reaction may be to get defensive or even dismiss the critique entirely. But handling negative feedback with grace will not only make you look gracious, but it could ultimately help you grow as a person. Here’s how to do it.
•Be objective about the criticism
Before you jump to conclusions and begin to challenge the other person’s opinion, take a step back and look at it objectively.
Next time you get a bad review, don’t immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you, but rather, take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate. 2.________
•Avoid unnecessary conflict
If you decide that the point is valid, it may be hard to take. In your discomfort, you may feel the urge to criticize the other person angrily and defend yourself. 3.________
•Be open to the idea of change
4．________ And it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance” that can prevent us from changing even when that’s what we need most.
•Ask questions
If you’re open to using the criticism as a springboard to improvement, you will likely need more information. 5.________ Your emotions will be running high, and you may not be particularly receptive to extra information. However, when you feel
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ready, it could be worth revisiting the subject with the person who criticized you. Even if you don’t agree with their advice, thank them and promise to consider it.
A．Most of us are pretty stubborn.
B．There is no doubt that change is necessary.
C．But it’s best to avoid getting into an argument.
D．Being sensitive to criticism leads you nowhere.
E．It challenges the way you believe people see you.
F．Give yourself a chance to really take in the information and evaluate it.
G．The initial moment you hear it may not be the best time to ask for more details.
【解题导语】 听到别人对你的批评也许会很痛苦，但是如果优雅地处理这些问题，自己将变得更好。
1．E 解析：根据空后一句话可知，空处与下一句是递进关系，E项“这会挑战你认为别人看待你的方式”，所以E项符合语境。
2．F 解析：根据空前的“don’t immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you, but rather, take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate”可知，空处应讲给自己一个机会真正吸收这些信息并对其进行评估。故F项符合语境。
3．C 解析：根据该段小标题“Avoid unnecessary conflict”可知，C项“但是最好避免陷入争吵”符合语境。
4．A 解析：根据空后的“And it may be because of a concept called ‘cognitive dissonance’ that can prevent us from changing even when that’s what we need most.”及本段小标题可知，A项“我们大部分人都很倔强”符合语境。
5．G 解析：根据空后的“Your emotions will be running high, and you may not be particularly receptive to extra information.”并结合上文可知，空处应讲最开始听到批评时不适合问更多的细节，故G项符合语境。
语言运用与写作规范练
完形填空
One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future.In our__1__ we can see what has not yet happened.For example，while we are looking forward to __2__ a new place or country，we __3__ what it will be like.We predict the __4__ people will eat，dress and act.Of course，we do not always predict things__5__．Things are often very different from the way we __6__ them to be.
One of the __7__ dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist，Kekule，who had been__8__ to work out a very difficult problem in physics.He had__9__and analyzed the problem from every angle for days，but there__10__ to be no way of __11__ out the answer.Then one night he went to bed and dreamed.When he__12__ up，he realized that he knew the answer.He had solved the problem in his__13__.
It is said that in order to figure out the process，the hypnotist(催眠师) sat in the chair opposite him and spoke__14__ ：“I want you to concentrate on my voice.Think about__15__．You know nothing but my voice.And as you pay attention to my voice，your__16__ will get heavier.Soon you’ll be asleep.
You will hear my voice and__17__ my words，but your body will be asleep，your
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eyes are too heavy.You are__18__ asleep，and when you wake up you will__19__ nothing.
You will forget everything.Now I am going to__20__slowly from one to five.One，two，three，four，five...”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过德国科学家Kekule的故事，说明了人类大脑的神奇能力。
1．A.brains B．senses
C．minds D．sights
C 解析：根据前一句“One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future.”可知，人类思维最显著的特点之一就是有想象未来的能力；据此可知，空处指“思维”，故C项正确。
2．A.visiting B．seeking
C．reaching D．discovering
A 解析：根据该句中的“a new place or country”可以判断，当我们期望去参观(visiting)某个新地方或新国家时，我们总是想象(imagine)那里会是什么样子。
3．A.imagine B．know
C．feel D．guess
A 解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.custom B．habit
C．style D．way
D 解析：根据该段最后一句中的“the way”，并结合该句“We predict the ______people will eat，dress and act.”可知，我们总会预测(这个地方的)人们的饮食、衣着和行为方式。D项意为“方式”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“风俗”；B项意为“习惯”；C项意为“风格”。
5．A.quickly B．simply
C．correctly D．neatly
C 解析：根据空处后一句“Things are often very different from the way we______them to be.”可知，事物总是不同于我们预料的那样；据此可以判断，我们不是总能正确地(correctly)预测事物。
6．A.required B．wished
C．left D．expected
D 解析：参见上题解析。expect“预料，预期”。
7．A.funny B．dull
C．famous D．silly
C 解析：根据该句中的“dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist，Kekule”及下文可知，该处陈述的是历史上著名的梦之一是德国科学家Kekule的梦。C项意为“著名的”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“有趣的”；B项意为“无趣的”； D项意为“愚蠢的”。
8．A.managing B．trying
C．thinking D．hoping
B 解析：根据该句中的“Kekule，who had been______to work out a very difficult problem in physics”及下文可知，Kekule一直在努力解一道物理难题；try to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，符合语境，故B项正确。manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”强调结果，与语境不符。
9．A.studied B．learned
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C．discussed D．searched
A 解析：根据该句中的“He had______and analyzed the problem from every angle for days”可知，他从多个角度研究(studied)和分析了这个难题。
10．A.used B．ought
C．seemed D．had
C 解析：根据该句中的“but there______to be no way of______out the answer”可知，似乎没有办法弄清答案。seem意为“似乎，好像”符合语境，故C项正确。
11．A.bringing B．finding
C．turning D．letting
B 解析：参见上题解析。find out“弄清，查明”；bring out“使表现出”；turn out“结果是，证明是”；let out“发出”。
12．A.gave B．sat
C．woke D．got
C 解析：根据前一句“Then one night he went to bed and dreamed.”可知，空处表示他醒来时意识到自己知道了答案。wake up 为固定短语，意为“醒”，故C项正确。
13．A.dream B．lesson
C．research D．exercise
A 解析：根据上文中的“he went to bed and dreamed.When he______up，he realized that he knew the answer.”可知，他在梦(dream)中解决了这个难题。
14．A.softly B．loudly
C．slowly D．firmly
A 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知催眠师应是柔和地(softly)说着话。
15．A.everything B．something
C．nothing D．anything
C 解析：根据空前一句“I want you to concentrate on my voice.”及下文中的“You know nothing but my voice.”可知，空处应指什么都不要想。C项符合语境，故C项正确。
16．A.eyes B．feet
C．head D．body
A 解析：根据常识可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼睛会变得沉重。故选A项。
17．A.believe B．repeat
C．take D．understand
D 解析：根据该句中的“You will hear my voice and______my words”可知，此处指听到声音并理解听到的话。understand“理解，明白”，符合语境。
18．A.really B．extremely
C．actually D．almost
D 解析：根据空处前一句可知，此处指你几乎(almost)要睡着了。
19．A.accept B．remember
C．hear D．receive
B 解析：根据下文中的“You will forget everything.”可知，空处指你将什么都不记得。B项符合语境，故B项正确。
20．A.count B．say
C．add D．speak
A 解析：根据文中的“Now I am going to______slowly from one to five.One，two，three，four，five...”可知，此处表示数数；A项意为“(按顺序)数数”，符合语境，
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故A项正确。
语法填空
The MidAutumn Festival in China has nothing, or at least very little, to do 1.____________autumn. It’s about time off work, and the gift that few seem to eat but people keep giving to one another: mooncakes.
I 2.____________(learn) about mooncakes when I moved to China’s capital city, Beijing. When the MidAutumn Festival came around, the city was 3.____________(live) especially with shopping for mooncakes. Every grocery store seemed to have lines of people 4.____________(carry) that single item(商品) to the counter. I asked my Chinese friends about mooncakes, and 5.____________ majority of them said that few people actually ate them. Instead，6.____________(regard) as gifts, they’re chosen for family, friends or coworkers.
When years later I moved back to New York City, I didn’t expect to find any public 7.____________(celebrate) of the MidAutumn Festival. But I’ve been surprised at the ways the festival continues in at least the city’s 8.____________(heavy) Chinese neighborhoods. For weeks before the MidAutumn Festival, Brooklyn’s Chinatown，9.____________ I live, looks a little like Beijing with people running in and out of Chinese bakeries, or standing in line at Chinese grocery stores to buy mooncakes.
It looks like Chinese culture can 10.____________(preserve) while adapting to changing circumstances.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在北京居住时，发现中秋节前，尽管很少吃月饼，但人们仍喜欢买月饼送人。回到纽约后，作者发现纽约的中国人也这样做。作者由此发出感慨：似乎中国文化在适应变化中的环境时能被保存下来。
1．with 解析：考查介词。中国的中秋节和秋天没有或者说几乎没有一点关系。它是关于休息和似乎很少人吃但是人们仍然互相赠送的礼物“月饼”的。 have nothing/something to do with...“和……无关/有关”，是固定搭配。
2．learned/learnt 解析：考查动词的时态。当我搬到中国的首都北京时，我了解了关于月饼的一些情况。主从句的动作几乎是同时发生的，从句用了一般过去时，故主句也用一般过去时。
3．lively 解析：考查形容词。空处作表语，且意为“气氛热闹的，熙熙攘攘的”，故用形容词 lively。
4．carrying 解析：考查非谓语动词。每个杂货店似乎都排着队伍，队伍中满是拿着月饼向柜台走去的人。分析句子结构可知，people 后是非谓语动词作定语，people 与 carry 之间是主谓关系，且此处表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词作定语。
5．the 解析：考查冠词。the majority of 是固定搭配，意为“……中的大多数”，故填the。
6．regarded 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，__________ as gifts 作状语，根据固定搭配 be regarded as “被视为……”和 they(指代 mooncakes) 与 regard 之间的动宾关系可知，此处应该用过去分词作状语。
7．celebration(s) 解析：考查名词。根据空前的any public 和空后的 of 可知，空处应该填名词 celebration(s)“庆祝活动”。
8．heavily 解析：考查副词。此处表示“至少在这个城市有大量中国人的社区”。空处修饰形容词Chinese，且表示“大量地，在很大程度上”，故用副词 heavily。
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9．where 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Brooklyn’s Chinatown，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where。
10．be preserved 解析：考查动词的语态。似乎中国文化在适应变化中的环境时能被保存下来。 preserve “保存，保留”，是及物动词，故此处用被动语态。
应用文写作
假定你是李华，近日你在全国中学生英语演讲比赛中获一等奖。请根据所给提示给你校的外教戴维写一封信，要点如下：
1．告诉他你获奖的消息；
2．回顾他对你的影响和帮助；
3．表示感谢。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear David，
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All the best!
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__David，
I am writing to tell you my good news—I’ve won first prize in the National High School English Speaking Contest.I am so thankful for your help.
Since you taught us, I have become interested in learning English.I spent most of my spare time reading English novels and listening to English programmes as you suggested.My English reading and listening skills as well as my confidence gradually improved.When I signed up for the contest, you encouraged me and helped me prepare for it even at the weekend.That is why I stood out among the others.Thank you for your encouragement and efforts again.
All__the__best!
Li__Hua
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
In the past 24 hours, I have been gifted with two amazing opportunities for kindness. The first happened yesterday. I was on my way home after running some errands(差事) and saw a small dog running across the last three lanes of the very busy street I was traveling on.
He jumped off into the neighborhood, so I went off in search of him in hopes I could reunite him with his owners. After a bit of a cat and mouse game, he finally decided I was worthy of his trust and came close enough for me to grab him.
Later, I learned that he had disappeared eight months ago from his owners who lived a half an hour away. As I had some free time before my other commitments, I drove him back to his rightful owners. He and his human mommy were so glad to see one another! It gave me a good smile to end the year with.
This morning my family and I went to a friend’s home to help her get things
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back in order. She was one of the unfortunate people whose home was recently destroyed by the Rowlett, TX tornado. She was luckier than some of her neighbors, thankfully. Her interior walls were largely intact(原封不动的), though one side of her home fell off and the roof was gone over a large part of the house. Her kitchen__items were totally at a mess. Her garage door was badly damaged.
Heavy rain fell the rest of the night and all of the next day following the tornado, creating even more damage to the interior and to her belongings. The home is a total loss. Still, there is much that is salvageable(能挽救的), and our job today was to help her restore__order and find anything with actual value that she may want to take with her.
My husband helped to move furniture and other things while our younger children helped clean up the yard. My oldest daughter and her boyfriend helped as well, helping with the moving, and my daughter joined me, sweeping up all of the areas, sorting it out for things that are important, and getting the rest into big trash bags and then to the trash pile out front.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
We worked systematically, clearing the main living spaces first.Then we moved on to the kitchen, later the bedroom. ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
She posted on Facebook just a little while ago. __________________________________
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One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
We worked systematically, clearing the main living spaces first. Then we moved on to the kitchen, later the bedroom. By the time we were done today, though there was no denying the home had met with disaster, we had gone far to restore__order from the chaos and finally sort__out important things. My thought was that our friend, who had been having trouble sleeping, was being affected by that chaos negatively. I hoped that if we could restore order, she would finally start to feel some sense of peace and her mind would be quiet and allow her the muchneeded rest she so deserves.
Paragraph 2：
She posted on Facebook just a little while ago. For the first time, she overcame her trouble in sleeping and slept soundly at night and other friends helped her out. For me, that is the greatest gift I could have given her, as it means that she could sleep well for the first time since the tornado struck, tearing her house apart
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around her while she hid in the bathtub. Thankfully,__she is finally feeling peace and seeing a clear path ahead of her rather than being completely defeated by the tasks at hand. What a wonderful and deeply meaningful way to begin the year! I am hoping such kindness sets the tone for even greater things to come.
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