2015英语高考全国卷中的长难句 4页

精挑细选2015-2017年全国卷中出现的长难句例 准确理解长难句是考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能。遇到长难句，我们先圈出连词，然后分析主句以及分句的句子结构, 先判断句子的主干部分(主谓宾, 或主系表), 而句子的修饰、补充成分, 可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后，再理解修饰、补充成分。‎ 以下是2015-2017年全国卷中出现的长难句，如果这些句子的结构你都能理清，这些句子的意思你都能理解，高考英语阅读理解就不再难了。‎ ‎1.(2017年全国1卷阅读理解A篇)It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.句意：这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。分析：本句为复合句。其中，one指代前面的accomplishment，后面为定语从句，修饰先行词one，且从句使用了cannot和without表示双重否定。‎ ‎2.(2017年全国1卷阅读理解D篇)Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.句意：接着把管子放在恰当的位置，使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。分析：本句为复合句。主句lay the tube in place为祈使句；so that引导目的状语从句，从句是and连接的并列句。 ‎ ‎ 3.(2017年全国1卷阅读七选五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.句意：如果三年前有人告诉我会用大部分的周末时间来野营，我会狂笑不已。分析：本句为主从复合句。if引导的是条件状语从句，因表示对与过去事实相反的假设，所以本句中条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个that引导宾语从句。‎ ‎4.(2017年全国1卷完形填空)Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.句意：我不知道我竟然会爱上美式手语。分析：此句为倒装句，little为否定词，当否定词位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。‎ ‎5.(2017年全国1卷完形填空)What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.句意：我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。分析：此句中what 引导的是主语从句，作句子的主语。此外，I had experienced in the past为定语从句，修饰先行词anything。‎ ‎ 6. (2017年全国1卷完形填空)Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. 句意：相反，如果有任何交谈，那会导致我们学到较少的东西。 分析：本句为复合句。if引导的是虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，所以本句中条件状语从句使用过去完成时there had been；主句使用“would have done”结构。‎ ‎7.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解A篇)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.句意：通过把《爱的徒劳》那丰富、幽默的文本翻译成手语，Deafinitely 剧院创造了一种对莎士比亚喜剧新的解释，通过向失聪人群和听力健全人群演出，旨在在失聪和有声世界之间搭建一座桥梁。分析：在本句中，By translating ... BSL为方式状语，and连接creates和aims两个动词作并列谓语。‎ ‎8.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.（同位语从句、让步状语从句）句意：拍电影和四年后出演The Sting的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管我们存在年龄差距，但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。分析：本句的主干是 The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中，grew out of... later为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词friendship；后面的although there was ... live TV为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。此外，同位语从句中还包含了一个although引导的让步状语从句。 ‎ ‎ 9.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇)We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back 一 he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.（同位语从句、条件状语从句、定语从句）‎ 句意：我们有着这样的信念——如果足够幸运获得成功，就应该有所回馈。他成立了 Newman’s Own食品公司和为病重的孩子成立了Hole in the Wall camps夏令营，而我成立了圣丹斯协会和电影节。分析：本句中，that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容；同位语从句中包含了一个if引导的条件状语从句；破折号后出现了一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词kid。‎ ‎ 10.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C篇)Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet .句意：Terrafugia 说机主需要通过测试并且完成20个小时的飞行时间才能驾驶 Transition，这一要求对于飞行员来说相对容易满足。分析：本句中 a requirement 为同位语，是对前面的内容作补充说明，pilots would find relatively easy to meet是定语从句，省略了充当宾语的关系代词that/which，修饰先行词requirement。‎ ‎11.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇) Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. (宾语从句、非谓语动词、定语从句)句意：早在1983年，杰克·舒尔茨和伊恩·鲍德温两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树释放会一种邻近的植物能够获得的特殊气味。分析：本句中that引导宾语从句，作reported的宾语，从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smell。getting bitten by insects为现在分词作后置定语，修饰maple trees。‎ ‎ 12.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint (暗示）that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.‎ 句意为：如果有人敲门，并且不是什么重要的事情，那就礼貌地谢绝，让别人知道你很忙，这样他们就会得到暗示，当门关着的时候，你不想被打扰。分析：本句为if引导条件状语从句。在主句中，you’re busy是know的宾语从句；so引导结果状语从句，在结果状语从句中包含一个that引导同位语从句，解释说明hint的内容。同时同位语从句又包含了一个when引导时间状语从句，因此句子的主句为you’re not to be disturbed.。‎ ‎ 13.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B篇)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.（定语从句）‎ 句意：布拉德福德把建筑物和土地卖给了一家当地的开发商，这家开发商打算在电影院所在的土地上建一个购物中心。分析：本句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a local development firm；此外，定语从句中又包含一个where引导的定语从句。‎ ‎14.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. (非谓语动词、宾语从句)句意：纽卡斯尔大学的智能运输团队已经把电动汽车转变成名叫“DriveLAB”的移动实验室，目的是了解老年人司机面临的挑战和发现关键的问题所在。‎ ‎15.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.句意：对于很多老年人来说，特别是那些独自居住在乡间的老年人，驾驶对于保持他们（老年人）的独立性是非常重要的，这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。‎ ‎ 16.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D篇)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.‎ 句意：研究表明，放弃驾驶是导致老年人健康状况下降的主要原因之一，导致他们变得更加隔绝和懒散。分析：that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中giving up driving为动名词短语作主语，leading to...作现在分词作状语。‎ ‎ 17.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷完形填空) Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.‎ 句意：Axani 在他的帖中说：他并不是寻求任何回报，使用这张多余机票的女士可以选择与他一起旅行，或者拿走机票自己旅行。分析：本句中，that…and that…是并列的两个宾语从句，作wrote的宾语， who uses the extra ticket为定语从句，修饰先行词the woman。‎ ‎18.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解B篇) His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.分析：本句为复合句；that引导的是宾语从句，作meant的宾语；在宾语从句中包含了由whose引导的定语从句，关系词whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系。句意：他的出现意味着课堂上我有一个意料之外的教学助手，他的创造力会感染其他学生。‎ ‎19. (2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解C篇) Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.分析：Then the person leaves it in a public place为句子的主干，hoping that...是现在分词作伴随状语，that引导的是宾语从句，在宾语从句中又包含了一个现在分词短语traveling...作伴随状语；此外，在后一个伴随状语中还包含了一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reader。句意：然后，大家可以把它（书）留在一个公共场合，希望这本书经历一场冒险，随着每个发现它的新读者来一场遥远广阔的旅行。‎ ‎20.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇) Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.分析：Shackleton started a business.为句子主干，a onetime British merchant-navy officer为Shackleton的同位语，同时作定语从句who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908的先行词，before his 1914 voyage 为时间状语，to make...为不定式作目的状语。句意：Shackleton，一个曾经的英国上船船队军官，在1908年到达过距离南极点不足100英里的地方，在他1914年航海前开始做生意来从电影和摄影中赚钱。‎ ‎21.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇) Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published..‎ 分析：Frank Hurley was hired.为句子主干，a confident and gifted Australian photographer为Frank Hurley的同位语，同时作定语从句who knew the Antarctic的先行词，to make...为不定式短语作目的状语，此外，还有一个which引导的非限制定语从句，修饰先行词images。句意：Frank Hurley，一个自信的，有天赋的，对南极洲有了解的澳大利亚摄影师，被雇佣去拍照，其中大部分图片以前从未被发表过。‎ ‎22.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读七选五) It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.‎ 分析：It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding为句子主干，在understanding后有who和how引导的两个宾语从句。句意：它始于窥探自己的内心，和明白就自然界而言你是谁，以及如何处理园艺工作流程。（with respect to“就……而言，关于”）‎ ‎23.(2016全国新课标甲卷完形填空) The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up.分析：本句的主干为The woman jumped up，sitting at the desk为现在分词短语作后置定语，seeing my madness为原因状语。句意：坐在桌子旁的她，看到了我疯狂的举动，同情地跳了起来。‎ ‎24.(2016全国新课标甲卷完形填空)It could be anything——gardening, cooking, music, sports——but whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 分析：本句是由but连接的两个并列分句，在后一个分句中含有一个whatever引导的状语从句，主句是一个祈使句。句意：它可以是任何事——园艺活、做饭、音乐或是运动——但是不管是什么事，一定要确保它是一件放松日常压力而不是另外一件需要担心的事情。‎ ‎25.(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解A篇) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.分析：本句为复合句，主句为the environmental movement might not exist today，if引导条件状语从句。注意本句使用了虚拟语气，表示对现在的虚拟。句意：如果不是Rachel Carson的话，今天的环保运动就可能不会存在。‎ ‎26.( 2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解B篇) Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.‎ 分析：本句为倒装句，当only+状语位于句首，引起部分倒装，句子可还原为“Ms Garza finally say yes only after a year of friendly discussion”。句意：经过一年友好的协商之后，Garza女士才最终同意。‎ ‎27.( 2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解B篇) Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.‎ 分析：本句是由but连接的两个并列分句，前一个分句and并列两个谓语动词表示顺承关系，后一个分句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式。句意：几乎每个祖父母都想和自己的孙子住在一起并愿意做出牺牲，但有时拒绝而取而代之以经常探访更为明智。‎ ‎28.( 2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解C篇) For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.‎ 分析：本句为复合句，前一个that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中包含了一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词something。句意：对于这个递送的工作，你意识到在那个箱子里放的很可能是挽救别人生命的东西。‎ ‎29.(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D篇) Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.‎ 分析：本句的主句为Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence，when引导时间状语从句，在时间状语从句中，their patients may be experiencing为定语从句，修饰先行词anxiety。‎ 句意：当护士和其他看护者遇到的病人可能经历个人焦虑时，他们需要知道沉默的可能含义。‎ ‎30.( 2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D篇) Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.分析：本句中when引导的是时间状语从句；what may be implied为主语从句，that引导表语从句，在表语从句中，包含了一个what引导的宾语从句，作consider的宾语。句意：因此，当一个来自其中某个文化群体的人在说话的时候突然停住时，可能是在暗示讲话者希望听众在继续（讲下去）之前思考一下刚才所讲的内容。‎ ‎31.(2016全国新课标乙卷完形填空) Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.分析：本句中现在分词短语Approaching the vehicle作状语，that引导宾语从句，作saw的宾语，broken为过去分词作定语。句意：他们走进这辆车，看到一位妇女试图从破了的车窗爬出来。‎ ‎32.(2016全国新课标乙卷语法填空) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.分析：本句为主从复合句，其中when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the mid-1980s，过去分词短语permitted…作定语修饰reporter。句意：但我和熊猫的联系可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期的一档电视节目中，我是第一个被允许拍摄野外营救挨饿的熊猫影片的西方电视台记者。‎ ‎33.( 2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解C篇) To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. 分析：本句的主句是it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式；此外，To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets为状语，状语中包含了who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people；本句最后还有一个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词Decio。句意：对于习惯于在超市卖的黄金美味和皇家嘎啦这种有限苹果种类选择的人来说，看到仍旧存留的传统苹果是很长见识的，比如罗马人种植的Decio。‎ ‎34.( 2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解D篇) Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.‎ 分析：本句为复合句，三个that引导的定语从句对articles进行解释说明。句意：读者们也喜欢分享让他们感到兴奋或有趣的文章，或者是引发愤怒或焦虑的消极感受的文章，而不是仅仅让他们感到悲伤的文章。‎ ‎35.( 2016全国新课标丙卷阅读七选五) When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.分析：本句为复合句，when引导时间状语从句，主句中还包含了if引导条件状语从句。句意：当你买完鱼回家后，如果不立即烹饪你最好把鱼放在冰箱里保存，但新鲜的鱼只能在冰箱保存一到两天。‎ ‎36.( 2016全国新课标丙卷完形填空)We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’ s accident.分析：本句是由but连接的两个并列分句，在后一个分句中包含了一个in which引导的定语从句。句意：我们是以10比1赢得比赛并且我被评为最有价值的球员，但我经常做疯狂的梦，在梦中我因为Miller的事故而受责备。‎ ‎37.( 2016全国新课标丙卷语法填空) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.‎ 分析：本句的主干为Some people think that Confucius influenced the development of chopsticks，其中that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中包含了一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Confucius。句意：一些人认为这位生活在公元前约551-479年的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。‎ ‎38.(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解B篇) Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where —— luckily for me —— I was planning to have dinner that very night.‎ 分析：as引导的是让步状语从句，从句用了倒装结构，表语前置；when引导的是时间状语从句；在时间状语从句中包含了由where引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词restaurant。句意：眼前的西红柿令我欣喜不已，当我听说布朗的格鲁夫农场是杰克达斯蒂餐厅的供应商之一时，我更加高兴了。杰克达斯蒂餐厅是萨拉索塔丽思卡尔顿酒店新开张的一家餐厅——我感到很幸运——那天晚上我计划去那吃晚饭。‎ ‎39. (2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解C篇)The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.分析： The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration…为句子的主干，bringing together ...是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰an exhibition。句意：巴黎的蓬皮社中心正在展出200多幅油画、雕塑和素描等作品，以此表达对这位艺术家及其伟大人格的尊敬和钦佩。‎ ‎40.(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解D篇) If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.‎ 分析：本句If引导的条件状语从句用了虚拟语气；主句中的just to speak作定语修饰place。句意：如果人生不是一场战争，人们也不会需要一个仅仅去说话的特殊场所了。‎ ‎41.(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读七选五) But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.‎ 分析：本句中when引导的是时间状语从句；that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a lack of trust。此外，句中还包含一个where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词action。句意：但如果一段关系中缺乏信任，过错之人不为错误负责，你也无法获得成功。‎ ‎42.(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解B篇) Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places —— and so more likely to eat lots of food.‎ 分析：本句中for引导表示原因的分句，分句中less self-conscious和后面的so more likely to eat lots of food是并列表语，分句中还有一个由when引导的时间状语从句。句意：黑暗的环境更容易鼓励过量饮食，因为人们在灯光昏暗的地方很少会难为情—— 所以更可能吃大量的食物。‎ ‎43.(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解C篇)The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. ‎ 分析：本句中，句子主干是The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months，left over to Oxbridge applicants是过去分词短语作后置定语， between…and…是介词短语作定语，修饰的都是the months。句意：间隔年现象起源于牛津大学和剑桥大学申请在11月份入学考试至下一学年开始前空出的那几个月时间。‎ ‎44.(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读七选五) No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.‎ 分析：本句是由so连接的两个并列句；which引导的是宾语从句，作say的宾语；as you shop是由as引导的时间状语从句。句意：没人能说哪个品牌最适合你或你穿哪一双脚最舒服，因此在购买时，你不得不根据你的经验和对每一双鞋的感觉。‎