高考英语写作讲解与训练作文写作基础如何写出好句子 16页

高考英语作文写作基础 — 如何写出好句子 如何写出好句子：好句子的标准应是：用词准确、逻辑清晰、简洁明了、可读性强。‎ 一. 学会运用复合句 复合句包括：名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句 用复合句增强句子之间的逻辑关系，使你的句子变得紧凑 例：（1）Children grow older. They prefer to be more independent rather than be at the mercy of their parents.‎ When children grow older, they prefer to be more independent rather than be at the mercy of their parents.‎ ‎（2）I was very excited . I couldn’te express myself in words.‎ I was so excited that I couldn’t express myself in words.‎ ‎（3）We will have a further discussion. We draw a final conclusion.‎ We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.‎ ‎（4）The economy in this area is developing rapidly. The qualities of some citizens are still not satisfactory.‎ Although the economy in this area is developing rapidly, the qualities of some citizens are still not satisfactory. ‎ ‎（5）You are allowed to drive my car . You should drive carefully and slowly.‎ You are allowed to drive my car on condition that/ as long as you should drive carefully and slowly.‎ ‎［练习］‎ 根据句子之间的关系，用正确的连词使其成为复合句。‎ ‎（1）The teacher had read my composition. He gave me his opinion. ‎ After the teacher had read my composition, he gave me his opinion. ‎ ‎（2）You have got the secret. Please don’t spread it in public. ‎ If you have got the secret, please don’t spread it in public. ‎ ‎（3）They arrived at the farm. They were welcomed by the farmers. ‎ The moment/As soon as they arrived at the farm, they were welcomed by the farmers. ‎ ‎（4）The International Red Cross is an organization. Its purpose is to help the sick and the needy.‎ The International Red Cross is an organization whose purpose is to help the sick and the needy.‎ ‎（5）I decided to find a job. I could earn the money.‎ I decided to find a job so that I could earn the money.‎ ‎ 二. 学会运用非谓语动词 用非谓语动词使你的句子简洁。‎ 例：（1）Most of the artists who had been invited to the party were from South Africa.‎ Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.‎ ‎（2）The prices of the computers which are being shown here are still unknown.‎ The prices of the computers being shown here are still unknown.‎ ‎（3）After he had been deserted by his guide, he couldn’t find his way through the jungle.‎ Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn’t find his way through the jungle.‎ ‎（4）Nowadays the old people often do morning exercises in the park in order that they could keep healthy.‎ Nowadays the old people often do morning exercises in the park to keep healthy.‎ ‎（5）The church was built in 1829. It is the oldest European structure . ‎ The church built in 1829 is the oldest European structure . ‎ ‎［练习］‎ 运用非谓语动词完成下列句子：‎ ‎（1）Jane was disturbed by the noise. She turned off the radio. ‎ Disturbed by the noise, Jane turned off the radio. ‎ ‎（2）Gary was tired. He decided to go to bed. ‎ Being tired, Gary decided to go to bed. ‎ ‎（3）As I felt hungry, I decided to walk to the shop and buy some food.‎ Feeling hungry, I decided to walk to the shop and buy some food.‎ ‎（4）I sent him an e-mail and hoped to get further information about SARS.‎ I sent him an e-mail, hoping to get further information about SARS.‎ ‎（5）As soon as I entered the classroom, I found all my classmates were busy studying ‎ Entering the classroom, I found all my classmates were busy studying ‎ 三. 学会句式的变化 用不同的表达方法来丰富你的句式 例：1. . When I was a child, I often played here.‎ As a boy, I used to play here. ‎ ‎2. The room is so small that we can’t put the piano in it.‎ The room is too small for us to put the piano in.‎ ‎3. By chance I met an old friend of mine that day.‎ I happened to meet an old friend of mine that day.‎ It happened that I met an old friend of mine that day.‎ ‎4. That was because we were not careful enough.‎ That was because of our carelessness.‎ ‎5. The people were in deep sorrow when they heard this sad news.‎ The people were in deep sorrow at this sad news .‎ ‎［练习］‎ 改写句子，填入适当的词使句意与原句意义相同。‎ ‎1. I have never seen such a beautiful suit before.‎ ‎ I have never seen so beautiful a suit before.‎ ‎2. If it doesn’t rain, we’ll hold the sports meet.‎ ‎ Unless it rains, we’ll hold the sports meet.‎ ‎3. Do you mind if I smoke here?‎ Do you mind my/me smoking here?‎ ‎4. Hearing the news, he hurried home.‎ After / When he heard the news, he went home in a hurry.‎ ‎5. He never hesitates to help others.‎ He always helps others without any hesitation.‎ 四、掌握常用句型：‎ ‎1. in order to　　为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。‎ He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.‎ ‎2. in order that　　她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。‎ She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock..‎ ‎3. so…that　　他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。‎ They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.‎ ‎4. such…that　　天气非常冷，以致于街上一个人都没有。‎ It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.‎ ‎5. would rather do…than do　　他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。‎ He would rather listen to others than talk himself.‎ ‎6. prefer doing to doing　　他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。‎ He prefers making speeches after careful preparation.‎ ‎7. prefer to do…rather than do　　比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.‎ ‎8. not only…but also　　在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctor’s degree.‎ ‎ 9. either…or　　如果考试过关，你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。‎ You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.‎ ‎10. Neither…nor　　他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。‎ He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.‎ ‎11. as well as　　他善良又乐于助人。‎ He was kind as well as helpful.‎ ‎12. …as well　　这个小孩活泼又可爱。‎ The child is active and funny as well .‎ ‎13. One…the other　你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。‎ Have you seen two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is black.‎ ‎14. Some…others　每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。‎ Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.‎ ‎15. make…+adj /n　　我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。‎ What we do will make the world more beautiful.‎ ‎16. not…until　　直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。‎ I didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened.‎ ‎17. as if　　他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。‎ He talks a lot as if he knows everything.‎ ‎18. It is no use (good) doing…　　假装不懂规则是行不通的。‎ It’s no use pretending that you didn’t know the rules.‎ ‎19. find it + adj to do…　　我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。‎ I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.‎ ‎20. It is + time since…　　我已经有两年没见他了。‎ It is two years since I last met him.‎ ‎21. It is + time when…　　我到电影院时已经八点钟了。‎ It was 8 o’clock when I got to the cinema.‎ ‎22. It is + time before…　　不久我们就会再见面的。‎ I won’t be long before we can meet again.‎ ‎23. It is…that…　我最珍视的是友谊。‎ It is friendship that I value most.‎ ‎24. It is + n / adj + that / to do…　　每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机 It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.‎ 英语作文常用谚语、俗语 ‎1、Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。‎ ‎2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 ‎ ‎3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 ‎ ‎4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 ‎ ‎5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 ‎ ‎6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 ‎ ‎7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 ‎ ‎8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 ‎ ‎9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 ‎ ‎10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 ‎ ‎11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 ‎ ‎12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 ‎ ‎13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 ‎ ‎14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 ‎ ‎15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。 ‎ ‎16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 ‎ ‎17、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 ‎ ‎18、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 ‎ ‎19、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 ‎ ‎20、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，‎ ‎21、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 ‎ ‎22、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 ‎ ‎23、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 ‎ ‎24、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 ‎ ‎25、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。‎ ‎26、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 ‎ ‎27、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 ‎ ‎28、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 ‎ ‎29、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 ‎ ‎30、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。‎ ‎31、Each coin has two sides. ‎ ‎32、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 ‎ ‎33、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 ‎ ‎34、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 ‎ ‎35、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 ‎ ‎36、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量 ‎37、Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。 ‎ ‎38、No pain， no gain.（不劳无获。）‎ ‎39、Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的教师。‎ ‎40、Practice makes perfect ．（熟能生巧。）‎ 高考英语书面表达体裁内容分类模版 一、图表作文的模板 ‎ 写作点拨：‎ 1． 仔细观察图表，认真阅读图表前的提示。了解图表所反映的类容，研究图表所反映出来的规律，用简洁的语言概括图表的内容，‎ 2． 处理相关数据。对数据的处理不必面面俱到，但要概括出特征，为后文分析原因、揭示规律、发表看法做铺垫。‎ 3． 用好关联词。注意短文内容的衔接、过渡和前后呼应。常用的词语有：compared with, on the other hand, however, in my opinion等。‎ 4． 确定文章结构。此类文章的结构一般为：开头简明扼要，直接切入主题；通过数据说明基本走势；比较数据，揭示显著特征；必要时对今后的走势做出估计；分析出现这种趋势的原因；指出现实生活中存在的问题后，用一两句话呼应短文的主题。‎ ‎    As is shown by the figure in the table,____ has been on rise/ decrease significantly from______ in _______ to ______ in . From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.‎ ‎　　There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting f or ______. On　the　one　hand, ________. On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　due　to　the　fact　that ________.　In　addition, ________ is　responsible　for _______.　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　to　show ________.　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　are　commonly convincing. ‎ As far as I am concerned,　I hold the point of view that _______. I　am　sure　my　opinion　is　both　sound　and　well-grounded.‎ 例：我国学生过暑假的方式的变化。请根据这两幅图表， 用英语写一篇100词左右的文章。‎ From the two charts we can see that in the past ten years, students who go traveling and do social investigation have greatly increased while those who stay at home have decreased a lot.‎ ‎ There are several reasons for the changes. Firstly, with the development of economy, students can get support from their parents for traveling. Secondly, tourism has greatly developed over ten years. In addition, school has been encouraging students to do social investigation in both cities and villages.‎ ‎ From the changes we can predict that more and more students will make their summer vacation colorful and meaningful by going outside instead of staying at home.‎ 二、对比观点题型 ‎（1）    要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。‎ ‎1．    有一些人认为……‎ ‎2．    另一些人认为……‎ ‎3．    我的看法……‎ ‎ The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is ‎ more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).‎ ‎ While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).‎ ‎ From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .‎ 例：当今我国大学生就业成功率很低，除了全球性的金融危机影响外，还有就是大学生对工作的选择。有的人认为应该优先选择自己喜欢的工作，而不是自己擅长的；另一部分人相反。你班学生就此事进行讨论，请客观地介绍情况并谈谈你的看法。‎ 观点 理由 一部分人 喜欢比擅长重要。‎ 兴趣是最好的老师，精通与擅长的可能性会大大增加等。‎ 另一部分 擅长比喜欢重要。‎ 擅长更容易成功，后天努力培养兴趣。‎ 你 ‎……‎ ‎……‎ Recently the students in our class have discussed the following topic: which is more important for college graduates to choose jobs, being interested in it or being good at it?‎ Some agree that the love of job is very important because interest is the best teacher. People are often willing to do what they like doing. If you are not good at it in the beginning, you can work hard and gradually improve your skills to make you good at it. Others hold their view that if you are good at it, you have more chances to achieve success very soon. While you work, you can do all you can to gain the interest in it little by little.‎ From my point of view, I think we should make full use of our strengths to change them each other regardless of the fact that you like it or you are good at it.‎ 三、解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 ‎１．    问题现状 ‎２．    怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)‎ ‎　　 In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ----------(举例进一步说明现状)‎ ‎　　　Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).‎ ‎ Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).‎ 例：假如你是李华，请根据以上报道给你在外地的朋友Tom写信，介绍你校目前学生的健康状况以及学校为了防治红眼病所采取的一些具体措施，并表达你对他所在城市该病情的关注。‎ 目前学校情况 有部分老师同学患病，有老师为了不传染别人，戴着墨镜坚持上课 具体措施 每天坚持多次洗手 少去人多的地方，减少集会 尽量避免与患者接触 ‎…‎ Dear Tom, ‎ ‎ How are things going? I am writing to tell you about the “pink eye” control here in our school.‎ The situation of the disease is serious in our school. Some teachers and students, especially those younger students in junior grades have suffered from it already and many of them have returned home to receive medical treatment. We are deeply moved ‎ by a teacher in our school. Recently she wears a pair of dark sunglasses while giving classes to her students because she suffers from the disease but doesn’t want to give up her students` studies.‎ With the rapid spread of the “pink eye”, schools in our city have been taking various preventive measures and our school is no exception. ‎ Every day, our teachers remind us to wash hands as often as possible, especially before three meals. Besides，we are also advised not to go to the crowded places or big gatherings. If several cases of “pink eye” are found in a class, the students have to stay home until they have recovered. ‎ In my opinion, the most effective way to protect ourselves is not to use others` goods casually and form a good habit of eye using. ‎ How is the “pink eye” control in your city? Please let me know about it. I hope everything is going well with you.‎ Take care!‎ ‎ Yours ‎ ‎ Li Hua 四、说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）‎ ‎１．    说明事物现状 ‎２．    事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）‎ ‎３．    你对现状（或前景）的看法 ‎ Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.‎ ‎ But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the ‎ important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．‎ ‎ Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．‎ ‎(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)‎ 例一：吉尼斯世界纪录近年来在中国受到不少人的追捧，但同时有些记录也受到了一些人的质疑。下表是支持者和反对者的主要观点，请根据此表用英语写一篇短文，并发表自己的观点。 ‎ ‎ 观点 支持者 1. 在观看挑战中得到了快乐，同时增长了知识，开阔了视野。‎ 2. 挑战者坚持不懈的精神值得敬佩。‎ 反对者 有些人申报的吉尼斯世界纪录是无意义的、浪费的、甚至存在很大的危险性 你的观点 ‎……‎ ‎ Nowadays more and more Chinese people are interested in Guinness records. They say that it’s a pleasure to watch the challenges and they can learn a lot from them. What’s more, the determination of the challengers deserves our respect. Others say that some records which are applied for are meaningless, wasteful and even dangerous for challengers. ‎ In my opinion, we shouldn’t waste a lot of time and money in participating in meaningless challenges but devote ourselves to some interesting, helpful and inspiring activities.‎ 五、阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．‎ ‎１．    阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．‎ ‎２．    分析并举例使其更充实．‎ ‎ The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.‎ First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．‎ ‎ In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.‎ 例如：观点：Failure is the mother of success. （失败是成功之母）‎ People often say, “Failure is the mother of success.” There is hardly any success won without failure. A painter may throw many unsuccessful drawings before he finally makes a satisfactory one. A doctor may try many times before he finds the effective treatment for a strange disease. A scientist may make hundreds of experiments before he obtains the data he needs. In other words, the painter, the doctor and the scientist have failed time and again before they succeed in the end.‎ From the above examples, we can conclude that failures are very common. We can get some helpful experiences from them and learn little by little what is the right way to our goal. It seems that failures are the steps in the mountain paths leading up to the peak where success lies. You have to climb the steps in order to reach the top.‎ We should all take a positive attitude to failures and keep on working hard so as to meet with the final success in our studies and careers.‎ 六、写信写作模板 实用性写作（申请信 ) Dear ...,‎ 开头部分： How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 结尾部分： With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.‎ Sincerely yours, X X X 口头通知常见写作模板： 呼语及开场白部分： 　　Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. 正文部分： All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late. 结束语部分： Please come and join in it. Everybody is welcome to attend it. I hope you’ll have a nice time here.‎ That’s all. Thank you. ‎ 例如：你叫李宏，你校在为一批来自加拿大的交流学生征寻为期两周的住宿家庭。你有意申请，写封信说明你申请的理由。(包括所具备的条件)。 Dear sir, 　　I hear that our school will welcome some Canadian students to stay with us for or two weeks. Students who want to invite them to stay can take part in it. I want to try. 　　First, my parents and I can speak English well. That benefits us to communicate with each other. Second, our house is big enough for he or she to stay. Furthermore, I live near the Huangpu‎ ‎River. It has a good view of Shanghai. 　　Last but not least, in my home, he or she will enjoy much China culture. My grandpa and grandma are good at handwriting. My grandma also has a good skill in Chinese painting. 　　I think our friendly will give him a both interesting and comfortable experience. 　　Thank you for your reading during your busy work.. I hope that you will agree with me . 　　Yours sincerely, 　　Li Hong ‎